rivets

CHAPTER

13RIVETED JOINTS

SYMBOLS2;3;4

A area of cross-section, m2 (in2)the cross-sectional area of rivet shank, m2 (in2)

b breadth of cover plates (also with suffixes), m (in)c distance from the centroid of the rivet group to the critical rivet,

m (in)d diameter of rivet, m (in)Di internal diameter of pressure vessel, m (mm)e or l eccentricity of loading, m (in)F force on plate or rivets (also with suffixes), kN (lbf)h thickness of plate or shell, m (in)hc, h1, h2 thickness of cover plate (butt strap), m (in)i number of rivets in a pitch fine (also with suffixes 1 and 2,

respectively, for single shear and double shear rivets)I moment of inertia, area, m4, cm4 (in4)J moment of inertia, polar, m4, cm4 (in4)

K ¼ F

F 0 coefficient (Table 13-11)

m margin, m (in)Mb bending moment, N m (lbf in)p pitch on the gauge line or longitudinal pitch, m (in)pc pitch along the caulking edge, m (in)pd diagonal pitch, m (in)pt transverse pitch, m (in)Pf intensity of fluid pressure, MPa (psi)Z section modulus of the angle section, m3, cm3 (in3)�� hoop stress in pressure vessel or normal stress in plate, MPa

(psi)�a allowable normal stress, MPa (psi)�c crushing stress in rivets, MPa (psi)� shear stress in rivet, MPa (psi)�a allowable shear stress, MPa (psi)� efficiency of the riveted joint� angle between a line drawn from the centroid of the rivet group

to the critical rivet and the horizontal (Fig. 13-5)

13.1

Source: MACHINE DESIGN DATABOOK

PRESSURE VESSELS

Thickness of main plates

The thickness of plate of the pressure vessel withlongitudinal joint

For thickness of boiler plates and suggested types ofjoints

The thickness of plate of the pressure vessel withcircumferential joint

For allowable stress and efficiency of joints

PITCHES

Lap joints

The diagonal pitch (staggered) (Fig. 13-1) for p, pt,and pd

The distance between rows or transverse pitch or backpitch (staggered)

The rivet diameter

FIGURE 13-1 Pitch relation

h ¼ PfDi

2��ð13-1Þ

Refer to Tables 13-1 and 13-2.

h ¼ PfDi

4��ð13-2Þ

Refer to Tables 13-3, 13-4, 13-5, and 13-6.

pd ¼ 2pþ d

3ð13-3Þ

Refer to Tables 13-7 and 13-8 for rivets for generalpurposes and boiler rivets.

pt ¼ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�2pþ d

3

�2��p

2

�2sð13-4Þ

d ¼ 0:19ffiffiffih

pto 0:2

ffiffiffih

pSI ð13-5aÞ

where h and d in m

d ¼ 1:2ffiffiffih

pto 1:4

ffiffiffih

pUSCS ð13-5bÞ

where h and d in in

d ¼ 6ffiffiffih

pto 6:3

ffiffiffih

pCM ð13-5cÞ

where h and d on mm

Particular Formula

TABLE 13-1

Suggested types of joint

Diameter of shell, mm (in) Thickness of shell, mm (in) Type of joint

600–1800 (24–72) 6–12 (0.25–0.5) Double-riveted

900–2150 (36–84) 7.5–25 (0.31–1.0) Triple-riveted

1500–2750 (60–108) 9.0–44 (0.375–1.75) Quadruple-riveted

13.2 CHAPTER THIRTEEN

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE 13-2

Minimum thickness of boiler plates

Shell plates Tube sheets of firetube boilers

Diameter of shell, Minimum thickness after flanging, Diameter of tube sheet, Minimum thickness,

mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)

�900 (36) 6.0 (0.25) �1050 (42) 9.5 (0.375)

900–1350 (36–54) 8.0 (0.3125) 1050–1350 (42–54) 11.5 (0.4375)

1350–1800 (54–72) 9.5 (0.375) 1350–1800 (54–72) 12.5 (0.50)

�1800 (72) 12.5 (0.5) �1800 (72) 14.0 (0.5625)

TABLE 13-3

Efficiency of riveted joints (�)

% Efficiency, �

Type of joint

Normal

range Maximum

Lap joints

Single-riveted 50–60 63

Double-riveted 60–72 77

Triple-riveted 72–80 86.6

Butt joints (with two cover plates)

