ritchie's fabulae faciles _ a first lati - francis ritchie

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RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES

A FIRST LATIN READER

EDITED WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY

( J?A C?P65A% KR#65A%, Jr. Professor of Latin in The Phillips Exeter Academy

THE LITTLE THAT IS MINE IN THIS LITTLE BOOK I GRATEFULLY

DEDICATE TO PROFESSOR JOSEPH HETHERINGTON M'DANIELSTEACHER AND FRIEND

PREFACE

/o$e ti$e ago a "ellowBteacher brought the Fabulae Faciles to $y notice, and have since

used two o" the$ each year with $y class o" beginners in 6atin with increasing appreciation.ndeed, !now nothing better to introduce the student into the reading o" connected narrative, andto bridge the great gul" between the beginner's boo! o" the prevailing type and the 6atinity o"



can draw upon the copious e-ercises prepared by r. Ritchie and published separately under thetitle !mitati"e Exercises in Easy Latin Prose. n the reading o" proo" have had generous help "ro$ %r. F.K. all o" #he Phillips -eter5cade$y, r. J.C. Flood o" /t. ar!'s /chool, and r. 5.#. %udley o" Aoble and Greenough's/chool, oston. #he proo"Bsheets have been used with the beginner's class in this 5cade$y, and have thus been able to pro"it by the criticis$ o" $y associate r. G.. Rogers, and to test the wor!

$ysel". #he assistance o" $y wi"e has greatly lightened the labor o" veri"ying the vocabulary. J?A C. KR#65A%, Jr. H#R, A.., 2 arch, 018>.

CONTENTS

THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. THE MYTHS IN ART. INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

PERSEUS. HERCULES. THE ARGONAUTS. ULYSSES. NOTES. VOCABULARY.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

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THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

PERSEUS

awthorne, A #onder-$oo%& The 'or(on)s *ead . Kingsley, The *eroes& Perseus. Co-, Tales of Ancient 'reece& +edusa, anae, Perseus, Andromeda,

A%risios. Francillon, 'ods and *eroes& The Ad"entures of Perseus. Kingsley, Andromeda. *illia$ orris, The Earthly Paradise& The oom of in( Acrisius. 6ewis orris, The Epic of *ades& Andromeda.

%owden, Andromeda. /helley, .n the +edusa of Leonardo da /inci. %. G. Rossetti, Aspecta +edusa.



HERCULES

awthorne, A #onder-$oo%& The Three 'olden Apples. Co-, Tales of Ancient 'reece& The Toils of *era%les. Francillon, 'ods and *eroes& The *ero of *eroes. *illia$ orris, The Earthly Paradise& The 'olden Apples. 6ewis orris, The Epic of *ades& eianeira. 6ang's translation o" #heocritus, !dyls --iv, --v.

THE ARGONAUTS

5pollonius o" Rhodes, The Tale of the Ar(onauts, translated by *ay. %.?./. 6owell, 0ason)s 1uest . awthorne, Tan(le2ood Tales& The 'olden Fleece. Kingsley, The *eroes& The Ar(onauts. Co-, Tales of Ancient 'reece& Phrixos and *elle, +edeia. Church, *eroes and in(s& The 3tory of the 3hip Ar(o. Francillon, 'ods and *eroes& The 'olden Fleece. *illia$ orris, The Life and eath of 0ason. ayard #aylor, *ylas. John %yer, The Fleece. 6ang's translation o" #heocritus, several o" the !dyls.

ULYSSES

o$er, The .dyssey, translated by ryant Iverse, *illia$ orris Iverse, Pal$er Iprose, utcher and 6ang Iprose. 6a$b, The Ad"entures of 4lysses. awthorne, Tan(le2ood Tales& 5irce)s Palace. Co-, Tales of Ancient 'reece& The Lotos-Eaters, .dysseus and Polyphemos,

.dysseus and ir%6 . Church, 3tories from *omer& The 5yclops, The !sland of Aeolus, 5irc6 . #ennyson, The Lotos-Eaters. atthew 5rnold, The 3trayed 7e"eler . %obson, The Prayer of the 32ine to 5irce.

THE MYTHS IN ART

urneBJones, Perseus and the 'raeae. Caravaggio, *ead of +edusa. 6eonardo da +inci, *ead of +edusa.



Canova, Perseus. envenuto Cellini, Perseus, and Perseus sa"in( Andromeda. Piero di Cosi$o, Perseus and Andromeda. Charles 5ntoine Coypel, Perseus and Andromeda. %o$enichino, Perseus and Andromeda. Rubens, Perseus and Andromeda.

Giovanni da ologna, *ercules and the 5entaur . andinelli, *ercules and 5acus. Guido Reni, e8anira and the 5entaur 9essus. Canova, *ercules and Lichas. /ichel, +edea. Genelli, 0ason and +edea capturin( the 'olden Fleece. urneBJones, 5irce. 6. Chalon, 5irce and the 5ompanions of 4lysses. Rivire, 5irce and the 5ompanions of 4lysses.

Photographs and lanternBslides o" all the wor!s $entioned above $ay be obtained o" the

/oule 5rt Co$pany, oston. #he list $ight have been $ade $uch longer, but it see$ed li!ely to prove $ost help"ul i" li$ited to wor!s o" which reproductions are so easily obtainable. For thetreat$ent o" the $yths in ancient art, the teacher is re"erred to the nu$erous pertinent illustrationsin au$eister's en%m:ler des %lassischen Altertums, or the sa$e editor's $ilder aus dem

(riechischen und rmischen Altertum f<r 3ch<ler , the latter o" which contains the cuts o" the largerwor!, and is so cheap and so use"ul that it ought to lie on the des! o" every teacher o" Gree! or6atin.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

#he Fabulae Faciles, or 'asy /tories.' are "our Gree! $yths retold in 6atin, not by a Ro$anwriter, however, but by an nglish$an, who believed that they would a""ord interesting and

pleasant reading "or young "ol!s who were just beginning the study o" the 6atin language. y $ythis $eant an i$aginative tale that has been handed down by tradition "ro$ re$ote antiDuityconcerning supernatural beings and events. /uch tales are co$$on a$ong all pri$itive peoples,and are by the$ accepted as true. #hey owe their origin to no single author, but grow up as theuntutored i$agination strives to e-plain to itsel" the operations o" nature and the $ysteries o" li"e,or a$uses itsel" with stories o" the brave e-ploits o" heroic ancestors. #he $ost beauti"ul and delight"ul o" all $yths are those that have co$e down to us in there$ains o" the literature and the art o" ancient Greece and Ro$e they are also the $ost i$portant tous, "or $any o" the great $asterpieces o" nglish literature and o" $odern art have been inspired bythe$ and cannot be understood and appreciated by one ignorant o" classical $ythology. ?" this $ythology the Fabulae Faciles give but a s$all part. " you wish to !now $ore o"the subject, you should read Gayley's The 5lassic +yths in En(lish Literature, Guerber's +yths of

'reece and 7ome, or the boo!s by Kingsiey, Co-, Church, and Francillon $entioned earlier.

PERSEUS

Acrisius, an ancient %in( of Ar(os, had been 2arned by an oracle that he should perish bythe hand of his (randson= .n disco"erin(, therefore, that his dau(hter anae had (i"en birth to a

son, Acrisius endea"ored to escape his fate by settin( both mother and child adrift on the sea= They



2ere sa"ed, ho2e"er, by the help of 0upiter; and Perseus, the child, (re2 up at the court of

Polydectes, %in( of 3eriphos, an island in the Ae(ean 3ea= .n reachin( manhood, Perseus 2as sent

by Polydectes to fetch the head of +edusa, one of the 'or(ons= This dan(erous tas% he

accomplished 2ith the help of Apollo and +iner"a, and on his 2ay home he rescued Andromeda,

dau(hter of 5epheus, from a sea-monster= Perseus then married Andromeda, and li"ed some time in

the country of 5epheus= At len(th he returned to 3erīphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by

sho2in( him the 'or(on)s head; he then 2ent to the court of Acrisius, 2ho fled in terror at the ne2sof his (randson)s return= The oracle 2as duly fulfilled, for Acrisius 2as accidentally %illed by a

>uoit thro2n by Perseus.

1. THE ARK

aec nLrrantur L poMtNs dM PerseO. Perseus "Nlius erat ovis, $L-i$N deOru$ avus Mius5crisius appellLbLtur. 5crisius volMbat Perseu$ nepOte$ suu$ necLre na$ propter OrLculu$

pueru$ ti$Mbat. Co$prehendit igitur Perseu$ adhc in"ante$, et cu$ $Ltre in arcL lNgneL inclsit.

#u$ arca$ ipsa$ in $are coniMcit. %anaM, PerseN $Lter, $Lgnopere territa est te$pestLs eni$$Lgna $are turbLbat. Perseus aute$ in sin $Ltris dor$iMbat.

2. JUPITER SAVES HIS SON

uppiter ta$en haec o$nia vNdit, et "Nliu$ suu$ servLre cOnstituit. #ranDuillu$ igitur "Mcit$are, et arca$ ad Nnsula$ /erNphu$ perd-it. ius Nnsulae PolydectMs tu$ rM- erat. PostDua$arca ad lNtus appulsa est, %anaM in harMnL DuiMte$ capiMbat. Post breve te$pus L piscLtOre DuOda$reperta est, et ad do$u$ rMgis Polydectis adducta est. lle $Ltre$ et pueru$ benNgnM e-cMpit, et iNssMde$ tta$ in "Nnibus suNs dedit. %anaM hOc dOnu$ libenter accMpit, et prO tantO bene"iciO rMgNgrLtiLs Mgit.

3. PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS

Perseus igitur $ultOs annOs ibi habitLbat, et cu$ $Ltre suL vNta$ beLta$ agMbat. 5tPolydectMs %anaMn $Lgnopere a$Lbat, atDue ea$ in $Ltri$Oniu$ dcere volMbat. Oc ta$encOnsiliu$ PerseO $ini$M grLtu$ erat. PolydectMs igitur Perseu$ dN$ittere cOnstituit. #u$ iuvene$ad sM vocLvit et haec dN-it4 &#urpe est hanc NgnLva$ vNta$ agere ia$ ddu$ t adulMscMns es. QuOsDue hNc $anMbis #e$pus est ar$a capere et virtte$ praestLre. inc abN, et caput edsae $ihi

re"er.&

4. PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT

Perseus ubi haec audNvit, e- NnsulL discessit, et postDua$ ad continente$ vMnit, edsa$DuaesNvit. %i "rstrL DuaerMbat na$Due nLtra$ locN NgnOrLbat. #ande$ 5pollO et inerva via$dM$OnstrLvMrunt. PrN$u$ ad GraeLs, sorOrMs edsae, pervMnit. 5b hNs tLlLria et galea$ $agica$accMpit. 5pollO aute$ et inerva "alce$ et speculu$ dedMrunt. #u$ postDua$ tLlLria pedibusinduit, in Lera ascendit. %i per Lcra volLbat tande$ ta$en ad eu$ locu$ vMnit ubi edsa cu$

cMterNs Gorgonibus habitLbat. GorgonMs aute$ $Onstra erant speciM horribilN capita eni$ eLru$anguibus o$nNnO contMcta erant. ans etia$ e- aere "actae erant.



5. THE GORGON'S HEAD

RMs di""icilli$a erat caput Gorgonis abscNdere Mius eni$ cOnspect ho$ines in sa-u$vertMbantur. Propter hanc causa$ inerva speculu$ PerseO dederat. lle igitur tergu$ vertit, et inspeculu$ NnspiciMbat hOc $odO ad locu$ vMnit ubi edsa dor$iMbat. #u$ "alce suL caput MiusnO Nct abscNdit. CMterae GorgonMs stati$ M so$nO e-citLtae sunt, et ubi re$ vNdMrunt, NrLco$$Otae sunt. 5r$a rapuMrunt, et Perseu$ occNdere volMbant. lle aute$ du$ "ugit, galea$$agica$ induit et ubi hOc "Mcit, stati$ M cOnspect eLru$ MvLsit.

6. THE SEA-SERPENT

Post haec Perseus in "NnNs 5ethiopu$ vMnit. bi CMpheus DuNda$ illO te$pore rMgnLbat. Nc Aeptnu$, $aris deu$, Oli$ o""enderat Aeptnus aute$ $Onstru$ saevissi$u$ $Nserat. OccottNdiM M $arN veniMbat et ho$inMs dMvorLbat. ?b hanc causa$ pavor ani$Os o$niu$ occupLverat.

CMpheus igitur OrLculu$ deN a$$Onis cOnsuluit, atDue L deO issus est "Nlia$ $OnstrO trLdere.Mius aute$ "Nlia, no$ine 5ndro$eda, virgO "Or$Osissi$a erat. CMpheus ubi haec audNvit, $Lgnu$dolOre$ percMpit. +olMbat ta$en cNvNs suOs M tantO perNculO e-trahere, atDue ob ea$ causa$i$perLta a$$Onis "acere cOnstituit.

7. A HUMAN SACRIFICE

#u$ rM- die$ certa$ dN-it et o$nia parLvit. @bi ea diMs vMnit, 5ndro$eda ad lNtus dMductaest, et in cOnspect o$niu$ ad rpe$ adligLta est. ?$nMs "Ltu$ Mius dMplOrLbant, nec lacri$Ls

tenMbant. 5t subitO, du$ $Onstru$ e-spectant, Perseus accurrit et ubi lacri$Ls vNdit, causa$dolOris Duaerit. llN re$ tOta$ e-pOnunt et puella$ dM$Onstrant. %u$ haec geruntur, "re$itusterribilis audNtur si$ul $Onstru$ horribilN speciM procul cOnspicitur. Mius cOnspectus ti$Ore$$L-i$u$ o$nibus iniMcit. Onstru$ $LgnL celeritLte ad lNtus contendit, ia$Due ad locu$appropinDuLbat ubi puella stLbat.

. THE RESCUE

5t Perseus ubi haec vNdit, gladiu$ suu$ Md-it, et postDua$ tLlLria induit, in Lera sublLtus

est. #u$ dMsuper in $Onstru$ i$petu$ subitO "Mcit, et gladiO suO collu$ Mius graviter vulnerLvit.Onstru$ ubi sMnsit vulnus, "re$itu$ horribile$ Mdidit, et sine $orL tOtu$ corpus in aDua$$ersit. Perseus du$ circu$ lNtus volat, reditu$ Mius e-spectLbat. are aute$ intereL undiDuesanguine Nn"icitur. Post breve te$pus bMlua rrsus caput sustulit $o- ta$en L PerseO Nct graviOrevulnerLta est. #u$ iteru$ sM in undLs $ersit, neDue posteL vNsa est.

!. THE REWARD OF VALOR

Perseus postDua$ ad lNtus dMscendit, prN$u$ tLlLria e-uit tu$ ad rpe$ vMnit ubi

5ndro$eda vincta erat. a aute$ o$ne$ spe$ saltis dMposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrOre paene e-ani$Lta erat. lle vNncula stati$ solvit, et puella$ patrN reddidit. CMpheus ob hanc re$$L-i$O gaudiO ad"ectus est. erita$ grLtia$ prO tantO bene"iciO PerseO rettulit praetereL5ndro$eda$ ipsa$ eN in $Ltri$Oniu$ dedit. lle libenter hOc dOnu$ accMpit et puella$ d-it.



