riverpollution_yamuna: by suresh babu.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Dead rivers in India
Centre for Science and Environment, April 10, 2007
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
River action plans in India…
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Twenty two years later
1 crore = 10 million
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
River cleaning strategies
Sewage interception & diversion Sewage treatment plants (STPs)
Low-cost sanitation works to prevent open defecation
Electric crematoria
River front works (eg-bathing ghats)
Plantation, public awareness, etc.
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
River factsheet
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Yamuna stretchHimalayan segment172-km
Upper stretch224-km
Delhi stretch22-km
Eutrophicated stretch490-km
Diluted segment468-km
Not meeting coliform bathing standard
Not meeting coliform, DO and BOD bathing standard
Not meeting coliform, and BOD bathing standard
Eastern Yamuna canal
TAJEWALA BARRAGEYAMUNANAGAR
PANIPAT
SONEPAT
WAZIRABAD BARRAGENIZAMUDDIN BARRAGE
OKHLA BARRAGE
MAJHAWALI
MATHURA
AGRA
ATESHWAR
ETAWAHUDI
AURIYA/JUHIKHAALLAHABAD
Banas river
Chambal river
Sind riv
erBetw
a rive
r
Dha
san
river
Ken
river
Ganga riverY a m
u n a r I v e r
N
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Zero dilution
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Faecal coliform counts
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Delhi’s 22 drains
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Already Rs 55-75 crore per km has been spent in Delhi stretch. YAP-II will add Rs 25 crore per km.
Costly plans
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
No dissolved oxygen
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Faecal coliform counts
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Problem: Learn from Yamuna STPs plants built but not used
Where there is sewage, there’s no STPs Where there’s STPs, there’s no sewage!
Treated mixed with untreated effluent (‘legal’ waste of rich mixed with “illegal waste” of poor)
All effluent (treated & untreated) discharged into drain. Leads to river. No improvement in water quality
No longer can the river dilute waste (no assimilative capacity)
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
DELHI Per capita availability 211 lpcd
2011 Master plan targets 363 lpcd
Cities want more. All cities plan to increase water availability to meet needs.
Policies focus only on supply
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
The water-waste-pollution link Cost of treatment depends on the amount of water used
6250
20000
200
640
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
60 lpcd 200 lpcdWater supply
Pop
ulat
ion
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
in R
s
Population catered by 1 mld plantPer capita capital cost
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Who pollutes the Yamuna? The rich or the poor?
• Generates 10-30 mld waste (40 to 135 lpcd water supply); • 0.3 to 0.9 per cent of Delhi’s waste
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Change water-waste paradigm Reduce water use. Minimise waste.
Treat all sewage (no ‘illegal waste’) from open & closed drains
Treat sewage as close to source as possible (treat residual waste in drains at point of drainage into river)
Reuse and recycle treated water.
Rich must pay more for their water-waste.
Make existing facilities more efficient (before more “hardware”)
Keep treated and untreated water unmixed - reduce treatment cost
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Waste sums
● We generate: 33, 212 mld of sewage.
● We have the capacity to treat: 6,190 mld of sewage.
● We actually treat: 4,469 mld of sewage
(72 per cent).
● Therefore: 28,743 mld of sewage not treated.
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Waste sums
● Annual cost of treatment of 6,190 mld sewage is Rs 135 - 677 crore.● Capital costs to build STPs= Rs 7,566 crore - Rs 16,753 crore.
Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi
Source: Planning CommissionNote: Outlays shown are Central plus State investments at current prices
Money will never be enough
Investment on water-sanitation (as percentages of total plan outlay)