Single-riveted 55–60 63

Double-riveted 76–84 87

Triple-riveted 80–88 95

Quadruple-riveted 86–94 98

TABLE 13-4Allowable stresses in structural riveting (�b)

Rivets acting in single shear Rivets acting in double shear

Rivet-driving

Load-carrying member Type of stress method MPa kpsi MPa kpsi

Rolled steel SAE 1020 Tension 124 18.0 124 18.0

Shear Power 93 13.5 93 13.5

Rivets, SAE 1010 Shear Hand 68 10.0 68 10.0

Crushing Power 165 24.0 206 30.0

Crushing Hand 110 16.0 137 20.0

RIVETED JOINTS 13.3

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE 13-5

Allowable stress for aluminum rivets, �a

Allowable stressa, �a

Shear Bearing

Rivet alloy Procedure of drawing MPa kpsi MPa kpsi

2S (pure aluminum) Cold, as received 20 3.0 48 7.0

17S Cold, immediately after quenching 68 10.0 179 26.0

17S Hot, 500–5108C 62 9.0 179 26.0

615–T6 Cold, as received 55 8.0 103 15.0

53S Hot, 515–5278C 41 6.0 103 15.0

aActual safety factor or reliability factor is 1.5.

TABLE 13-6

Values of working stressaat elevated temperatures

Minimum of the specified range of tensile strength of the material, MPa (kpsi)

Maximum

temperatures (45) 311 (50) 344 (55) 380 (60) 413 (75) 517

8F 8C MPa kpsi MPa kpsi MPa kpsi MPa kpsi MPa kpsi

0–700 0–371 61 9.0 68 10.0 76 11.00 82 12.00 103 15.00

750 399 56 8.22 62 9.11 68 10.00 77 11.20 89 13.00

800 427 45 6.55 53 7.33 54 8.00 61 9.00 70 10.20

850 455 37 5.44 41 6.05 46 6.75 51 7.40 57 8.30

900 482 29 4.33 33 4.83 37 5.50 38 5.60 41 6.00

950 511 22 3.20 26 3.60 27 4.00 27 4.00 27 4.00

a Design stresses of pressure vessels are based on a safety factor of 5.

TABLE 13-7

Pitch of butt joints

Type of joint Diameter of rivets, d, mm Pitch, p

Double-riveted— Any 5.5d (approx.)

use for h � 12:5mm (0.5 in)

Triple-riveted— 1.75–23.80 8d–8.5d

use for h � 25mm 27.00 7.5d

(1 in) 30.15–36.50 6.5d–7d

Quadruple-riveted— 17.50–23.80 16d–17d

use for h � 31:75mm 27.00 15d (approx.)

(1.25 in) 30.15 14d (approx.)

33.30–36.50 13d–14d


RIVETED JOINTS

Butt joint

The transverse pitch

For rivets, rivet holes, and strap thick

pt ¼ 2d to 2:5d ð13-6aÞ

pt �ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi0:5pd þ 0:25d2

qð13-6bÞ

Refer to Tables 13-9, 13-10, and Fig. 13-2.

Particular Formula

TABLE 13-8

Transverse pitch ( pt) as per ASME Boiler Code

Value of p=d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Value of pt 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2.2d 2.3d

TABLE 13-9

Rivet hole diameters

Diameter of rivet, mm Rivet hole diameters, mm (min)

12 13

14 15

16 17

18 19

20 21

22 23

24 25

27 28.5

30 31.5

33 34.5

36 37.5

39 41.0

42 44

48 50

TABLE 13-10

Rivet hole diameters and strap thickness

Minimum Minimum

Plate strap Hole Plate strap Hole

thickness, thickness, diameter, thickness, thickness, diameter,

h, mm hc mm d, mm h, mm hc mm d, mm

6.25 14.25 11.10

7.20 6.25 17.50 27.0

8.00 15.90 12.50

8.75 20.50 19.00 30.15

9.50

10.30 8.00 22.25 15.90 33.30

11.10 25.00 12.50

12.00 9.50 24.00 28.50 19.00 36.50

12.50 31.75 22.25

13.50 11.10 83.10 25.00 39.70

FIGURE 13-2 Quadruple-riveted double-strap butt joint.