PaucOs annOs cu$ u-Ore suL in eL regiOne habitLbat, et in $LgnO honOre erat apud o$nNs5ethiopMs. Lgnopere ta$en $Ltre$ sua$ rrsus vidMre cupiMbat. #ande$ igitur cu$ u-Ore suL MrMgnO CMpheN discessit.

"#. POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE

PostDua$ Perseus ad Nnsula$ nLve$ appulit, sM ad locu$ contulit ubi $Lter Oli$habitLverat, sed do$u$ invMnit vacua$ et o$nNnO dMserta$. #rNs diMs per tOta$ Nnsula$ $Ltre$DuaerMbat tande$ DuartO diM ad te$plu$ %iLnae pervMnit. c %anaM re"gerat, Duod Polydecte$ti$Mbat. Perseus ubi haec cOgnOvit, NrL $LgnL co$$Otus est ad rMgia$ Polydectis sine $orLcontendit, et ubi eO vMnit, stati$ in Ltriu$ inrpit. PolydectMs $LgnO ti$Ore ad"ectus est et "ugerevolMbat. %u$ ta$en ille "ugit, Perseus caput edsae $OnstrLvit ille aute$ si$ul atDue hOc vNdit,in sa-u$ versus est.

II. THE ORACLE FULFILLED

Post haec Perseus cu$ u-Ore suL ad urbe$ 5crisN rediit. lle aute$ ubi Perseu$ vNdit,$LgnO terrOre ad"ectus est na$ propter OrLculu$ istud nepOte$ suu$ adhc ti$Mbat. n#hessalia$ igitur ad urbe$ 6LrNsa$ stati$ re"git, "rstrL ta$en neDue eni$ "Ltu$ suu$ vNtLvit.Post paucOs annOs rM- 6LrNsae ldOs $LgnOs "Mcit nntiOs in o$nNs partNs dN$Nserat et die$MdN-erat. ultN e- o$nibus urbibus Graeciae ad ldOs convMnMrunt. pse Perseus inter aliOscertL$en discOru$ iniit. 5t du$ discu$ conicit, avu$ suu$ cLs occNdit 5crisius eni$ interspectLtOrMs Mius certL$inis "orte stLbat.

HERCULES

*ercules, a 'ree% hero celebrated for his (reat stren(th, 2as pursued throu(hout his life by

the hatred of 0uno= #hile yet an infant, he stran(led some serpents sent by the (oddess to destroy

him= urin( his boyhood and youth he performed "arious mar"elous feats of stren(th, and on

reachin( manhood succeeded in deli"erin( the Thebans from the oppression of the +in?ae= !n a fit

of madness sent upon him by 0uno, he sle2 his o2n children; and on consultin( the elphic oracle

as to ho2 he should cleanse himself from this crime, he 2as ordered to submit himself for t2el"e

years to Eurystheus, %in( of Tiryns, and to perform 2hate"er tas%s 2ere appointed him= *ercules

obeyed the oracle, and durin( the t2el"e years of his ser"itude accomplished t2el"e extraordinary feats %no2n as the Labors of *ercules= *is death 2as caused unintentionally by his 2ife e8anira=

*ercules had shot 2ith his poisoned arro2s a centaur named 9essus, 2ho had insulted e8anira=

9essus, before he died, (a"e some of his blood to e8anira, and told her it 2ould act as a charm to

secure her husband)s lo"e= 3ome time after, e8anira 2ishin( to try the charm soa%ed one of her

husband)s (arments in the blood, not %no2in( that it 2as poisoned= *ercules put on the robe, and

after sufferin( terrible torments died, or 2as carried off by his father 0upiter .

12. THE HATRED OF JUNO

erculMs, 5lc$Mnae "Nlius, Oli$ in GraeciL habitLbat. Nc o$niu$ ho$inu$ validissi$us"uisse dNcitur. 5t nO, rMgNna deOru$, 5lc$Mna$ Oderat et ercule$ adhc Nn"ante$ necLre voluit.Nsit igitur duLs serpentNs saevissi$Ls hae $ediL nocte in cubiculu$ 5lc$Mnae vMnMrunt, ubi



erculMs cu$ "rLtre suO dor$iMbat. Aec ta$en in cnNs, sed in sctO $LgnO cubLbant. /erpentMsia$ appropinDuLverant et sctu$ $ovMbant itaDue puerN M so$nO e-citLtN sunt.

"3. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS

NphiclMs, "rLter erculis, $LgnL vOce e-clL$Lvit sed erculMs ipse, "ortissi$us puer,haudDuLDua$ territus est. ParvNs $anibus serpentNs stati$ prehendit, et colla eLru$ $LgnL vNco$pressit. #LlN $odO serpentMs L puerO inter"ectae sunt. 5lc$Mna aute$, $Lter puerOru$,clL$Ore$ audNverat, et $arNtu$ suu$ M so$nO e-citLverat. lle l$en accendit et gladiu$ suu$rapuit tu$ ad puerOs properLbat, sed ubi ad locu$ vMnit, re$ $Nra$ vNdit, erculMs eni$ rNdMbat etserpentNs $ortuLs $OnstrLbat.

"4. THE MUSIC-LESSON

erculMs L puerO corpus suu$ dNligenter e-ercMbat $Lgna$ parte$ diMN in palaestrLcOns$Mbat didicit etia$ arcu$ intendere et tMla conicere. Ns e-ercitLtiOnibus vNrMs MiuscOn"Nr$Ltae sunt. n $sicL etia$ L 6inO centaurO MrudiMbLtur IcentaurN aute$ eDuN erant sed caputho$inis habMbant huic ta$en artN $inus dNligenter studMbat. Nc 6inus ercule$ Oli$ obirgLbat,Duod nOn studiOsus erat tu$ puer NrLtus cithara$ subitO rapuit, et o$nibus vNribus caput $agistrN

Nn"MlNcis percussit. lle Nct prOstrLtus est, et paulO post M vNtL e-cessit, neDue DuisDua$ posteL ido""iciu$ suscipere voluit.

"5. HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE

%M ercule haec etia$ inter alia nLrrantur. Oli$ du$ iter "acit, in "NnNs 5egyptiOru$ vMnit.bi rM- DuNda$, nO$ine sNris, illO te$pore rMgnLbat hNc aute$ vir crdMlissi$us ho$inMsi$$olLre cOnsuMverat. ercule$ igitur corripuit et in vincula coniMcit. #u$ nntiOs dN$Nsit et die$sacri"iciO MdN-it. o- ea diMs appetMbat, et o$nia rNte parLta sunt. ans erculis catMnNs "erreNsvinctae sunt, et $ola salsa in caput Mius Nnspersa est. Os eni$ erat apud antNDuOs sale$ et "Lrcapitibus victi$Lru$ i$pOnere. a$ victi$a ad Lra$ stLbat ia$ sacerdOs cultru$ s$pserat./ubitO ta$en erculMs $LgnO cOnLt vincula perrpit tu$ Nct sacerdOte$ prOstrLvit alterO rMge$ipsu$ occNdit.

"6. A CRUEL DEED

erculMs ia$ adulMscMns #hMbNs habitLbat. RM- #hMbLru$, vir NgnLvus, CreOn appellLbLtur.inyae, gMns bellicOsissi$a, #hMbLnNs "Nniti$N erant. 6MgLtN aute$ L inyNs ad #hMbLnOs DuotannNs$ittMbantur hN #hMbLs veniMbant et centu$ bovMs postulLbant. #hMbLnN eni$ Oli$ L inyNs superLtNerant tribta igitur rMgN inyLru$ DuotannNs pendMbant. 5t erculMs cNvNs suOs hOc stNpendiOlNberLre cOnstituit lMgLtOs igitur co$prehendit, atDue aurNs eOru$ abscNdit. 6MgLtN aute$ apudo$nNs gentNs sLnctN habentur.

"7. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE

rgNnus, rM- inyLru$, ob haec vehe$enter NrLtus stati$ cu$ o$nibus cOpiNs in "NnNs



#hMbLnOru$ contendit. CreOn adventu$ Mius per e-plOrLtOrMs cOgnOvit. pse ta$en pgnLre nOluit,na$ $LgnO ti$Ore ad"ectus erat #hMbLnN igitur ercule$ i$perLtOre$ creLvMrunt. lle nntiOs ino$nNs partNs dN$Nsit, et cOpiLs coMgit tu$ pro-i$O diM cu$ $LgnO e-ercit pro"ectus est. 6ocu$idOneu$ dMlMgit et acie$ Nnstr-it. #u$ #hMbLnN M superiOre locO i$petu$ in hostNs "McMrunt. llNaute$ i$petu$ sustinMre nOn potuMrunt itaDue aciMs hostiu$ pulsa est atDue in "uga$ conversa.

". MADNESS AND MURDER

Post hOc proeliu$ erculMs cOpiLs suLs ad urbe$ red-it. ?$nMs #hMbLnN propter victOria$$L-i$M gaudMbant CreOn aute$ $LgnNs honOribus ercule$ decorLvit, atDue "Nlia$ sua$ eN in$Ltri$Oniu$ dedit. erculMs cu$ u-Ore suL beLta$ vNta$ agMbat sed post paucOs annOs subitO in"urOre$ incidit, atDue lNberOs suOs ipse suL $an occNdit. Post breve te$pus ad sLnitLte$ reductusest, et propter hOc "acinus $LgnO dolOre ad"ectus est $o- e- urbe e""git et in silvLs sM recMpit.

AOlMbant eni$ cNvMs ser$One$ cu$ eO habMre.

"!. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE

erculMs tantu$ scelus e-piLre $Lgnopere cupiMbat. COnstituit igitur ad OrLculu$%elphicu$ Nre hOc eni$ OrLculu$ erat o$niu$ celeberri$u$. bi te$plu$ erat 5pollinis plri$NsdOnNs OrnLtu$. Oc in te$plO sedMbat "M$ina Duaeda$, nO$ine PSthia et cOnsiliu$ dabat iNs DuN adOrLculu$ veniMbant. aec aute$ "M$ina ab ipsO 5polline docMbLtur, et voluntLte$ deN ho$inibusMnntiLbat. erculMs igitur, DuN 5polline$ praecipuM colMbat, hc vMnit. #u$ re$ tOta$ e-posuit,neDue scelus cMlLvit.

2#. THE ORACLE'S REPLY

@bi erculMs "Nne$ "Mcit, PSthia prN$O tacMbat tande$ ta$en iussit eu$ ad urbe$ #Nryntha Nre, et urystheN rMgis o$nia i$perLta "acere. erculMs ubi haec audNvit, ad urbe$ illa$ contendit,et urystheO rMgN sM in servitte$ trLdidit. %uodeci$ annOs crdMlissi$O urystheO serviMbat, etduodeci$ labOrMs, DuOs ille i$perLverat, cOn"Mcit hOc eni$ nO $odO tantu$ scelus e-piLrN potuit.%M hNs labOribus plri$a L poMtNs scrNpta sunt. ulta ta$en Duae poMtae nLrrant vi- crMdibilia sunt.

2". FIRST LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION

PrN$u$ ab urystheO issus est erculMs leOne$ occNdere DuN illO te$pore valle$ Ae$eaea$ reddMbat Nn"Msta$. n silvLs igitur in Duibus leO habitLbat stati$ sM contulit. o- "era$vNdit, et arcu$, Due$ sMcu$ attulerat, intendit Mius ta$en pelle$, Duae dMnsissi$a erat, trLicerenOn potuit. #u$ clLvL $LgnL Dua$ se$per gerMbat leOne$ percussit, "rstrL ta$en neDue eni$ hOc$odO eu$ occNdere potuit. #u$ dM$u$ collu$ $OnstrN bracchiNs suNs co$ple-us est et "aucNs Miuso$nibus vNribus co$pressit. Oc $odO leO brevN te$pore e-ani$Ltus est nlla eni$ respNrandN"acultLs eN dabLtur. #u$ erculMs cadLver ad oppidu$ in u$erNs rettulit et pelle$, Dua$ dMtrL-erat,

posteL prO veste gerMbat. ?$nMs aute$ DuN ea$ regiOne$ incolMbant, ubi "L$a$ dM $orte leOnisaccMpMrunt, vehe$enter gaudMbant et ercule$ $LgnO honOre habMbant.



22. SECOND LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA

PaulO post issus est ab urystheO ydra$ necLre. Oc aute$ $Onstru$ erat cui nove$erant capita. erculMs igitur cu$ a$NcO olLO pro"ectus est ad palde$ 6ernaea$, in DuL ydrahabitLbat. o- $Onstru$ invMnit, et Dua$Dua$ rMs erat $LgnN perNculN, collu$ Mius sinistrL

prehendit. #u$ de-trL capita nove$ abscNdere coepit DuotiMns ta$en hOc "Mcerat, nova capitae-oriMbantur. %i "rstrL labOrLbat tande$ hOc cOnLt dMstitit. %einde arborMs succNdere et Ngne$accendere cOnstituit. Oc celeriter "Mcit, et postDua$ lNgna Ngne$ co$prehendMrunt, "ace Lrdentecolla adssit, unde capita e-oriMbantur. Aec ta$en sine $LgnO labOre haec "Mcit vMnit eni$ au-iliOydrae cancer ingMns, DuN, du$ erculMs capita abscNdit, crra Mius $ordMbat. PostDua$ $Onstru$tLlN $odO inter"Mcit, sagittLs suLs sanguine Mius i$buit, itaDue $orti"erLs reddidit.

23. THIRD LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG

PostDua$ urystheO caedMs ydrae nntiLta est, $Lgnus ti$or ani$u$ Mius occupLvit.ussit igitur ercule$ cervu$ Duenda$ ad sM re"erre nOluit eni$ viru$ tantae audLciae in urberetinMre. Nc aute$ cervus, cius cornua aurea "uisse trLduntur, incrMdibilN "uit celeritLte. erculMsigitur prN$O vestNgiNs eu$ in silvL perseDuMbLtur deinde ubi cervu$ ipsu$ vNdit, o$nibus vNribuscurrere coepit. sDue ad vesperu$ currMbat, neDue nocturnu$ te$pus sibi ad DuiMte$ relinDuMbat,"rstrL ta$en nllO eni$ $odO cervu$ cOnseDuN poterat. #ande$ postDua$ tOtu$ annu$cucurrerat Iita trLditur, cervu$ curs e-ani$Ltu$ cMpit, et vNvu$ ad urystheu$ rettulit.

24. FOURTH LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR

#u$ vMrO issus est erculMs apru$ Duenda$ capere DuN illO te$pore agrOs ry$anthiOsvLstLbat et incolLs hius regiOnis $Lgnopere terrMbat. erculMs re$ suscMpit et in 5rcadia$

pro"ectus est. PostDua$ in silva$ paulu$ prOgressus est, aprO occurrit. lle aute$ si$ul atDueercule$ vNdit, stati$ re"git et ti$Ore perterritus in alta$ "ossa$ sM prOiMcit. erculMs igiturlaDueu$ Due$ attulerat iniMcit, et su$$L cu$ di""icultLte apru$ M "ossL e-trL-it. lle etsN "ortiterrepgnLbat, nllO $odO sM lNberLre potuit et ab ercule ad urystheu$ vNvus relLtus est.

25. HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE

%M DuartO labOre, Due$ suprL nLrrLvi$us, haec etia$ trLduntur. erculMs du$ iter in5rcadia$ "acit, ad ea$ regiOne$ vMnit Dua$ centaurN incolMbant. Cu$ no- ia$ appeteret, adspMlunca$ dMvertit in DuL centaurus DuNda$, nO$ine Pholus, habitLbat. lle ercule$ benNgnM e-cMpit et cMna$ parLvit. 5t erculMs postDua$ cMnLvit, vNnu$ LPholO postulLvit. rat aute$ in spMluncL $Lgna a$phora vNnO opti$O replMta, Dua$ centaurN ibidMposuerant. Pholus igitur hOc vNnu$ dare nOlMbat, Duod reliDuOs centaurOs ti$Mbat nllu$ ta$envNnu$ praeter hOc in spMluncL habMbat. &Oc vNnu$,& inDuit, &$ihi co$$issu$ est. /N igitur hOcdabO, centaurN $M inter"icient.& erculMs ta$en eu$ inrNsit, et ipse pOculu$ vNnN dM a$phorL hausit.

26. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS

/i$ul atDue a$phora aperta est, odor icundissi$us undiDue di""sus est vNnu$ eni$



suLvissi$u$ erat. CentaurN nOtu$ odOre$ sMnsMrunt et o$nMs ad locu$ convMnMrunt. @bi ad spMlunca$ pervMnMrunt, $Lgnopere NrLtN erant Duod ercule$ bibente$ vNdMrunt.#u$ ar$a rapuMrunt et Pholu$ inter"icere volMbant. erculMs ta$en in adit spMluncae cOnstitit eti$petu$ eOru$ "ortissi$M sustinMbat. FacMs LrdentNs in eOs coniMcit $ultOs etia$ sagittNs suNsvulnerLvit. ae aute$ sagittae eaede$ erant Duae sanguine ydrae Oli$ i$btae erant. ?$nMsigitur DuOs ille sagittNs vulnerLverat venMnO stati$ abs$ptN sunt reliDuN aute$ ubi hOc vNdMrunt,

terga vertMrunt et "ugL salte$ petiMrunt.

27. THE FATE OF PHOLUS

PostDua$ reliDuN "gMrunt, Pholus e- spMluncL Mgressus est, et corpora spectLbat eOru$ DuNsagittNs inter"ectN erant. Lgnopere aute$ $NrLtus est Duod ta$ levN vulnere e-ani$LtN erant, etcausa$ Mius reN DuaerMbat. 5diit igitur locu$ ubi cadLver ciusda$ centaurN iacMbat, et sagitta$ Mvulnere trL-it. aec ta$en sNve cLs sNve cOnsiliO deOru$ M $anibus Mius lapsa est, et pede$ levitervulnerLvit. lle e-te$plO dolOre$ grave$ per o$nia $e$bra sMnsit, et post breve te$pus vN venMnN

e-ani$Ltus est. o- erculMs, DuN reliDuOs centaurOs sectus erat, ad spMlunca$ rediit, et $LgnOcu$ dolOre Pholu$ $ortuu$ vNdit. ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns corpus a$NcN ad sepultra$ dedit tu$, postDua$ alteru$ pOculu$ vNnN e-hausit, so$nO sM dedit.

2. FIFTH LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES

%einde urystheus erculN hunc labOre$ graviOre$ i$posuit. 5ugMLs DuNda$, DuN illOte$pore rMgnu$ in Mlide obtinMbat, tria $Nlia bou$ habMbat. N in stabulO ingentis $LgnitdinisincldMbantur. /tabulu$ aute$ inluviM ac sDuLlOre erat obsitu$, neDue eni$ ad hOc te$pusu$Dua$ prgLtu$ erat. Oc erculMs intrL spatiu$ nNus diMN prgLre issus est. lle, etsN rMs erat$ultae operae, negOtiu$ suscMpit. PrN$u$ $LgnO labOre "ossa$ duodMvNgintN pedu$ d-it, perDua$ "l$inis aDua$ dM $ontibus ad $ru$ stabulN perd-it. #u$ postDua$ $ru$ perrpit,aDua$ in stabulu$ i$$Nsit et tLlN $odO contrL opNniOne$ o$niu$ opus cOn"Mcit.

2!. SIXTH LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS

Post paucOs diMs erculMs ad oppidu$ /ty$phLlu$ iter "Mcit i$perLverat eni$ eNurystheus ut avNs /ty$phLlidMs necLret. ae avMs rOstra aMnea habMbant et carne ho$inu$vMscMbantur. lle postDua$ ad locu$ pervMnit, lacu$ vNdit in hOc aute$ lac, DuN nOn procul erat ab

oppidO, avMs habitLbant. Alla ta$en dabLtur appropinDuandN "acultLs lacus eni$ nOn e- aDuL sedM lN$O cOnstitit. erculMs igitur neDue pedibus neDue lintre prOgredN potuit. lle cu$ $Lgna$ parte$ diMN "rstrL cOns$psisset, hOc cOnLt dMstitit et ad +olcLnu$ sMcontulit, ut au-iliu$ ab eO peteret. +olcLnus IDuN ab "abrNs $L-i$M colMbLtur crepundia Duae ipsee- aere "abricLtus erat erculN dedit. Ns erculMs ta$ Lcre$ crepitu$ "Mcit ut avMs perterritaeLvolLrent. lle aute$, du$ Lvolant, $Lgnu$ nu$eru$ eLru$ sagittNs trLns"N-it.

3#. SEVENTH LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL

#u$ urystheus erculN i$perLvit ut tauru$ Duenda$ "erOcissi$u$ e- NnsulL CrMtL vNvu$re"erret. lle igitur nLve$ cOnscendit, et cu$ ventus idOneus esset, stati$ solvit. Cu$ ta$en Nnsulaeia$ appropinDuLret, tanta te$pestLs subitO coorta est ut nLvis cursu$ tenMre nOn posset. #antus



aute$ ti$or ani$Os nautLru$ occupLvit ut paene o$ne$ spe$ saltis dMpOnerent. erculMs ta$en,etsN nLvigandN i$perNtus erat, haudDuLDua$ territus est. Post breve te$pus su$$a tranDuillitLs cOnsecta est, et nautae, DuN sM e- ti$Ore ia$recMperant, nLve$ incolu$e$ ad terra$ appulMrunt. erculMs M nLvN Mgressus est, et cu$ ad rMge$CrMtae vMnisset, causa$ veniendN docuit. %einde, postDua$ o$nia parLta sunt, ad ea$ regiOne$contendit Dua$ taurus vLstLbat. o- tauru$ vNdit, et Dua$Dua$ rMs erat $LgnN perNculN, cornua

Mius prehendit. #u$, cu$ ingentN labOre $Onstru$ ad nLve$ trL-isset, cu$ praedL in Graecia$rediit.

3". EIGHTH LABOR: THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE

PostDua$ e- NnsulL CrMtL rediit, erculMs ab urystheO in #hrLcia$ $issus est, ut eDuOs%io$Mdis redceret. N eDuN carne ho$inu$ vMscMbantur %io$MdMs aute$, vir crdMlissi$us, illNsobiciMbat peregrNnOs o$nNs DuN in ea$ regiOne$ vMnerant. erculMs igitur $LgnL celeritLte in#hrLcia$ contendit et ab %io$Mde postulLvit ut eDuN sibi trLderentur. Cu$ ta$en ille hOc "acere

nOllet, erculMs NrL co$$Otus rMge$ inter"Mcit et cadLver Mius eDuNs obicN iussit. ta $Nra rMru$ co$$tLtiO "acta est is eni$ DuN anteL $ultOs cu$ cruciLt necLverat ipseeOde$ suppliciO necLtus est. Cu$ haec nntiLta essent, o$nMs DuN ea$ regiOne$ incolMbant$L-i$L laetitiL ad"ectN sunt et erculN $erita$ grLtia$ re"erMbant. AOn $odo $L-i$Ns honOribus et

prae$iNs eu$ decorLvMrunt sed OrLbant etia$ ut rMgnu$ ipse susciperet. lle ta$en hOc "acerenOlMbat, et cu$ ad $are rediisset, nLve$ occupLvit. @bi o$nia ad nLvigandu$ parLta sunt, eDuOs innLvN conlocLvit deinde, cu$ idOnea$ te$pestLte$ nactus esset, sine $orL M port solvit, et paulO

post eDuOs in lNtus 5rgolicu$ e-posuit.

32. NINTH LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE

GMns 5$Lonu$ dNcitur o$nNnO e- $ulieribus cOnstitisse. ae su$$a$ scientia$ reN$NlitLris habMbant, et tanta$ virtte$ adhibMbant ut cu$ virNs proeliu$ co$$ittere audMrent.ippolytM, 5$Lonu$ rMgNna, balteu$ habuit celeberri$u$ Due$ Lrs eN dederat. 5d$Mta aute$,urystheN "Nlia, "L$a$ dM hOc balteO accMperat et eu$ possidMre vehe$enter cupiMbat. urystheusigitur erculN $andLvit ut cOpiLs cOgeret et bellu$ 5$Lonibus Nn"erret. lle nntiOs in o$nNs partNsdN$Nsit, et cu$ $Lgna $ultitdO convMnisset, eOs dMlMgit DuN $L-i$u$ su$ in rM $NlitLrNhabMbant.

33. THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED

Ns virNs erculMs persuLsit, postDua$ causa$ itineris e-posuit, ut sMcu$ iter "acerent. #u$cu$ iNs Duibus persuLserat nLve$ cOnscendit, et cu$ ventus idOneus esset, post paucOs diMs adOstiu$ "l$inis #her$Odontis appulit. PostDua$ in "NnNs 5$Lonu$ vMnit, nntiu$ ad ippolyta$$Nsit, DuN causa$ veniendN docMret et balteu$ pOsceret. psa ippolytM balteu$ trLdere volMbat,Duod dM erculis virtte "L$a$ accMperat reliDuae ta$en 5$LonMs eN persuLsMrunt ut negLret. 5terculMs, cu$ haec nntiLta essent, bellN "ortna$ te$ptLre cOnstituit. Pro-i$O igitur diM cu$ cOpiLs Md-isset, locu$ idOneu$ dMlMgit et hostNs ad pgna$MvocLvit. 5$LonMs DuoDue cOpiLs suLs e- castrNs Md-Mrunt et nOn $LgnO intervLllO ab erculeacie$ Nnstr-Mrunt.



34. THE BATTLE

Pals erat nOn $Lgna inter duo e-ercits neutrN ta$en initiu$ trLnseundN "acere volMbant.#ande$ erculMs sNgnu$ dedit, et ubi palde$ trLnsiit, proeliu$ co$$Nsit. 5$LonMs i$petu$ virOru$ "ortissi$M sustinuMrunt, et contrL opNniOne$ o$niu$ tanta$virtte$ praestitMrunt ut $ultOs eOru$ occNderint, $ultOs etia$ in "uga$ coniMcerint. +irN eni$novO genere pgnae perturbLbantur nec $Lgna$ virtte$ praestLbant. erculMs aute$ cu$ haecvidMret, dM suNs "ortnNs dMspMrLre coepit. NlitMs igitur vehe$enter cohortLtus est ut prNstinaevirttis $e$oria$ retinMrent neu tantu$ dMdecus ad$itterent, hostiu$Due i$petu$ "ortitersustinMrent Duibus verbNs ani$Os o$niu$ ita MrM-it ut $ultN etia$ DuN vulneribus cOn"ectN essent

proeliu$ sine $orL redintegrLrent.

35. THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAONS

%i et Lcriter pgnLtu$ est tande$ ta$en ad sOlis occLsu$ tanta co$$tLtiO rMru$ "actaest ut $ulierMs terga verterent et "ugL salte$ peterent. ultae aute$ vulneribus dM"essae du$"ugiunt captae sunt, in DuO nu$erO ipsa erat ippolytM. erculMs su$$a$ clM$entia$ praestitit, et

postDua$ balteu$ accMpit, lNbertLte$ o$nibus captNvNs dedit. #u$ vMrO sociOs ad $are red-it, etDuod nOn $ultu$ aestLtis supererat, in Graecia$ pro"icNscN $LtrLvit. ALve$ igitur cOnscendit, ette$pestLte$ idOnea$ nactus stati$ solvit anteDua$ ta$en in Graecia$ pervMnit, ad urbe$ #rOia$nLve$ appellere cOnstituit, "r$entu$ eni$ Duod sMcu$ habMbat ia$ dM"icere coeperat.

36. LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER

6Lo$edOn DuNda$ illO te$pore rMgnu$ #rOiae obtinMbat. 5d hunc Aeptnus et 5pollO annOsuperiOre vMnerant, et cu$ #rOia nOndu$ $oenia habMret, ad hOc opus au-iliu$ obtulerant.PostDua$ ta$en hOru$ au-iliO $oenia cOn"ecta sunt, nOlMbat 6Lo$edOn prae$iu$ Duod

prOposuerat persolvere. Aeptnus igitur et 5pollO ob hanc causa$ NrLtN $Onstru$ Duodda$ $NsMrunt speciMhorribilN, Duod cottNdiM M $arN veniMbat et ho$ines pecudMsDue vorLbat. #rOiLnN aute$ ti$Ore

perterritN in urbe continMbantur, et pecora o$nia e- agrNs intrL $rOs co$pulerant. 6Lo$edOn hNsrMbus co$$Otus OrLculu$ cOnsuluit, ac deus eN praecMpit ut "ilia$ Msione$ $OnstrO obiceret.

37. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE

6Lo$edOn, cu$ hOc respOnsu$ renntiLtu$ esset, $Lgnu$ dolOre$ percMpit sed ta$en, utcNvNs suOs tantO perNculO lNberLret, OrLculO pLrMre cOnstituit et die$ sacri"iciO dN-it. /ed sNve cLssNve cOnsiliO deOru$ erculMs te$pore opportnissi$O #rOia$ attigit ipsO eni$ te$poris punctODuO puella catMnNs vincta ad lNtus dMdcMbLtur ille nLve$ appulit. erculMs M nLvN Mgressus dM rMbusDuae gerMbantur certior "actus est tu$ NrL co$$Otus ad rMge$ sM contulit et au-iliu$ suu$ obtulit.Cu$ rM- libenter eN concessisset ut, sN posset, puella$ lNberLret, erculMs $Onstru$ inter"Mcit et

puella$, Duae ia$ o$ne$ spe$ saltis dMposuerat, incolu$e$ ad patre$ red-it. 6Lo$edOn$LgnO cu$ gaudiO "Nlia$ sua$ accMpit, et erculN prO tantO bene"iciO $erita$ grLtia$ rettulit.