RIVETED JOINTS 13.5

RIVETED JOINTS

Minimum transverse pitch as per ASME Boiler Code

For transverse pitches

Haven and Swett formula for permissible pitchesalong the caulking edge of the outside cover plate

Diagonal pitch, pd , is calculated from the relation

MARGIN

Margin for longitudinal seams of all pressure vesselsand girth seams of power boiler having unsupportedheads

Margin for girth seams of power boilers havingsupported heads and all unfired pressure vessels

COVER PLATES

The thickness of cover plate

pt ¼ 1:75d ifp

d� 4 ð13-7aÞ

pt ¼ 1:75d þ 0:001ð p� dÞ ifp

d> 4 SI ð13-8aÞ

where pt, p, and d in m

pt ¼ 1:75d þ 0:1ð p� dÞ ifp

d> 4 USCS ð13-8bÞ

where pt, d, and p in in

Refer to Table 13-8.

pc � d ¼ 14

ffiffiffiffiffiffih3cPf

4

sCM ð13-9aÞ

where pc, d, hc in cm, and Pf in kgf/cm2

pc � d ¼ 21:38

ffiffiffiffiffiffih3cPf

4

sUSCS ð13-9bÞ

where pc, d, hc in in, and Pf in psi

h3cpc � d ¼ 77:8

ffiffiffiffiffiffiPf

4

sSI ð13-9cÞ

where pc, d, hc in m, and Pf in N/m2

2ð pd � dÞ � ð p� dÞ ð13-10Þ

m ¼ 1:5d to 1:75d ð13-11aÞ

m � 1:25d ð13-11bÞ

hc ¼ 0:6hþ 0:0025 if h � 0:038m SI ð13-12aÞwhere hc and h in m

hc ¼ 0:6hþ 0:1 if h � 1:5 in USCS ð13-12bÞwhere hc and h in in

hc ¼ 0:67h if h > 0:038m SI ð13-12cÞwhere hc and h in m

hc ¼ 0:67h if h > 1:5 in USCS ð13-12dÞwhere hc and h in in

Particular Formula


RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE 13-11

Rivet groups under eccentric loading value of coefficient K

K ¼ 1

lp

p21 þ p2þ 1

4

K ¼ nffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�6l

ðnþ 1Þpt

�2þ 1

s

}

K ¼ n

Alcn

2Iþ

ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�Alcn

2I

�2þ 1

s

K ¼ nffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�lðn� 1Þpt

p2 þ 13 ðn2 � 1Þp2t

�2þ�

lp

p2 þ 13 ðn2 � 1Þp2t

þ 1

2

�2s

K ¼ nffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�lðn� 1Þpt

p2 þ 12 ðn� 1Þp2t

�2þ�

lp

p2 þ 13 ðn2 � 1Þp2t

þ 1

3

�2s

K ¼ nffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi�lðn� 1Þpt

p21 þ p2 þ 23 ðn2 � 1Þp2t

�2þ�

lp

p21 þ p2 þ 23 ðn2 � 1Þp2t

þ 1

4

�2s

Key:

n ¼ total number of rivets in a column

F ¼ permissible load, acting with lever arm, l, kN (lbf)

F 0 ¼ permissible load on one rivet, kN (lbf)

K ¼ F=F 0, coefficient

Source: K. Lingaiah and B. R. Narayana Iyengar, Machine Design Data Handbook ( fps Units), Engineering College Cooperative Society,

Bangalore, India, 1962; K. Lingaiah and B. R. Narayana Iyengar, Machine Design Data Handbook, Vol. I (SI and Customary Metric Units),

Suma Publishers, Bangalore, India, 1983; and K. Lingaiah, Machine Design Data Handbook, Vol. II (SI and Customary Metric Units), Suma

Publishers, Bangalore, India, 1986.

RIVETED JOINTS 13.7

RIVETED JOINTS

Thickness of the cover plate according toIndian Boiler Code

Thickness of single-butt cover plate

Thickness of single-butt cover plate omitting alternaterivet in the over rows

Thickness of double-butt cover plates of equal width

Thickness of double-butt cover plates of equal widthomitting alternate rivet in the outer rows

Thickness of the double-butt cover plates of unequalwidth

For thickness of cover plates

The width of upper cover plate (narrow strap)

The width of lower cover plate (wide strap)

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF TYPICALRIVETED JOINT (Fig. 13-2)

The tensile strength of the solid plate

The tensile strength of the perforated strip along theouter gauge line

The general expression for the resistance to shear ofall the rivets in one pitch length

The general expression for the resistance to crushingof the rivets

The resistance against failure of the plate through thesecond row and simultaneous shearing of the rivets inthe first row

The resistance against failure of the plate through thesecond row and simultaneous crushing of the rivets inthe first row