3. TENTH LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON

#u$ vMrO $issus est erculMs ad Nnsula$ rythNa$, ut bovMs GMryonis arcesseret. RMs eratsu$$ae di""icultLtis, Duod bovMs L DuOda$ urytiOne et L cane bicipite custOdiMbantur. pse aute$GMryOn specie$ horribile$ praebMbat tria eni$ corpora inter sM conincta habMbat. erculMs ta$enetsN intellegMbat Duantu$ perNculu$ esset, negOtiu$ suscMpit ac postDua$ per $ultLs terrLs iter"Mcit, ad ea$ parte$ 6ibyae pervMnit Duae urOpae pro-i$a est. bi in utrODue lNtore "retN DuodurOpa$ L 6ibyL dNvidit colu$nLs cOnstituit, Duae posteL erculis Colu$nae appellLbantur.

3!. THE GOLDEN SHIP

%u$ hNc $orLtur, erculMs $Lgnu$ inco$$odu$ e- calOre sOlis accipiMbat tande$ igitur NrL co$$Otus arcu$ suu$ intendit et sOle$ sagittNs petiit. /Ol ta$en audLcia$ virN tantu$ad$NrLtus est ut lintre$ aurea$ eN dederit. erculMs hOc dOnu$ libentissi$M accMpit, nlla$ eni$

nLve$ in hNs regiOnibus invenNre potuerat. #u$ lintre$ dMd-it, et ventu$ nactus idOneu$ post breve te$pus ad Nnsula$ pervMnit. @bi e- incolNs cOgnOvit DuO in locO bovMs essent, in ea$ parte$stati$ pro"ectus est et L rMge GMryone postulLvit ut bovMs sibi trLderentur. Cu$ ta$en ille hOc"acere nOllet, erculMs et rMge$ ipsu$ et urytiOne$, DuN erat ingentN $Lgnitdine corporis,inter"Mcit.

4#. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM

#u$ erculMs bovMs per ispLnia$ et 6iguria$ co$pellere cOnstituit postDua$ igitur

o$nia parLta sunt, bovMs e- NnsulL ad continente$ trLnsportLvit. 6igurMs aute$, gMns bellicOsissi$a, du$ ille per "NnNs eOru$ iter "acit, $LgnLs cOpiLs coMgMrunt atDue eu$ longius prOgredN prohibMbant. erculMs $Lgna$ di""icultLte$ habMbat, barbarN eni$ in locNs superiOribuscOnstiterant et sa-a tMlaDue in eu$ coniciMbant. lle Duide$ paene o$ne$ spe$ saltis dMposuerat,sed te$pore opportnissi$O uppiter i$bre$ lapidu$ ingentiu$ M caelO dM$Nsit. N tantL vNcecidMrunt ut $Lgnu$ nu$eru$ 6iguru$ occNderint ipse ta$en erculMs Iut in tLlibus rMbusaccidere cOnsuMvit nihil inco$$odN cMpit.

4". THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS

PostDua$ 6igurMs hOc $odO superLtN sunt, erculMs Dua$ celerri$M prOgressus est et post paucOs diMs ad 5lpNs pervMnit. Aecesse erat hLs trLnsNre, ut in Ntalia$ bovMs ageret rMs ta$ensu$$ae erat di""icultLtis. N eni$ $ontMs, DuN lteriOre$ L citeriOre GalliL dNvidunt, nive perennNsunt tMctN Dua$ ob causa$ neDue "r$entu$ neDue pLbulu$ in hNs regiOnibus invenNrN potest.erculMs igitur anteDua$ ascendere coepit, $Lgna$ cOpia$ "r$entN et pLbulN co$parLvit et hOcco$$eLt bovMs onerLvit. PostDua$ in hNs rMbus trNs diMs cOns$pserat, DuartO diM pro"ectus est, etcontrL o$niu$ opNniOne$ bovMs incolu$Ns in Ntalia$ trLd-it.

42. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN

revN te$pore ad "l$en #iberi$ vMnit. #u$ ta$en nlla erat urbs in eO locO, RO$a eni$nOndu$ condita erat. erculMs itinere "essus cOnstituit ibi paucOs diMs $orLrN, ut sM e- labOribus



recreLret. aud procul L valle ubi bovMs pLscMbantur spMlunca erat, in DuL CLcus, horribile$Onstru$, tu$ habitLbat. Nc specie$ terribile$ praebMbat, nOn $odo Duod ingentN $Lgnitdinecorporis erat, sed Duod Ngne$ e- Ore e-spNrLbat. CLcus aute$ dM advent erculis "L$a$ accMperatnoct igitur vMnit, et du$ erculMs dor$it, Duattuor pulcherri$Oru$ bou$ abripuit. Os caudNs inspMlunca$ trL-it, nM erculMs M vestNgiNs cOgnOscere posset DuO in locO cMlLtN essent.

43. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT

PosterO diM si$ul atDue M so$nO e-citLtus est, erculMs "rtu$ ani$advertit et bovMsL$issOs o$nibus locNs DuaerMbat. Os ta$en nsDua$ reperNre poterat, nOn $odo Duod locNnLtra$ NgnOrLbat, sed Duod vestNgiNs "alsNs dMceptus est. #ande$ cu$ $Lgna$ parte$ diMN "rstrLcOns$psisset, cu$ reliDuNs bObus prOgredN cOnstituit. 5t du$ pro"icNscN parat, nus M bObus DuOssMcu$ habuit $gNre coepit. /ubitO iN DuN in spMluncL inclsN erant $gNtu$ reddidMrunt, et hOc$odO ercule$ certiOre$ "McMrunt DuO in locO cMlLtN essent. lle vehe$enter NrLtus ad spMlunca$Dua$ celerri$M sM contulit, ut praeda$ reciperet. 5t CLcus sa-u$ ingMns ita dMiMcerat ut aditus

spMluncae o$nNnO obstruerMtur.

44. HERCULES AND CACUS

erculMs cu$ nllu$ aliu$ introitu$ reperNre posset, hOc sa-u$ L$ovMre cOnLtus est, sed propter Mius $Lgnitdine$ rMs erat di""icilli$a. %i "rstrL labOrLbat neDue DuicDua$ e""icere poterat tande$ ta$en $LgnO cOnLt sa-u$ L$Ovit et spMlunca$ pate"Mcit. bi L$issOs bovMs$LgnO cu$ gaudiO cOnspM-it sed CLcu$ ipsu$ vi- cernere potuit, Duod spMlunca replMta erat "$ODue$ ille $Ore suO Mvo$Mbat. erculMs insitLtL speciM turbLtus breve te$pus haesitLbat $o-ta$en in spMlunca$ inrpit et collu$ $OnstrN bracchiNs co$ple-us est. lle etsN $ultu$ repgnLvit,nllO $odO sM lNberLre potuit, et cu$ nlla "acultLs respNrandN darMtur, $o- e-ani$Ltus est.

45. ELEVENTH LABOR: THE GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES

urystheus postDua$ bovMs GMryonis accMpit, labOre$ ndeci$u$ erculN i$posuit,graviOre$ Dua$ DuOs suprL nLrrLvi$us. andLvit eni$ eN ut aurea pO$a e- hortO esperidu$au"erret. esperidMs aute$ ny$phae erant Duaeda$ "Or$L praestantissi$L, Duae in terrL longinDuLhabitLbant, et Duibus aurea Duaeda$ pO$a L nOne co$$issa erant. ultN ho$inMs aurN cupiditLteinductN haec pO$a au"erre ia$ anteL cOnLtN erant. RMs ta$en di""icilli$a erat, na$Due hortus in DuO

pO$a erant $rO ingentN undiDue circu$datus erat praetereL dracO DuNda$ cui centu$ erant capita porta$ hortN dNligenter custOdiMbat. ?pus igitur Duod urystheus erculN i$perLverat erat su$$aedi""icultLtis, nOn $odo ob causLs DuLs $e$orLvi$us, sed etia$ Duod erculMs o$nNnO NgnOrLbatDuO in locO hortus ille situs esset.

!". HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS

erculMs Dua$Dua$ DuiMte$ vehe$enter cupiMbat, ta$en urystheO pLrMre cOnstituit, etsi$ul ac issa Mius accMpit, pro"icNscN $LtrLvit. L $ultNs $ercLtOribus DuaesNverat DuO in locO

esperidMs habitLrent, nihil ta$en certu$ reperNre potuerat. FrstrL per $ultLs terrLs iter "Mcit et$ulta perNcula subiit tande$, cu$ in hNs itineribus tOtu$ annu$ cOns$psisset, ad e-trM$a$

parte$ orbis terrLru$, Duae pro-i$a est OceanO, pervMnit. Nc stLbat vir DuNda$, no$ine 5tlLs,



ingentN $Lgnitdine corporis, DuN caelu$ Iita trLditu$ est u$erNs suNs sustinMbat, nM in terra$dMcideret. erculMs tantLs vNrNs $Lgnopere $NrLtus stati$ in conloDuiu$ cu$ 5tlante vMnit, et cu$causa$ itineris docuisset, au-iliu$ ab eO petiit.

47. HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS

5tlLs aute$ erculN $L-i$M prOdesse potuit ille eni$ cu$ ipse esset pater esperidu$,certO scNvit DuO in locO esset hortus. PostDua$ igitur audNvit Dua$ ob causa$ erculMs vMnisset,&pse,& inDuit, &ad hortu$ NbO et "NliLbus $eNs persuLdMbO ut pO$a suL sponte trLdant.& erculMscu$ haec audNret, $Lgnopere gLvNsus est vi$ eni$ adhibMre nOluit, sN rMs aliter "ierN posset.COnstituit igitur oblLtu$ au-iliu$ accipere. 5tlLs ta$en postulLvit ut, du$ ipse abesset, erculMscaelu$ u$erNs sustinMret. Oc aute$ negOtiu$ erculMs libenter suscMpit, et Dua$Dua$ rMs eratsu$$N labOris, tOtu$ pondus caelN continuOs co$plrNs diMs sOlus sustinMbat.

4. THE RETURN OF ATLAS

5tlLs intereL abierat et ad hortu$ esperidu$, DuN pauca $Nlia passuu$ aberat, sM Dua$celerri$M contulerat. O cu$ vMnisset, causa$ veniendN e-posuit et "NliLs suLs vehe$enter hortLtusest ut pO$a trLderent. llae di haerMbant nOlMbant eni$ hOc "acere, Duod ab ipsL nOne Iita ut antedictu$ est hOc $nus accMpissent. 5tlLs ta$en aliDuandO iNs persuLsit ut sibi pLrMrent, et pO$a adercule$ rettulit. erculMs intereL cu$ plrNs diMs e-spectLvisset neDue lla$ "L$a$ dM redit5tlantis accMpisset, hLc $orL graviter co$$Otus est. #ande$ DuNntO diM 5tlante$ vNdit redeunte$,et $o- $LgnO cu$ gaudiO pO$a accMpit tu$, postDua$ grLtiLs prO tantO bene"iciO Mgit, adGraecia$ pro"icNscN $LtrLvit.

4!. TWELFTH LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG

PostDua$ aurea pO$a ad urystheu$ relLta sunt, nus $odo relinDuMbLtur M duodeci$labOribus DuOs PSthia erculN praecMperat. urystheus aute$ cu$ ercule$ $Lgnopere ti$Mret,eu$ in aliDue$ locu$ $ittere volMbat unde nu$Dua$ redNre posset. AegOtiu$ igitur eN dedit utcane$ Cerberu$ e- ?rcO in lce$ traheret. Oc opus o$niu$ di""icilli$u$ erat, nM$O eni$u$Dua$ e- ?rcO redierat. PraetereL Cerberus iste $Onstru$ erat horribilN speciM, cui tria erantcapita serpentibus saevNs cincta. 5nteDua$ ta$en dM hOc labOre nLrrL$us, nOn aliMnu$ vidMtur,Duonia$ dM ?rcO $entiOne$ "Mci$us, pauca dM eL regiOne prOpOnere.

5#. CHARON'S FERRY

%M ?rcO, DuN Nde$ LdMs appellLbLtur, haec trLduntur. @t DuisDue dM vNtL dMcesserat, $LnMsMius ad ?rcu$, sMde$ $ortuOru$, L deO ercuriO dMdcMbantur. ius regiOnis, Duae sub terrL"uisse dNcitur, rM- erat PltO, cui u-or erat PrOserpina, ovis et Cereris "Nlia. LnMs igitur L ercuriOdMductN prN$u$ ad rNpa$ veniMbant /tygis "l$inis, DuO rMgnu$ PltOnis continMtur. Oc trLnsNrenecesse erat anteDua$ in ?rcu$ venNre possent. Cu$ ta$en in hOc "l$ine nllus pOns "actus esset,$LnMs trLnsvehMbantur L Charonte DuOda$, DuN cu$ parvL scaphL ad rNpa$ e-spectLbat. CharOn

prO hOc o""iciO $ercMde$ postulLbat, neDue Due$Dua$, nisi hOc prae$iu$ prius dedisset,trLnsvehere volMbat. Qua$ ob causa$ $Os erat apud antNDuOs nu$$u$ in Ore $ortuN pOnere eOcOnsiliO, ut cu$ ad /tyge$ vMnisset, pretiu$ trLiects solvere posset. N aute$ DuN post $orte$ in



terrL nOn sepultN erant /tyge$ trLnsNre nOn potuMrunt, sed in rNpL per centu$ annOs errLre coLctNsunt tu$ dM$u$ ?rcu$ intrLre licuit.

5". THE REALM OF PLUTO

@t aute$ $LnMs /tyge$ hOc $odO trLnsierant, ad alteru$ veniMbant "l$en, Duod 6MthMappellLbLtur. - hOc "l$ine aDua$ bibere cOgMbantur Duod cu$ "Mcissent, rMs o$nNs in vNtL gestLsM $e$oriL dMpOnMbant. %MniDue ad sMde$ ipsNus PltOnis veniMbant, cius introitus L cane CerberOcustOdiMbLtur. bi PltO nigrO vestNt indtus cu$ u-Ore PrOserpinL in soliO sedMbat. /tLbant etia$nOn procul ab eO locO tria alia solia, in Duibus sedMbant NnOs, Rhada$anthus, 5eacusDue, idicMsapud Nn"erOs. N $ortuNs is dNcMbant et prae$ia poenLsDue cOnstituMbant. onN eni$ in Ca$pOsMlysiOs, sMde$ beLtOru$, veniMbant i$probN aute$ in #artaru$ $ittMbantur ac $ultNs et variNssuppliciNs ibi e-cruciLbantur.

52. HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX

erculMs postDua$ i$peria urystheN accMpit, in 6acOnia$ ad #aenaru$ stati$ sM contulitibi eni$ spMlunca erat ingentN $Lgnitdine, per Dua$, ut trLdMbLtur, ho$inMs ad ?rcu$dMscendMbant. O cu$ vMnisset, e- incolNs DuaesNvit DuO in locO spMlunca illa sita esset Duod cu$cOgnOvisset, sine $orL dMscendere cOnstituit. Aec ta$en sOlus hOc iter "aciMbat, ercurius eni$ etinerva sM eN sociOs adin-erant. @bi ad rNpa$ /tygis vMnit, erculMs scapha$ CharontiscOnscendit, ut ad lteriOre$ rNpa$ trLnsNret. Cu$ ta$en erculMs vir esset ingentN $Lgnitdinecorporis, CharOn solvere nOlMbat $Lgnopere eni$ verMbLtur nM scapha sua tantO pondere onerLta in$ediO "l$ine $ergerMtur. #ande$ ta$en $inNs erculis territus CharOn scapha$ solvit, et eu$incolu$e$ ad lteriOre$ rNpa$ perd-it.

53. THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED

PostDua$ "l$en /tyge$ hOc $odO trLnsiit, erculMs in sMde$ ipsNus PltOnis vMnit et postDua$ causa$ veniendN docuit, ab eO petNvit ut Cerberu$ au"erre sibi licMret. PltO, DuN dMercule "L$a$ accMperat, eu$ benNgnM e-cMpit, et "acultLte$ Dua$ ille petMbat libenter dedit.PostulLvit ta$en ut erculMs ipse, cu$ i$perLta urystheN "Mcisset, Cerberu$ in ?rcu$ rrsusredceret. erculMs hOc pollicitus est, et Cerberu$, Due$ nOn sine $LgnO perNculO $anibus

prehenderat, su$$O cu$ labOre e- ?rcO in lce$ et ad urbe$ urystheN trL-it. O cu$ vMnisset,

tantus ti$or ani$u$ urystheN occupLvit ut e- LtriO stati$ re"gerit cu$ aute$ paulu$ sM e-ti$Ore recMpisset, $ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns obsecrLvit ercule$ ut $Onstru$ sine $orL in ?rcu$redceret. /Nc contrL o$niu$ opNniOne$ duodeci$ illN labOrMs DuOs PSthia praecMperat intrLduodeci$ annOs cOn"ectN sunt Duae cu$ ita essent, erculMs servitte tande$ lNberLtus $LgnO cu$gaudiO #hMbLs rediit.

54. THE CENTAUR NESSUS

PosteL erculMs $ulta alia praeclLra per"Mcit, Duae nunc perscrNbere longu$ est. #ande$

ia$ aetLte prOvectus %MianNra$, ?eneN "Nlia$, in $Ltri$Oniu$ d-it post ta$en trNs annOs acciditut pueru$ Duenda$, cui nO$en erat uno$us, cLs occNderit. Cu$ aute$ $Os esset ut sN Duisho$ine$ cLs occNdisset, in e-siliu$ Nret, erculMs cu$ u-Ore suL M "Nnibus Mius cNvitLtis e-Nre



$LtrLvit. %u$ ta$en iter "aciunt, ad "l$en Duodda$ pervMnMrunt in DuO nllus pOns erat et du$Duaerunt DuOna$ $odO "l$en trLnseant, accurrit centaurus Aessus, DuN viLtOribus au-iliu$ obtulit.erculMs igitur u-Ore$ sua$ in tergu$ AessN i$posuit tu$ ipse "l$en trLnLvit. Aessus aute$

paulu$ in aDua$ prOgressus ad rNpa$ subitO revertMbLtur et %MianNra$ au"erre cOnLbLtur. Quodcu$ ani$advertisset erculMs, NrL graviter co$$Otus arcu$ intendit et pectus AessN sagittLtrLns"N-it.

55. THE POISONED ROBE

Aessus igitur sagittL erculis trLns"N-us $oriMns hu$N iacMbat at nM occLsiOne$ suNulcNscendN dN$itteret, ita loctus est4 &#, %MianNra, verba $orientis audN. /N a$Ore$ $arNtN tuNcOnservLre vNs, hunc sanguine$ DuN nunc M pectore $eO e""unditur s$e ac repOne tu$, sN u$Dua$in suspNciOne$ tibi vMnerit, veste$ $arNtN hOc sanguine Nn"iciMs.& aec loctus Aessus ani$a$e""lLvit %MianNra aute$ nihil $alN suspicLta i$perLta "Mcit. PaulO post erculMs bellu$ contrLurytu$, rMge$ ?echaliae, suscMpit et cu$ rMge$ ipsu$ cu$ "NliNs inter"Mcisset, olMn Mius "Nlia$

captNva$ sMcu$ red-it. 5nteDua$ ta$en do$u$ vMnit, nLve$ ad CMnaeu$ prO$unturiu$ appulit,et in terra$ Mgressus Lra$ cOnstituit, ut ovN sacri"icLret. %u$ ta$en sacri"iciu$ parat, 6icha$co$ite$ suu$ do$u$ $Nsit, DuN veste$ alba$ re"erret $Os eni$ erat apud antNDuOs, du$sacri"icia "acerent, alba$ veste$ gerere. 5t %MianNra verita nM erculMs a$Ore$ ergL olMn habMret,veste$ priusDua$ 6ichae dedit, sanguine AessN Nn"Mcit. :llustration4 RC@6/, A//@/, 5A% %J5AR5=

56. THE DEATH OF HERCULES

erculMs nihil $alN suspicLns veste$ Dua$ 6ichLs attulerat stati$ induit paulO post ta$endolOre$ per o$nia $e$bra sMnsit, et Duae causa esset Mius reN $Lgnopere $irLbLtur. %olOre paenee-ani$Ltus veste$ dMtrahere cOnLtus est illa ta$en in corpore haesit, neDue llO $odO abscindN

potuit. #u$ dM$u$ erculMs Duasi "urOre i$pulsus in $onte$ ?cta$ sM contulit, et in rogu$,Due$ su$$L celeritLte e-str-it, sM i$posuit. Oc cu$ "Mcisset, eOs DuN circu$stLbant OrLvit utrogu$ Dua$ celerri$M succenderent. ?$nMs di recsLbant tande$ ta$en pLstor DuNda$ ad$isericordia$ inductus Ngne$ subdidit. #u$, du$ o$nia "$O obscrantur, erculMs dMnsL nbevMlLtus L ove in ?ly$pu$ abreptus est.

THE ARGONAUTS

The celebrated "oya(e of the Ar(onauts 2as brou(ht about in this 2ay= Pelias had expelled

his brother Aeson from his %in(dom in Thessaly, and had determined to ta%e the life of 0ason, the

son of Aeson= 0ason, ho2e"er, escaped and (re2 up to manhood in another country= At last he

returned to Thessaly; and Pelias, fearin( that he mi(ht attempt to reco"er the %in(dom, sent him to

fetch the 'olden Fleece from 5olchis, supposin( this to be an impossible feat= 0ason 2ith a band of

heroes set sail in the ship Ar(o @called after Ar(us, its builder, and after many ad"entures reached

5olchis= *ere Ae6tes, %in( of 5olchis, 2ho 2as un2illin( to (i"e up the Fleece, set 0ason to

perform 2hat seemed an impossible tas%, namely to plou(h a field 2ith certain fire-breathin( oxen,

and then to so2 it 2ith dra(on)s teeth= +ed6a, ho2e"er, the dau(hter of the %in(, assisted 0ason by

her s%ill in ma(ic, first to perform the tas% appointed, and then to procure the Fleece= 3he then fled2ith 0ason, and to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus= After reachin(

Thessaly, +ed6a caused the death of Pelias and 2as expelled from the country 2ith her husband=



They remo"ed to 5orinth, and here +ed6a becomin( 8ealous of 'lauce, dau(hter of 5reon, caused

her death by means of a poisoned robe= 3he 2as after2ard carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-

(od, and a little later 0ason 2as accidentally %illed .

#$. THE WICKED UNCLE

rant Oli$ in #hessaliL duo "rLtrMs, DuOru$ alter 5esOn, PeliLs alter appellLbLtur. 5esOn prN$O rMgnu$ obtinuerat at post paucOs annOs PeliLs rMgnN cupiditLte adductus nOn $odo "rLtre$suu$ e-pulit, sed etia$ in ani$O habMbat Lsone$, 5esonis "Nliu$, inter"icere. QuNda$ ta$en e-a$NcNs 5esonis, ubi sententia$ Peliae cOgnOvMrunt, pueru$ M tantO perNculO Mripere cOnstituMrunt.

Aoct igitur Lsone$ e- urbe abstulMrunt, et cu$ posterO diM ad rMge$ rediissent, eN renntiLvMrunt pueru$ $ortuu$ esse. PeliLs cu$ hOc audNvisset, etsN rM vMrL $Lgnu$ gaudiu$ percipiMbat,specie$ ta$en dolOris praebuit et Duae causa esset $ortis DuaesNvit. llN aute$ cu$ beneintellegerent dolOre$ Mius "alsu$ esse, nesciO Dua$ "Lbula$ dM $orte puerN "in-Mrunt.

5. A FATEFUL ACCIDENT

Post breve te$pus PeliLs, veritus nM rMgnu$ suu$ tantL vN et "raude occupLtu$ L$itteret,a$Ncu$ Duenda$ %elphOs $Nsit, DuN OrLculu$ cOnsuleret. lle igitur Dua$ celerri$M %elphOs sMcontulit et Dua$ ob causa$ vMnisset dM$OnstrLvit. Respondit OrLculu$ nllu$ esse in praesentiL

perNculu$ $onuit ta$en Pelia$ ut sN Duis nu$ calceu$ gerMns venNret, eu$ cavMret. Post paucNsannNs accidit ut PeliLs $Lgnu$ sacri"iciu$ "actrus esset nntiOs in o$nNs partNs dN$Nserat etcerta$ die$ conveniendN dN-erat. %iM cOnstittL $Lgnus ho$inu$ nu$erus undiDue e- agrNsconvMnit in hNs aute$ vMnit etia$ LsOn, DuN L pueritiL apud centauru$ Duenda$ habitLverat. %u$ta$en iter "acit, nu$ M calceNs in trLnseundO nesciO DuO "l$ine L$Nsit.

5!. THE GOLDEN FLEECE

LsOn igitur cu$ calceu$ L$issu$ nllO $odO recipere posset, nO pede ndO in rMgia$ pervMnit. Que$ cu$ PeliLs vNdisset, subitO ti$Ore ad"ectus est intellM-it eni$ hunc esse ho$ine$Due$ OrLculu$ dM$OnstrLvisset. Oc igitur cOnsiliu$ iniit. RM- erat DuNda$ 5eMtMs, DuN rMgnu$Colchidis illO te$pore obtinMbat. uic co$$issu$ erat vellus illud aureu$ Duod Phri-us Oli$ ibirelNDuerat. COnstituit igitur PeliLs LsonN negOtiu$ dare ut hOc vellere potNrMtur cu$ eni$ rMs esset$LgnN perNculN, eu$ in itinere peritru$ esse spMrLbat. Lsone$ igitur ad sM arcessNvit, et eu$

cohortLtus Duid "ierN vellet docuit. lle etsN intellegMbat re$ esse di""icilli$a$, negOtiu$ libentersuscMpit.

6#. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO

Cu$ ta$en Colchis $ultOru$ diMru$ iter ab eO locO abesset, sOlus LsOn pro"icNscN nOluit.%N$Nsit igitur nntiOs in o$nNs partNs, DuN causa$ itineris docMrent et die$ certa$ conveniendNdNcerent. ntereL, postDua$ o$nia Duae sunt suN ad ar$andLs nLvNs co$portLrN iussit, negOtiu$dedit 5rgO cuida$, DuN su$$a$ scientia$ nauticLru$ rMru$ habMbat, ut nLve$ aedi"icLret. n hNs

rMbus circiter dece$ diMs cOns$ptN sunt 5rgus eni$, DuN operN praeerat, tanta$ dNligentia$adhibMbat ut nM nocturnu$ Duide$ te$pus ad labOre$ inter$itteret. 5d $ultitdine$ ho$inu$trLnsportanda$ nLvis paulO erat lLtior Dua$ Duibus in nostrO $arN tN cOnsuMvi$us, et ad vi$



te$pestLtu$ per"erenda$ tOta M rObore "acta est.

6". THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED

ntereL is diMs appetMbat Due$ LsOn per nntiOs MdN-erat, et e- o$nibus regiOnibus Graeciae$ultN, DuOs aut reN novitLs aut spMs glOriae $ovMbat, undiDue conveniMbant. #rLditu$ est aute$ inhOc nu$erO "uisse ercule$, dM DuO suprL $ulta perscrNpsi$us, ?rpheu$, citharoedu$

praeclLrissi$u$, #hMseu$, Castore$, $ultOsDue aliOs Duoru$ nO$ina sunt nOtissi$a. - hNs LsOnDuOs arbitrLtus est ad o$nia perNcula subeunda parLtissi$Os esse, eOs ad nu$eru$ DuNnDuLgintLdMlMgit et sociOs sibi adin-it tu$ paucOs diMs co$$orLtus, ut ad o$nNs cLss subsidia co$parLret,nLve$ dMd-it, et te$pestLte$ ad nLvigandu$ idOnea$ nactus $LgnO cu$ plaus o$niu$ solvit.

62. A FATAL MISTAKE

aud $ultO post 5rgonautae Iita eni$ appellLbantur DuN in istL nLvN vehMbantur Nnsula$Duanda$, nO$ine Cyicu$, attigMrunt et M nLvN MgressN L rMge illNus regiOnis hospitiO e-ceptN sunt.PaucLs hOrLs ibi co$$orLtN ad sOlis occLsu$ rrsus solvMrunt sed postDua$ pauca $Nlia passuu$

prOgressN sunt, tanta te$pestLs subitO coorta est ut cursu$ tenMre nOn possent, et in eande$ parte$ Nnsulae unde nper pro"ectN erant $LgnO cu$ perNculO dMicerentur. ncolae ta$en, cu$ no- essetobscra, 5rgonautLs nOn LgnOscMbant, et nLve$ ini$Nca$ vMnisse arbitrLtN ar$a rapuMrunt et eOsMgredN prohibMbant. Lcriter in lNtore pgnLtu$ est, et rM- ipse, DuN cu$ aliNs dMcucurrerat, ab5rgonautNs occNsus est. o- ta$en, cu$ ia$ dNlcMsceret, sMnsMrunt incolae sM errLre et ar$aabiMcMrunt 5rgonautae aute$ cu$ rMge$ occNsu$ esse vidMrent, $Lgnu$ dolOre$ percMpMrunt.

63. THE LOSS OF HYLAS

PostrNdiM Mius diMN LsOn te$pestLte$ satis idOnea$ esse arbitrLtus Isu$$a eni$tranDuillitLs ia$ cOnsecta erat, ancorLs sustulit, et pauca $Nlia passuu$ prOgressus ante nocte$Ssia$ attigit. bi paucLs hOrLs in ancorNs e-spectLvit L nautNs eni$ cOgnOverat aDuae cOpia$Dua$ sMcu$ habMrent ia$ dM"icere, Dua$ ob causa$ DuNda$ e- 5rgonautNs in terra$ MgressN aDua$DuaerMbant. Oru$ in nu$erO erat ylLs DuNda$, puer "Or$L praestantissi$L. QuN du$ "onte$Duaerit, L co$itibus paulu$ sMcesserat. Ay$phae aute$ Duae "onte$ colMbant, cu$ iuvene$vNdissent, eN persuLdMre cOnLtae sunt ut sMcu$ $anMret et cu$ ille negLret sM hOc "actru$ esse,

pueru$ vN abstulMrunt.

Co$itMs Mius postDua$ yla$ L$issu$ esse sMnsMrunt, $LgnO dolOre ad"ectN di "rstrLDuaerMbant. erculMs aute$ et PolyphM$us, DuN vestNgia puerN longius sectN erant, ubi tande$ adlNtus rediMrunt, Lsone$ solvisse cOgnOvMrunt.

64. DIFFICULT DINING

Post haec 5rgonautae ad #hrLcia$ cursu$ tenuMrunt, et postDua$ ad oppidu$/al$ydMssu$ nLve$ appulMrunt, in terra$ MgressN sunt. bi cu$ ab incolNs DuaesNssent Duis rMgnu$Mius regiOnis obtinMret, certiOrMs "actN sunt PhNneu$ Duenda$ tu$ rMge$ esse. COgnOvMrunt etia$

hunc caecu$ esse et dNrO DuOda$ suppliciO ad"icN, Duod Oli$ sM crdMlissi$u$ in "NliOs suOs praebuisset. Cius supplicN hOc erat genus. issa erant L ove $Onstra Duaeda$ speciM horribilN,Duae capita virginu$, corpora volucru$ habMbant. ae volucrMs, Duae arpSiae appellLbantur,



PhNneO su$$a$ $olestia$ ad"erMbant DuotiMns eni$ ille accubuerat, veniMbant et cibu$appositu$ stati$ au"erMbant. QuO "actu$ est ut haud $ultu$ abesset DuNn PhNneus "a$M $orerMtur.

65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS

RMs igitur $ale sM habMbat cu$ 5rgonautae nLve$ appulMrunt. PhNneus aute$ si$ul atDueaudNvit eOs in suOs "NnNs MgressOs esse, $Lgnopere gLvNsus est. /ciMbat eni$ Duanta$ opNniOne$virttis 5rgonautae habMrent, nec dubitLbat DuNn sibi au-iliu$ "errent. Antiu$ igitur ad nLve$$Nsit, DuN Lsone$ sociOsDue ad rMgia$ vocLret. O cu$ vMnissent, PhNneus dM$OnstrLvit DuantO in

perNculO suae rMs essent, et prO$Nsit sM $Lgna prae$ia datru$ esse, sN illN re$ediu$ repperissent.5rgonautae negOtiu$ libenter suscMpMrunt, et ubi hOra vMnit, cu$ rMge accubuMrunt at si$ul accMna apposita est, arpSiae cMnLculu$ intrLvMrunt et cibu$ au"erre cOnLbantur. 5rgonautae prN$u$gladiNs volucrMs petiMrunt cu$ ta$en vidMrent hOc nihil prOdesse, TMtMs et Calais, DuN LlNs erant

NnstrctN, in Lera sM sublevLvMrunt, ut dMsuper i$petu$ "acerent. Quod cu$ sMnsissent arpSiae, reNnovitLte perterritae stati$ au"gMrunt, neDue posteL u$Dua$ rediMrunt.

66. THE SYMPLEGADES

Oc "actO PhNneus, ut prO tantO bene"iciO $erita$ grLtia$ re"erret, LsonN dM$OnstrLvit DuLratiOne /y$plMgadMs vNtLre posset. /y$plMgadMs aute$ duae erant rpMs ingentN $Lgnitdine, DuaeL ove positae erant eO cOnsiliO, nM Duis ad Colchida pervenNret. ae parvO intervLllO in $arNnatLbant, et sN Duid in $ediu$ spatiu$ vMnerat, incrMdibilN celeritLte concurrMbant. PostDua$ igiturL PhNneO doctus est Duid "aciendu$ esset, LsOn sublLtNs ancorNs nLve$ solvit, et lMnN ventO

prOvectus $o- ad /y$plMgadMs appropinDuLvit. #u$ in prOrL stLns colu$ba$ Dua$ in $antenMbat M$Nsit. lla rMctL viL per $ediu$ spatiu$ volLvit, et priusDua$ rpMs cOn"lN-Mrunt,incolu$is MvLsit caudL tantu$ L$issL. #u$ rpMs utri$Due discessMrunt anteDua$ ta$en rrsusconcurrerent, 5rgonautae, bene intellegentMs o$ne$ spe$ saltis in celeritLte posita$ esse, su$$LvN rM$Ns contendMrunt et nLve$ incolu$e$ perd-Mrunt. Oc "actO dNs grLtiLs $L-i$Ls MgMrunt,DuOru$ au-iliO M tantO perNculO MreptN essent o$nMs eni$ sciMbant nOn sine au-iliO deOru$ re$ta$ "MlNciter MvMnisse.

67. A HEAVY TASK

revN inter$issO spatiO 5rgonautae ad "l$en PhLsi$ vMnMrunt, Duod in "Nnibus ColchOru$

erat. bi cu$ nLve$ appulissent et in terra$ MgressN essent, stati$ ad rMge$ 5eMte$ sM contulMruntet ab eO postulLvMrunt ut vellus aureu$ sibi trLderMtur. lle cu$ audNvisset Dua$ ob causa$5rgonautae vMnissent, NrL co$$Otus est et di negLbat sM vellus trLditru$ esse. #ande$ ta$en,Duod sciMbat Lsone$ nOn sine au-iliO deOru$ hOc negOtiu$ suscMpisse, $tLtL sententiL prO$NsitsM vellus trLditru$, sN LsOn labOrMs duOs di""icilli$Os prius per"Mcisset et cu$ LsOn dN-isset sM ado$nia perNcula subeunda parLtu$ esse, Duid "ierN vellet ostendit. PrN$u$ iungendN erant duo taurNspeciM horribilN, DuN "la$$Ls e- Ore MdMbant tu$ hNs inctNs ager DuNda$ arandus erat et dentMsdracOnis serendN. Ns audNtNs LsOn etsN re$ esse su$$N perNculN intellegMbat, ta$en, nM hancoccLsiOne$ reN bene gerendae L$itteret, negOtiu$ suscMpit.



6. THE MAGIC OINTMENT

MdMa, rMgis "Nlia, Lsone$ ada$Lvit, et ubi audNvit eu$ tantu$ perNculu$ subitru$ esse,re$ aegrM "erMbat. ntellegMbat eni$ patre$ suu$ hunc labOre$ prOposuisse eO ipsO cOnsiliO, utLsOn $orerMtur. Quae cu$ ita essent, MdMa, Duae su$$a$ scientia$ $edicNnae habMbat, hOccOnsiliu$ iniit. ediL nocte Nnsciente patre e- urbe MvLsit, et postDua$ in $ontNs "Nniti$Os vMnit,herbLs DuLsda$ carpsit tu$ scO e-pressO unguentu$ parLvit Duod vN suL corpus aleret nervOsDuecOn"Nr$Lret. Oc "actO LsonN unguentu$ dedit praecMpit aute$ ut eO diM DuO istN labOrMscOn"iciendN essent corpus suu$ et ar$a $Lne oblineret. LsOn etsN paene o$nibus ho$inibus$Lgnitdine et vNribus corporis antecellMbat IvNta eni$ o$nis in vMnLtiOnibus atDue in studiO reN$NlitLris cOns$MbLtur, ta$en hOc cOnsiliu$ nOn neglegendu$ esse cMnsMbat.

6!. THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH

@bi is diMs vMnit Due$ rM- ad arandu$ agru$ MdN-erat, LsOn ortL lce cu$ sociNs ad locu$cOnstittu$ sM contulit. bi stabulu$ ingMns repperit, in DuO taurN erant inclsN tu$ portNs apertNstaurOs in lce$ trL-it, et su$$L cu$ di""icultLte iugu$ i$posuit. 5t 5eMtMs cu$ vidMret taurOsnihil contrL Lsone$ valMre, $Lgnopere $NrLtus est nesciMbat eni$ "Nlia$ sua$ au-iliu$ eNdedisse. #u$ LsOn o$nibus aspicientibus agru$ arLre coepit, DuL in rM tanta$ dNligentia$ praebuitut ante $erNdie$ tOtu$ opus cOn"Mcerit. Oc "actO ad locu$ ubi rM- sedMbat adiit et dentNs dracOnis

postulLvit DuOs ubi accMpit, in agru$ Due$ arLverat $LgnL cu$ dNligentiL sparsit. Oru$ aute$dentiu$ nLtra erat tLlis ut in eO locO ubi sM$entMs "actae essent virN ar$LtN $NrO DuOda$ $odOgNgnerentur.

7#. A STRANGE CROP

AOndu$ ta$en LsOn tOtu$ opus cOn"Mcerat i$perLverat eni$ eN 5eMtMs ut ar$LtOs virOsDuN M dentibus gNgnerentur sOlus inter"iceret. PostDua$ igitur o$nNs dentNs in agru$ sparsit, LsOnlassitdine e-ani$Ltus DuiMtN sM trLdidit, du$ virN istN gNgnerentur. PaucLs hOrLs dor$iMbat, subvesperu$ ta$en M so$nO subitO e-citLtus re$ ita MvMnisse ut praedictu$ esset cOgnOvit na$ ino$nibus agrN partibus virN ingentN $Lgnitdine corporis gladiNs galeNsDue ar$LtN $Nru$ in $odu$ MterrL oriMbantur. Oc cOgnitO LsOn cOnsiliu$ Duod dedisset MdMa nOn o$ittendu$ esse putLbat./a-u$ igitur ingMns Iita eni$ MdMa praecMperat in $ediOs virOs coniMcit. llN undiDue ad locu$concurrMrunt, et cu$ DuisDue sibi id sa-u$ nesciO cr habMre vellet, $Lgna contrOversia orta est.

o- strictNs gladiNs inter sM pgnLre coepMrunt, et cu$ hOc $odO plri$N occNsN essent, reliDuNvulneribus cOn"ectN L Lsone nllO negOtiO inter"ectN sunt.

7". THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA

RM- 5eMtMs ubi Lsone$ labOre$ prOpositu$ cOn"Mcisse cOgnOvit, NrL graviter co$$Otus estid eni$ per dolu$ "actu$ esse intellegMbat nec dubitLbat DuNn MdMa eN au-iliu$ tulisset. MdMaaute$ cu$ intellegeret sM in $LgnO "ore perNculO sN in rMgiL $anMret, "ugL salte$ petere cOnstituit.?$nibus rMbus igitur ad "uga$ parLtNs $ediL nocte Nnsciente patre cu$ "rLtre 5bsyrtO MvLsit, et

Dua$ celerri$M ad locu$ ubi 5rgO subducta erat sM contulit. O cu$ vMnisset, ad pedMs Lsonis sM prOiMcit, et $ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns eu$ obsecrLvit nM in tantO discrN$ine $uliere$ dMsereret Duae eNtantu$ prO"uisset. lle Duod $e$oriL tenMbat sM per Mius au-iliu$ M $LgnO perNculO MvLsisse,



libenter ea$ e-cMpit, et postDua$ causa$ veniendN audNvit, hortLtus est nM patris Nra$ ti$Mret.PrO$Nsit aute$ sM Dua$ prN$u$ ea$ in nLvN suL Lvectru$.

72. THE SEIURE OF THE FLEECE

PostrNdiM Mius diMN LsOn cu$ sociNs suNs ortL lce nLve$ dMd-it, et te$pestLte$ idOnea$nactN ad eu$ locu$ rM$Ns contendMrunt, DuO in locO MdMa vellus cMlLtu$ esse dM$OnstrLbat. Cu$eO vMnissent, LsOn in terra$ Mgressus est, et sociNs ad $are relictNs, DuN praesidiO nLvN essent, ipsecu$ MdML in silvLs sM contulit. Pauca $Nlia passuu$ per silva$ prOgressus vellus Duod DuaerMbate- arbore suspMnsu$ vNdit. d ta$en au"erre erat su$$ae di""icultLtis nOn $odo eni$ locus ipseMgregiM et nLtrL et arte erat $nNtus, sed etia$ dracO DuNda$ speciM terribilN arbore$ custOdiMbat.#u$ MdMa, Duae, ut suprL dM$OnstrLvi$us, $edicNnae su$$a$ scientia$ habuit, rL$u$ Due$ dMarbore pro-i$L dMripuerat venMnO Nn"Mcit. Oc "actO ad locu$ appropinDuLvit, et dracOne$, DuN"aucibus apertNs Mius adventu$ e-spectLbat, venMnO sparsit deinde, du$ dracO so$nO oppressusdor$it, LsOn vellus aureu$ dM arbore dMripuit et cu$ MdML Dua$ celerri$M pede$ rettulit.

73. THE RETURN TO THE ARGO

%u$ aute$ ea geruntur, 5rgonautae, DuN ad $are relictN erant, Ln-iO ani$O reditu$ Lsonise-spectLbant id eni$ negOtiu$ su$$N esse perNculN intellegMbant. PostDua$ igitur ad occLsu$sOlis "rstrL e-spectLvMrunt, dM Mius salte dMspMrLre coepMrunt, nec dubitLbant DuNn aliDuN cLsusaccidisset. Quae cu$ ita essent, $Ltrandu$ sibi cMnsuMrunt, ut ducN au-iliu$ "errent sed du$

pro"icNscN parant, l$en Duodda$ subitO cOnspiciunt $Nru$ in $odu$ intrL silvLs re"ulgMns, et$Lgnopere $NrLtN Duae causa esset Mius reN ad locu$ concurrunt. QuO cu$ vMnissent, LsonN etMdMae advenientibus occurrMrunt, et vellus aureu$ l$inis Mius causa$ esse cOgnOvMrunt. ?$nNti$Ore sublLtO $LgnO cu$ gaudiO duce$ suu$ e-cMpMrunt, et dNs grLtiLs $L-i$Ls MgMrunt Duod rMsta$ "MlNciter MvMnisset.

74. THE PURSUIT

Ns rMbus gestNs o$nMs sine $orL nLve$ rrsus cOnscendMrunt, et sublLtNs ancorNs prN$LvigiliL solvMrunt neDue eni$ satis ttu$ esse arbitrLtN sunt in eO locO $anMre. 5t rM- 5eMtMs, DuNia$ ante ini$NcO in eOs "uerat ani$O, ubi cOgnOvit "Nlia$ sua$ nOn $odo ad 5rgonautLs sMrecMpisse sed etia$ ad vellus au"erendu$ au-iliu$ tulisse, hOc dolOre gravius e-Lrsit. ALve$

longa$ Dua$ celerri$M dMdcN iussit, et $Nlitibus i$positNs "ugientNs Nnsectus est. 5rgonautae, DuNre$ in discrN$ine esse bene sciMbant, o$nibus vNribus rM$Ns contendMbant cu$ ta$en nLvis DuLvehMbantur ingentN esset $Lgnitdine, nOn eLde$ celeritLte DuL ColchN prOgredN poterant. QuO"actu$ est ut $ini$u$ abesset DuNn L ColchNs seDuentibus caperentur, neDue eni$ longius intereratDua$ DuO tMlu$ adicN posset. 5t MdMa cu$ vNdisset DuO in locO rMs essent, paene o$nN spMdMpositL Nn"andu$ hOc cOnsiliu$ cMpit.

75. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT

rat in nLvN 5rgonautLru$ "Nlius DuNda$ rMgis 5eMtae, nO$ine 5bsyrtus, Due$, ut suprLdM$OnstrLvi$us, MdMa e- urbe "ugiMns sMcu$ abd-erat. unc pueru$ MdMa inter"icerecOnstituit eO cOnsiliO, ut $e$brNs Mius in $are coniectNs cursu$ ColchOru$ i$pedNret certO eni$



sciMbat 5eMte$, cu$ $e$bra "NlN vNdisset, nOn longius prOsectru$ esse. AeDue opNniO MdMa$"e"ellit, o$nia eni$ ita MvMnMrunt ut spMrLverat. 5eMtMs ubi prN$u$ $e$bra vNdit, ad ea conligendanLve$ tenMrN iussit. %u$ ta$en ea geruntur, 5rgonautae nOn inter$issO rM$igandN labOre $o- McOnspect hostiu$ au"erMbantur, neDue prius "ugere dMstitMrunt Dua$ ad "l$en Mridanu$

pervMnMrunt. 5eMtMs nihil sibi prO"utru$ esse arbitrLtus sN longius prOgressus esset, ani$O dM$issOdo$u$ revertit, ut "NlN corpus ad sepultra$ daret.

76. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS

#ande$ post $ulta perNcula LsOn in eunde$ locu$ pervMnit unde pro"ectus erat. #u$ MnLvN Mgressus ad rMge$ Pelia$, DuN rMgnu$ adhc obtinMbat, stati$ sM contulit, et vellere aureO$OnstrLtO ab eO postulLvit ut rMgnu$ sibi trLderMtur PeliLs eni$ pollicitus erat, sN LsOn vellusrettulisset, sM rMgnu$ eN trLditru$. PostDua$ LsOn Duid "ierN vellet ostendit, PeliLs prN$O nihilrespondit, sed di in eLde$ trNstitiL tacitus per$Lnsit tande$ ita loctus est4 &+idMs $M aetLte ia$esse cOn"ectu$, neDue dubiu$ est DuNn diMs suprM$us $ihi appropinDuet. 6iceat igitur $ihi, du$

vNva$, hOc rMgnu$ obtinMre cu$ aute$ tande$ dMcesserO, t $ihi succMdMs.& Lc OrLtiOneadductus LsOn respondit sM id "actru$ Duod ille rogLsset.

77. MAGIC ARTS

Ns rMbus cOgnitNs MdMa re$ aegrM tulit, et rMgnN cupiditLte adducta $orte$ rMgN per dolu$ Nn"erre cOnstituit. Oc cOnstittO ad "NliLs rMgis vMnit atDue ita locta est4 &+idMtis patre$ vestru$aetLte ia$ esse cOn"ectu$ neDue ad labOre$ rMgnandN per"erendu$ satis valMre. +ultisne eu$ rrsusiuvene$ "ierN& #u$ "Nliae rMgis ita respondMrunt4 &Au$ hOc "ierN potest Quis eni$ u$Dua$ M seneiuvenis "actus est& 5t MdMa respondit4 &M $edicNnae su$$a$ habMre scientia$ scNtis. Auncigitur vObis dM$OnstrLbO DuO $odO haec rMs "ierN possit.& PostDua$ "Nne$ loDuendN "Mcit, ariete$aetLte ia$ cOn"ectu$ inter"Mcit et $e$bra Mius in vLse aMneO posuit, atDue NgnN suppositO in aDua$herbLs DuLsda$ in"dit. #u$, du$ aDua e""ervMsceret, car$en $agicu$ cantLbat. o- ariMs M vLsee-siluit et vNribus re"ectNs per agrOs currMbat.

7. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT

%u$ "Nliae rMgis hOc $NrLculu$ stupentMs intuentur, MdMa ita locta est4 &+idMtis Duantu$valeat $edicNna. +Os igitur, sN vultis patre$ vestru$ in adulMscentia$ redcere, id Duod "McN ipsae

"aciMtis. +Os patris $e$bra in vLs conicite ego herbLs $agicLs praebMbO.& Quod ubi audNtu$ est,"Nliae rMgis cOnsiliu$ Duod dedisset MdMa nOn o$ittendu$ putLvMrunt. Patre$ igitur Pelia$necLvMrunt et $e$bra Mius in vLs aMneu$ coniMcMrunt nihil aute$ dubitLbant DuNn hOc $L-i$M eN

prO"utru$ esset. 5t rMs o$nNnO aliter MvMnit ac spMrLverant, MdMa eni$ nOn eLsde$ herbLs deditDuibus ipsa sa erat. taDue postDua$ di "rstrL e-spectLvMrunt, patre$ suu$ rM vMrL $ortuu$ esseintellM-Mrunt. Ns rMbus gestNs MdMa sM cu$ coniuge suO rMgnu$ acceptra$ esse spMrLbat sedcNvMs cu$ intellegerent DuO $odO PeliLs periisset, tantu$ scelus aegrM tulMrunt. taDue Lsone etMdML M rMgnO e-pulsNs 5castu$ rMge$ creLvMrunt.

7!. A FATAL GIFT

LsOn et MdMa M #hessaliL e-pulsN ad urbe$ Corinthu$ vMnMrunt, cius urbis CreOn DuNda$



rMgnu$ tu$ obtinMbat. rat aute$ CreontN "Nlia na, nO$ine GlaucM. Qua$ cu$ vNdisset, LsOncOnstituit MdMae u-OrN suae nntiu$ $ittere eO cOnsiliO, ut GlaucMn in $Ltri$Oniu$ dceret. 5tMdMa ubi intellM-it Duae ille in ani$O habMret, NrL graviter co$$Ota ire irandO cOn"Nr$Lvit sMtanta$ iniria$ ultra$. Oc igitur cOnsiliu$ cMpit. +este$ parLvit su$$L arte te-ta$ et variNscolOribus Nn"ecta$ hanc $orti"erO DuOda$ venMnO tin-it, cius vNs tLlis erat ut sN Duis ea$ veste$induisset, corpus Mius Duasi NgnN rerMtur. Oc "actO veste$ ad GlaucMn $Nsit illa aute$ nihil $alN

suspicLns dOnu$ libenter accMpit, et veste$ nova$ $Ore "M$inLru$ stati$ induit.

#. MEDEA KILLS HER SONS

+i- veste$ induerat GlaucM cu$ dolOre$ grave$ per o$nia $e$bra sMnsit, et paulO postcrdMlN cruciLt ad"ecta M vNtL e-cessit. Ns rMbus gestNs MdMa "urOre atDue L$entiL i$pulsa "NliOssuOs necLvit tu$ $Lgnu$ sibi "ore perNculu$ arbitrLta sN in #hessaliL $anMret, e- eL regiOne"ugere cOnstituit. Oc cOnstittO sOle$ OrLvit ut in tantO perNculO au-iliu$ sibi praebMret. /Ol aute$hNs precibus co$$Otus curru$ $Nsit cui erant inctN dracOnMs LlNs NnstrctN. MdMa nOn o$ittenda$

tanta$ occLsiOne$ arbitrLta curru$ ascendit, itaDue per Lera vecta incolu$is ad urbe$ 5thMnLs pervMnit. LsOn ipse brevN te$pore $NrO $odO occNsus est. 5ccidit sNve cLs sNve cOnsiliO deOru$ utsub u$brL nLvis suae, Duae in lNtus subducta erat, dor$Nret. o- nLvis, Duae adhc MrMcta steterat,in ea$ parte$ ubi LsOn iacMbat subitO dMlapsa viru$ Nn"MlNce$ oppressit. :llustration4 %5 %#5#AG # @R%R ?F R /?A/=

ULYSSES

4lysses, a famous 'ree% hero, too% a prominent part in the lon( sie(e of Troy= After the fall

of the city, he set out 2ith his follo2ers on his home2ard "oya(e to !thaca, an island of 2hich he2as %in(; but bein( dri"en out of his course by northerly 2inds, he 2as compelled to touch at the

country of the Lotus-eaters, 2ho are supposed to ha"e li"ed on the north coast of Africa= 3ome of

his comrades 2ere so deli(hted 2ith the lotus fruit that they 2ished to remain in the country, but

4lysses compelled them to embar% a(ain and continued his "oya(e= *e next came to the island of

3icily, and fell into the hands of the (iant Polyph6mus, one of the 5yclōpes= After se"eral of his

comrades had been %illed by this monster, 4lysses made his escape by strata(em and reached the

country of the 2inds= *ere he recei"ed the help of Aeolus, %in( of the 2inds, and ha"in( set sail

a(ain, arri"ed 2ithin si(ht of !thaca; but o2in( to the folly of his companions, the 2inds became

suddenly ad"erse and he 2as a(ain dri"en bac%= *e then touched at an island 2hich 2as the home

of 5irce, a po2erful enchantress, 2ho exercised her charms on his companions and turned them

into s2ine= $y the help of the (od +ercury, 4lysses not only escaped this fate himself, but also forced 5irce to restore her "ictims to human shape= After stayin( a year 2ith 5irce, he a(ain set out

and e"entually reached his home.

%1. HOMEWARD BOUND

@rbe$ #rOia$ L GraecNs dece$ annOs obsessa$ esse satis cOnstat dM hOc eni$ bellOo$Mrus, $L-i$us poMtLru$ GraecOru$, Nliade$ opus nOtissi$u$ scrNpsit. #rOiL tande$ per

NnsidiLs captL, GraecN longO bellO "essN do$u$ redNre $LtrLvMrunt. ?$nibus rMbus igitur ad

pro"ectiOne$ parLtNs nLvNs dMd-Mrunt, et te$pestLte$ idOnea$ nactN $LgnO cu$ gaudiO solvMrunt.rat inter prN$Os GraecOru$ @li-Ms DuNda$, vir su$$ae virttis ac prdentiae, Due$ dNcuntnOnnllN dolu$ istu$ e-cOgitLsse DuO #rOia$ capta$ esse cOnstat. Nc rMgnu$ Nnsulae thacae



obtinuerat, et paulO anteDua$ cu$ reliDuNs GraecNs ad bellu$ pro"ectus est, puella$"Or$Osissi$a$, nO$ine PMnelopMn, in $Ltri$Oniu$ d-erat. Aunc igitur cu$ ia$ dece$ annOsDuasi in e-siliO cOns$psisset, $LgnL cupiditLte patriae et u-Oris videndae LrdMbat.

2. THE LOTUS-EATERS

PostDua$ ta$en pauca $Nlia passuu$ L lNtore #rOiae progressN sunt, tanta te$pestLs subitOcoorta est ut nlla nLviu$ cursu$ tenMre posset, sed aliae aliLs in partNs disicerentur. ALvis aute$DuL ipse @li-Ms vehMbLtur vN te$pestLtis ad $erNdie$ dMlLta deci$O diM ad lNtus 6ibyae appulsa est.5ncorNs iactNs @li-Ms cOnstituit nOnnllOs M sociNs in terra$ e-pOnere, DuN aDua$ ad nLve$ re"errentet DuLlis esset nLtra Mius regiOnis cOgnOscerent. N igitur M nLvN MgressN i$perLta "acere parLbant.%u$ ta$en "onte$ Duaerunt, Duibusda$ e- incolNs obvia$ "actN ab iNs hospitiO acceptN sunt. 5cciditaute$ ut $Lior pars vNcts eOru$ ho$inu$ in $NrO DuOda$ "rct Due$ lOtu$ appellLbantcOnsisteret. Qua$ cu$ GraecN gustLssent, patriae et sociOru$ stati$ oblNtN cOn"Nr$LvMrunt sMse$per in eL terrL $LnsrOs, ut dulcN illO cibO in perpetuu$ vMscerentur.

3. THE RESCUE

@li-Ms cu$ ab hOrL septi$L ad vesperu$ e-spectLsset, veritus nM sociN suN in perNculOversLrentur, nOnnllOs M reliDuNs $Nsit, ut Duae causa esset $orae cOgnOscerent. N igitur in terra$e-positN ad vNcu$ DuN nOn longM aberat sM contulMrunt DuO cu$ vMnissent, sociOs suOs Duasi vNnOMbriOs repperMrunt. #u$ ubi causa$ veniendN docuMrunt, iNs persuLdMre cOnLbantur ut sMcu$ adnLve$ redNrent. llN ta$en resistere ac $an sM dM"endere coepMrunt, saepe clL$itantMs sM nu$Dua$e- eO locO abitrOs. Quae cu$ ita essent, nntiN rM Nn"ectL ad @li-e$ rediMrunt. Ns rMbus cOgnitNsipse cu$ o$nibus DuN in nLvN relictN erant ad locu$ vMnit et sociOs suOs "rstrL hortLtus ut suLsponte redNrent, $anibus eOru$ post terga vinctNs invNtOs ad nLve$ reportLvit. #u$ ancorNs sublLtNsDua$ celerri$M M port solvit.

4. THE ONE-EYED GIANT

PostDua$ eL tOtL nocte rM$Ns contendMrunt, postrNdiM ad terra$ NgnOta$ nLve$ appulMrunt.#u$, Duod nLtra$ Mius regiOnis NgnOrLbat, ipse @li-Ms cu$ duodeci$ M sociNs in terra$ Mgressusloca e-plOrLre cOnstituit. Paulu$ L lNtore prOgressN ad spMlunca$ ingente$ pervMnMrunt, Dua$habitLrN sMnsMrunt Mius eni$ introitu$ et nLtrL locN et $an $nNtu$ esse ani$advertMrunt. o-,

etsN intellegMbant sM nOn sine perNculO id "actrOs, spMlunca$ intrLvMrunt Duod cu$ "Mcissent,$Lgna$ cOpia$ lactis in vLsNs ingentibus condita$ invMnMrunt. %u$ ta$en $Nrantur Duis in eLsMde habitLret, sonitu$ terribile$ audNvMrunt, et oculNs ad porta$ tortNs $Onstru$ horribilevNdMrunt, h$LnL Duide$ speciM et "igrL, sed ingentN $Lgnitdine corporis. Cu$ aute$ani$advertissent $Onstru$ nu$ oculu$ tantu$ habMre in $ediL "ronte positu$, intellM-Mrunthunc esse nu$ M CyclOpibus, dM Duibus "L$a$ ia$ accMperant.

5. THE GIANT'S SUPPER

CyclOpMs aute$ pLstOrMs erant DuNda$ DuN Nnsula$ /icilia$ et praecipuM $onte$ 5etna$incolMbant ibi eni$ +olcLnus, praeses "abrOru$ et Ngnis repertor, cius servN CyclOpMs erant,o""icNna$ sua$ habMbat.



GraecN igitur si$ul ac $Onstru$ vNdMrunt, terrOre paene e-ani$LtN in interiOre$ parte$spMluncae re"gMrunt et sM ibi abdere cOnLbantur. PolyphM$us aute$ IsNc eni$ CyclOpsappellLbLtur pecus suu$ in spMlunca$ co$pulit deinde, cu$ sa-O ingentN porta$ obstr-isset,

Ngne$ in $ediL spMluncL "Mcit. Oc "actO, oculO o$nia perlstrLbat, et cu$ sMnsisset ho$inMs ininteriOre parte spMluncae esse abditOs, $LgnL vOce e-clL$Lvit4 &QuN ho$inMs estis ercLtOrMs anlatrOnMs& #u$ @li-Ms respondit sM neDue $ercLtOrMs esse neDue praedandN causL vMnisse sed L

#rOiL redeuntNs vN te$pestLtu$ L rMctO curs dMpulsOs esse. OrLvit etia$ ut sibi sine iniriL abNrelicMret. #u$ PolyphM$us DuaesNvit ubi esset nLvis DuL vectN essent sed @li-Ms cu$ sibi $L-i$M

praecavendu$ esse bene intellegeret, respondit nLve$ sua$ in rpNs coniecta$ o$nNnO "rLcta$esse. PolyphM$us aute$ nllO respOnsO datO duo M sociNs $an corripuit, et $e$brNs eOru$ dNvulsNscarne$ dMvorLre coepit.