The resistance against shearing of the rivets in theouter row and simultaneous crushing of the rivets inthe two inner rows

h1 ¼ 1:125h ð13-13Þ

h2 ¼ 1:25hp� d

p� 2dð13-14Þ

hc ¼ h1 ¼ h2 ¼ 0:625h ð13-15Þ

hc ¼ h1 ¼ h2 ¼ 0:625hp� d

p� 2dð13-16Þ

h1 ¼ 0:625h for narrow strap ð13-17aÞ

h2 ¼ 0:750h for wide strap ð13-17bÞ


b1 ¼ 4mþ 2pt1 ð13-18Þ

b2 ¼ b1 þ 2pt2 þ 4m ð13-19Þ

F� ¼ ph�� ð13-20Þ

F� ¼ ð p� dÞh�� ð13-21Þ

F� ¼ ð2i2 þ i1Þ�d2

4� ð13-22Þ

Fc ¼ ði2hþ i1h2Þd�c ð13-23Þ

F�1 ¼ ð p� 2dÞh�� þ�d2

4� ð13-24Þ

Fc1 þ ð p� 2dÞh�� þ dh�c ð13-25Þ

F�c ¼�

4d2� þ idh�c ð13-26Þ

Particular Formula


RIVETED JOINTS

EFFICIENCY OF THE RIVETED JOINT

The efficiency of plate

The efficiency of rivet in general case

For efficiency of joints

The diameter of the rivet in general case

The pitch in general case

For pitch of joint

THE LENGTH OF THE SHANK OF RIVET(Fig. 13-3)

FIGURE 13-3

� ¼ p� d

pð13-27Þ

� ¼ �d2�ði1 þ 2i2Þ4ph��

¼

�i2 þ i1

h2h

��c�

i2 þ i1h2h

��c þ ��

ð13-28Þ


d ¼ 4hi2 þ i1h2�c�ði1 þ 2i2Þ�

ð13-29Þ

Note: for lap joint i2 ¼ 0for butt joint i1 ¼ 0

p ¼ ð2i2 þ i1Þ�d2�

4h��þ d ð13-30Þ


L ¼ hþ h1 þ h2 þ ð1:5 to 1:7ÞD ð13-31aÞL ¼ hþ hc þ ð1:5 to 1:7ÞD ð13-31bÞfor butt joint with single cover plate

L ¼ 2hþ ð1:5 to 1:7ÞD ð13-31cÞfor lap joint

where D ¼ diameter of rivet

Particular Formula

RIVETED JOINTS 13.9

RIVETED JOINTS

STRUCTURAL JOINT

Riveting of an angle to a gusset plate(Fig. 13-4)

The resultant normal stress

g

g

p a ai

e

eF F

F

(a) (b)

FIGURE 13-4 Riveting of an angle to a gusset plate.

RIVETED BRACKET (Fig. 13-5)

The resultant load on the farthest rivet whose distanceis c from the center of gravity of a group of rivets(Fig. 13-5)

� ¼ F

Aþ Fe

Zð13-32Þ

FR ¼"�

F

nn0

�2þ�

MbcPx2 þP

y2

�2

þ 2

�F

nn0

��MbcP

x2 þPy2

�cos �

#1=2

ð13-33Þ

Particular Formula

FIGURE 13-5 Riveted bracket. (Bureau of Indian Standards.)


RIVETED JOINTS

For rivet groups under eccentric loading value ofcoefficient K

For preferred length and diameter of rivets

For collected formulas of riveted joints

REFERENCES

1. Maleev, V. L., and J. B. Hartmen,Machine Design, International Textbook Company, Scranton, Pennsylvania,1954.

2. Lingaiah, K., and B. R. Narayana Iyengar, Machine Design Data Handbook ( fps Units), Engineering CollegeCooperative Society, Bangalore, India, 1962.

3. Lingaiah, K., and B. R. Narayana Iyengar, Machine Design Data Handbook, Vol. I (SI and Customary MetricUnits), Suma Publishers, Bangalore, India, 1983.

4. Lingaiah, K., Machine Design Data Handbook, Vol. II (SI and Customary Metric Units), Suma Publishers,Bangalore, India, 1986.

5. Bureau of Indian Standards.6. Lingaiah, K., Machine Design Data Handbook, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York, 1994.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Faires, V. M., Design of Machine Elements, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1965.Norman, C. A., E. S. Ault, and I. F. Zarobsky, Fundamentals of Machine Design, The Macmillan Company, NewYork, 1951.

Vallance, A., and V. L. Doughtie, Design of Machine Members, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York,1951.

where

n ¼ number of rivets in one columnn0 ¼ number of rivets in one rowx, y have the meaning as shown in Fig. 13-5


Refer to Figs. 13-6 to 13-8 and Tables 13-12 to 13-13.


Particular Formula

RIVETED JOINTS 13.11

RIVETED JOINTS

FIGURE 13-6 Rivets for general purposes (less than 12mm diameter). For preferred length and diameter combination, refer to

Table 13-12.

FIGURE 13-7 Rivets for general purposes (12 to 48mm diameter). For preferred length and diameter combination, refer to

Table 13-13.


RIVETED JOINTS

FIGURE 13-8 Boiler rivets (12 to 48mm diameter). For preferred length and diameter combination, refer to Table 13-13.


RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE 13-12

Preferred length (�) and diameter combinations for rivets (Fig. 13-6)

Diameter, mm

Length, mm 1.6 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10

5 � — — — — — — — —

6 � � � � — — — — —

7 � � � � — — — — —

8 � � � � � — — — —

9 � � � � � — — — —

10 � � � � � � — — —

12 — � � � � � � — —

14 — — � � � � � � —

16 — — � � � � � � —

18 — — — � � � � � �20 — — — � � � � � �22 — — — � � � � � �24 — — — � � � � � �26 — — — � � � � � �28 — — — � � � � � �30 — — — � � � � � �35 — — — � � � � � �40 — — — — � � � � �45 — — — — � � � � �50 — — — — — — � � �55 — — — — — — � � �60 — — — — — — — � �65 — — — — — — — � �70 — — — — — — — � �

Source: Bureau of Indian Standards, IS: 2155, 1962.


RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE 13-13

Preferred lengths (�) and diameter combinations of rivets (Fig. 13-7)

Diameter, mm

Length, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 48

28 � — — — — — — — — — — — — —

31.5 � � — — — — — — — — — — — —

35.5 � � � — — — — — — — — — — —

40 � � � � — — — — — — — — — —

45 � � � � � — — — — — — — — —

50 � � � � � � — — — — — — — —

56 � � � � � � � — — — — — — —

63 � � � � � � � � — — — — — —

71 � � � � � � � � � — — — — —

80 � � � � � � � � � — — — — —

85 — � � � � � � � � � — — — —

90 — � � � � � � � � � — — — —

95 — � � � � � � � � � � — — —

100 — — � � � � � � � � � — — —

106 — — � � � � � � � � � � — —

112 — — � � � � � � � � � � — —

118 — — — � � � � � � � � � � —

125 — — — — � � � � � � � � � �132 — — — — — � � � � � � � � �140 — — — — — � � � � � � � � �150 — — — — — — � � � � � � � �160 — — — — — — � � � � � � � �180 — — — — — — — � � � � � � �200 — — — — — — — — � � � � � �224 — — — — — — — — — � � � � �250 — — — — — — — — — — — — � �

Source: Bureau of Indian Standards, IS: 1929, 1961.


RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form

ulasforrivetedjoints

2;3;4

Thicknessofcover

plate,

mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

LAPJOIN

T

Onerivet

per

pitch,

Typea

p�d

p

� �d2

4

��

ph��

1:13hþ40

1:5d

Tworivetsper

pitch

Typeb

p�d

p2

� �d2

4

��

ph��

2:62hþ40

2d

1.5d

Typec

h m m

p�d

p2

� �d2

4

��

ph��

2:62hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

Threerivetsper

pitch

Typed

p�d

p3

� �d2

4

��

ph��

3:47hþ40

2d

1:5d

13.16

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)

Thicknessofcover

plate,

mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Typee

p�d

p3

� �d2

4

��

ph��

3:47hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

Fourrivetsper

pitch

Typef

p�d

p4

� �d2

4

��

ph��

� p�2d

p

þ��

d2

4

��

ph��

��4:14hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

or2d

(whichever

is

greater)

1:5d

Typeg

h

p�d

p4

� �d2

4

��

ph��

� p�2d

p

þ��

d2

4

��

ph��

��4:14hþ40

0.2p+

1.15d

1:5d

13.17

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)

Thicknessofcoverplate,

mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

BUTTJOIN

T

Single

buttstrap

Onerivet

per

pitch

Typea

p�d

p

� �d2

4

��

ph��

1:53hþ40

1:5d

1:125h

Tworivetsper

pitch

Typeb

p�d

p2

� �d2

4

��

ph��

3:06hþ40

2d

1:5d

1:125h

Typec

p�d

p2

� �d2

4

��

ph��

3:06hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

1:125d

Threerivets

per

pitch

Typed

p�d

p3

� �d2

4

��

ph��

� p�2d

p

þ� �d

2

4

��

ph��

4 �:05hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

or2d

(whichever

is

greater)

1:5d

1:125h

p�d

p�2d

13.18

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)


mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Tworivets

per

pitch

Typee

p�d

p3

� �d2

4

��

ph��

� p�2d

p

þ� �d

2

4

��

ph��

4 �:05hþ40

0:2pþ1:15d

1:5d

1:125h

p�d

p�2d

Double-butt

strap(equal

widths)

Onerivet

per

pitch

Typef

p�d

p1:875

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

1:75hþ40

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

Tworivets

per

pitch

Typeg

p�d

p3:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

3:5hþ40

2d

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

Typeh

p�d

p3:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

3:5hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

13.19

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)


mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Threerivets

per

pitch

Typei

p�d

p5:625

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

� p�2d

pþ� 1:875

�� d2

4

��

ph��

4 ��:63hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

or2d

(whichever

is

greater)

1:5d

� 0:615h

�p�d

p�2d

�� 0:625h

�p�d

p�2d

�

Typej

p�d

p5:625

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

4:63hþ40

2d

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

Typek

p�d

p5:625

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

4:63hþ40

0:2pþ1:15d

1:5d

� 0:625h

�p�d

p�2d

�� 0:625h

�p�d

p�2d

�

Typel

p�d

p5:625

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

4:63hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

13.20

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)


mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Fourrivets

per

pitch

Typem

p�d

p7:5

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

p�2d

dþ� 1:875

�� d

2

4

��

ph��

�5:52hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

or2d

(whichever

is

greater)

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

Typen

p�d

p7:5

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

p�2d

dþ� 1:875

�� d2

4

��

ph��

�5:52hþ40

0:2pþ1:15d

1:5d

0:625h

0:625h

Double

butt

(unequalwidths)

Tworivets

per

pitch

Typeo

p�d

p2:875

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

3:5hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

Typep

p�d

p2:875

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

3:5hþ40

2d

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

13.21

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


2;3;4(C

ont.)


mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Threerivets

per

pitch

Typeq

p�d

p4:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

� p�2d

d

þ� �d

2

4

��

ph��

�4:63hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

or2d

(whichever

is

greater)

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

Typer

p�d

p4:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

4:63hþ40

2d

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

Types

p�d

p4:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

� p�2d

d

þ� �d

2

4

��

ph��

�4:63hþ40

0:2pþ1:15d

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

13.22

RIVETED JOINTS

TABLE

13-14

Form


(Cont.)


mm

Efficiency

Efficiency

ofplate,

ofrivets,

Combined

Longitudinal

Transverse

Margin,

Inner

h2

Outer,h1

Typeofjoint

Figure

�p

�r

efficiency,�c

pitch,p,mm

pitch,pt,mm

m,mm

(wider)

(narrower)

Typet

p�d

p4:75

� �d2

4

�

��

ph��

4:63hþ40

0:33pþ0:67d

1:5d

0:75h

0:625h

Particular

Form

ula

CommonForm

ula:

Thethicknessofthemain

plate

ofalongitudinaljoint

h¼

PfD

i

2��

Unwin’sform

ula

for

diameter

ofrivet

d¼

0:19

ffiffiffi hpto

0:2

ffiffiffi hpwheredandhin

mSI

¼1:2

ffiffiffi hpto

1:4

ffiffiffi hpwheredandhin

mUSCS

Key:d¼

diameter

ofrivet,m

(in);

h¼

thicknessofmain

plate,m

(in);��¼

hoopstress,MPa(psi);

Di¼

insidediameter

ofpressure

vessel,m

(in);

Pf¼

internalfluid

pressure,MPa(psi);

�¼

efficiency

oftheriveted

joint.

Source:

K.LingaiahandB.R.NarayanaIyengar,

MachineDesignData

Handbook,EngineeringCollegeCooperativeSociety,Bangalore,India,1983;andK.Lingaiah,MachineDesignData

Handbook,Vol.II

(SIandCustomary

MetricUnits),SumaPublishers,Bangalore,India,1986.

13.23

RIVETED JOINTS

rivets

Documents