6. A DESPERATE SITUATION

%u$ haec geruntur, GraecOru$ ani$Os tantus terror occupLvit ut nM vOce$ Duide$ Mdere

possent, sed o$nN spM saltis dMpositL $orte$ praesente$ e-spectLrent. PolyphM$us, postDua$"a$Ms hLc ta$ horribilN cMnL dMpulsa est, hu$N prOstrLtus so$nO sM dedit. Quod cu$ vNdisset @li-Ms,tanta$ occLsiOne$ reN gerendae nOn o$ittenda$ arbitrLtus, in eO erat ut pectus $OnstrN gladiOtrLns"Ngeret. Cu$ ta$en nihil te$erM agendu$ e-Nsti$Lret, cOnstituit e-plOrLre, anteDua$ hOc"aceret, DuL ratiOne e- spMluncL MvLdere possent. 5t cu$ sa-u$ ani$advertisset DuO introitusobstrctus erat, nihil sibi prO"utru$ intellM-it sN PolyphM$u$ inter"Mcisset. #anta eni$ erat Miussa-N $LgnitdO ut nM L dece$ Duide$ ho$inibus L$ovMrN posset. Quae cu$ ita essent, @li-Ms hOccOnLt dMstitit et ad sociOs rediit DuN cu$ intellM-issent DuO in locO rMs essent, nllL spM saltisoblLtL dM "ortnNs suNs dMspMrLre coepMrunt. lle ta$en nM ani$Os dM$itterent vehe$enter hortLtusest dM$OnstrLvit sM ia$ anteL M $ultNs et $LgnNs perNculNs MvLsisse, neDue dubiu$ esse DuNn intantO discrN$ine dN au-iliu$ lLtrN essent.

7. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE

?rtL lce PolyphM$us ia$ M so$nO e-citLtus ide$ Duod hesternO diM "Mcit correptNs eni$duObus M reliDuNs virNs carne$ eOru$ sine $orL dMvorLvit. #u$, cu$ sa-u$ L$Ovisset, ipse cu$

pecore suO e- spMluncL prOgressus est Duod cu$ GraecN vidMrent, $Lgna$ in spe$ sM post paulu$MvLsrOs vMnMrunt. o- ta$en ab hLc spM repulsN sunt na$ PolyphM$us, postDua$ o$nMs ovMse-iMrunt, sa-u$ in locu$ restituit. ReliDuN o$nN spM saltis dMpositL lL$entNs lacri$NsDue sMdMdidMrunt @li-Ms vMrO, DuN, ut suprL dM$OnstrLvi$us, vir $LgnN "uit cOnsilN, etsN intellegMbat re$

in discrN$ine esse, nOndu$ o$nNnO dMspMrLbat. #ande$, postDua$ di haec tOtO ani$O cOgitLvit,hOc cOnsiliu$ cMpit. M lNgnNs Duae in spMluncL reposita erant pLlu$ $Lgnu$ dMlMgit. unc su$$Lcu$ dNligentiL praeactu$ "Mcit tu$, postDua$ sociNs Duid "ierN vellet ostendit, reditu$ PolyphM$Ne-spectLbat.

. A GLASS TOO MUCH

/ub vesperu$ PolyphM$us ad spMlunca$ rediit, et eOde$ $odO DuO anteL cMnLvit. #u$@li-Ms tre$ vNnN prO$psit, Due$ "orte Iid Duod eN erat saltN sMcu$ attulerat et postDua$$Lgnu$ pOculu$ vNnO co$plMvit, $Onstru$ ad bibendu$ prOvocLvit. PolyphM$us, DuN nu$Dua$anteL vNnu$ gustLverat, tOtu$ pOculu$ stati$ e-hausit Duod cu$ "Mcisset, tanta$ voluptLte$

percMpit ut iteru$ et tertiu$ pOculu$ replMrN iusserit. #u$, cu$ DuaesNvisset DuO nO$ine @li-MsappellLrMtur, ille respondit sM AM$ine$ appellarN Duod cu$ audNvisset, PolyphM$us ita loctus est4



!2. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS

Pauca $Nlia passuu$ ab eO locO prOgressus @li-Ms ad Nnsula$ 5eolia$ nLve$ appulit. aec patria erat ventOru$, &Nc vLstO rM- 5eolus antrO luctantNs ventOs te$pestLtMsDue sonOrLs i$periO pre$it acvinclNs et carcere "rMnat.& bi rM- ipse GraecOs hospitiO e-cMpit, atDue iNs persuLsit ut ad recuperandLs vNrNs paucOs diMsin eL regiOne co$$orLrentur. /epti$O diM cu$ sociN M labOribus sM recMpissent, @li-Ms, nM annNte$pore L nLvigLtiOne e-clderMtur, sibi sine $orL pro"icNscendu$ statuit. #u$ 5eolus, DuN sciMbat@li-e$ cupidissi$u$ esse patriae videndae, eN ia$ pro"ectrO $Lgnu$ saccu$ M coriO cOn"ectu$dedit, in DuO ventOs o$nNs praeter nu$ inclserat. Tephyru$ tantu$ solverat, Duod ille ventus ab

NnsulL 5eoliL ad thaca$ nLvigantN est secundus. @li-Ms hOc dOnu$ libenter accMpit, et grLtiNs prOtantO bene"iciO LctNs saccu$ ad $Llu$ adligLvit. #u$ o$nibus rMbus ad pro"ectiOne$ parLtNs$erNdiLnO "erM te$pore M port solvit.

!3.THE WIND-BAG

Aove$ diMs secundissi$O ventO cursu$ tenuMrunt, ia$Due in cOnspectu$ patriae suaevMnerant, cu$ @li-Ms lassitdine cOn"ectus Iipse eni$ gubernLbat ad DuiMte$ capienda$ recubuit.5t sociN, DuN ia$ ddu$ $NrLbantur Duid in illO saccO inclsu$ esset, cu$ duce$ so$nOoppressu$ vidMrent, tanta$ occLsiOne$ nOn o$ittenda$ arbitrLtN sunt crMdMbant eni$ auru$ etargentu$ ibi esse cMlLta. taDue spM lucrN adductN saccu$ sine $orL solvMrunt, DuO "actO ventN &velut Lg$ine "actO DuL data porta ruunt, et terrLs turbine per"lant.& Nc tanta te$pestLs subitO coorta est ut illN cursu$ tenMre nOn possent sed in eande$ parte$unde erant pro"ectN re"errentur. @li-Ms M so$nO e-citLtus DuO in locO rMs esset stati$ intellM-itsaccu$ soltu$, thaca$ post tergu$ relicta$ vNdit. #u$ vMrO NrL vehe$enter e-Lrsit sociOsDueobirgLbat Duod cupiditLte pecniae adductN spe$ patriae videndae prOiMcissent.

!4. A DRAWING OF LOTS

revN spatiO inter$issO GraecN Nnsulae cuida$ appropinDuLvMrunt in DuL CircM, "Nlia /Olis,habitLbat. QuO cu$ nLve$ appulisset, @li-Ms in terra$ "r$entandN causL Mgrediendu$ esse statuitna$ cOgnOverat "r$entu$ Duod in nLvN habMrent ia$ dM"icere. /ociNs igitur ad sM convocLtNs DuOin locO rMs esset et Duid "ierN vellet ostendit. Cu$ ta$en o$nMs $e$oriL tenMrent Dua$ crdMlN

$orte necLtN essent iN DuN nper M nLvN MgressN essent, nM$O repertus est DuN hOc negOtiu$ susciperevellet. Quae cu$ ita essent, rMs ad contrOversia$ dMducta est. #ande$ @li-Ms cOnsMns o$niu$sociOs in duLs partNs dNvNsit, DuLru$ alterN urylochus, vir su$$ae virttis, alterN ipse praeesse. #u$hN inter sM sortNtN sunt uter in terra$ MgrederMtur. Oc "actO, urylochO sorte MvMnit ut cu$ duObus etvNgintN sociNs re$ susciperet.

!5. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS

Ns rMbus ita cOnstittis iN DuN sortNtN erant in interiOre$ parte$ Nnsulae pro"ectN sunt. #antus

ta$en ti$or ani$Os eOru$ occupLverat ut nihil dubitLrent DuNn $ortN obvia$ Nrent. +i- Duide$ poterant iN DuN in nLvN relictN erant lacri$Ls tenMre crMdMbant eni$ sM sociOs suOs nu$Dua$ post hOcte$pus vNsrOs. llN aute$ aliDuantu$ itineris prOgressN ad vNlla$ Duanda$ pervMnMrunt su$$L



$Lgni"icentiL aedi"icLta$, cius ad Ostiu$ cu$ adiissent, cantu$ dulcissi$u$ audNvMrunt. #antaaute$ "uit Mius vOcis dulcMdO ut nllO $odO retinMrN possent DuNn iLnua$ pulsLrent. Oc "actO ipsaCircM "orLs e-iit, et su$$L cu$ benNgnitLte o$nNs in hospitiu$ invNtLvit. urylochus NnsidiLs sibico$parLrN suspicLtus "orNs e-spectLre cOnstituit, sed reliDuN reN novitLte adductN intrLvMrunt. CMna$$Lgni"ica$ o$nibus rMbus Nnstrcta$ invMnMrunt et iss do$inae libentissi$M accubuMrunt. 5tCircM vNnu$ Duod servN apposuMrunt $edicL$entO DuOda$ $iscuerat Duod cu$ GraecN bibissent,

gravN so$nO subitO oppressN sunt.

!6. THE CHARM

#u$ CircM, Duae artis $agicae su$$a$ scientia$ habMbat, baculO aureO Duod gerMbatcapita eOru$ tetigit DuO "actO o$nMs in porcOs subitO conversN sunt. ntereL urylochus NgnLrusDuid in aedibus agerMtur ad Ostiu$ sedMbat postDua$ ta$en ad sOlis occLsu$ Ln-iO ani$O etsollicitO e-spectLvit, sOlus ad nLve$ regredN cOnstituit. O cu$ vMnisset, sollicitdine ac ti$Ore ta$

perturbLtus "uit ut Duae vNdisset vi- dNlcidM nLrrLre posset. @li-Ms aute$ satis intellM-it sociOs suOs

in perNculO versLrN, et gladiO correptO urylochO i$perLvit ut sine $orL via$ ad ista$ do$u$dM$OnstrLret. lle ta$en $ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns @li-e$ co$ple-us obsecrLre coepit nM in tantu$ perNculu$ sM co$$itteret sN Duid gravius eN accidisset, o$niu$ salte$ in su$$O discrN$ine"utra$. @li-Ms aute$ respondit sM nM$ine$ invNtu$ sMcu$ adductru$ eN licMre, sN $Lllet, in nLvN$anMre sM ipsu$ sine llO praesidiO re$ susceptru$. Oc cu$ $LgnL vOce dN-isset, M nLvNdMsiluit et nllO seDuente sOlus in via$ sM dedit.

!7. THE COUNTERCHARM

5liDuantu$ itineris prOgressus ad vNlla$ $Lgni"ica$ pervMnit, Dua$ cu$ oculNs perlstrLsset, stati$ intrLre statuit intellM-it eni$ hanc esse eande$ do$u$ dM DuL urylochus$entiOne$ "Mcisset. 5t cu$ in eO esset ut lN$en intrLret, subitO eN obvia$ stetit adulMscMns "Or$L

pulcherri$L aureu$ baculu$ gerMns. Nc @li-e$ ia$ do$u$ intrante$ $an corripuit et, &QuOruis& inDuit. &AOnne scNs hanc esse CircMs do$u$ Nc inclsN sunt a$NcN tuN e- h$LnL speciM in

porcOs conversN. Au$ vNs ipse in eande$ cala$itLte$ venNre& @li-Ms si$ul ac vOce$ audNvit,deu$ ercuriu$ LgnOvit nllNs ta$en precibus ab NnstittO cOnsiliO dMterrMrN potuit. Quod cu$ercurius sMnsisset, herba$ Duanda$ eN dedit, Dua$ contrL car$ina $ultu$ valMre dNcMbat. &anccape,& inDuit, &et ubi CircM tM baculO tetigerit, t strictO gladiO i$petu$ in ea$ vidM ut "aciLs.&ercurius postDua$ "Nne$ loDuendN "Mcit, &$ortLlNs vNss $ediO ser$One relNDuit, et procul in tenue$ e- oculNs MvLnuit aura$.&

!. THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED

revN inter$issO spatiO @li-Ms ad o$nia perNcula subeunda parLtus iLnua$ pulsLvit, et"oribus pate"actNs ab ipsL CircM benNgnM e-ceptus est. ?$nia eOde$ $odO atDue anteL "acta sunt.CMna$ $Lgni"icM Nnstrcta$ vNdit et accu$bere issus est. o-, ubi "a$Ms cibO dMpulsa est, CircM

pOculu$ aureu$ vNnO replMtu$ @li-N dedit. lle etsN suspicLtus est venMnu$ sibi parLtu$ esse, pOculu$ e-hausit DuO "actO CircM postDua$ caput Mius baculO tetigit, ea verba locta est DuibussociOs Mius anteL in porcOs converterat. RMs ta$en o$nNnO aliter MvMnit atDue illa spMrLverat. #antaeni$ vNs erat Mius herbae Dua$ @li-N ercurius dederat ut neDue venMnu$ neDue verba DuicDua$e""icere possent. @li-Ms aute$, ut eN praeceptu$ erat, gladiO strictO i$petu$ in ea$ "Mcit et $orte$$initLbLtur. CircM cu$ arte$ sua$ nihil valMre sMnsisset, $ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns eu$ obsecrLre coepitnM sibi vNta$ adi$eret.



!!. MEN ONCE MORE

@li-Ms aute$ ubi sMnsit ea$ ti$Ore perterrita$ esse, postulLvit ut sociOs suOs sine $orL inh$Lna$ specie$ redceret Icertior eni$ "actus erat L deO ercuriO eOs in porcOs conversOs essenisi id "actu$ esset, sM dMbitLs poenLs s$ptru$ ostendit. CircM hNs rMbus graviter co$$Ota eN ad

pedMs sM prOiMcit, et $ultNs cu$ lacri$Ns ire irandO cOn"Nr$Lvit sM Duae ille i$perLsset o$nia"actra$. #u$ porcOs in Ltriu$ i$$ittN iussit. llN datO sNgnO inruMrunt, et cu$ duce$ suu$LgnOvissent, $LgnO dolOre ad"ectN sunt Duod nllO $odO eu$ dM rMbus suNs certiOre$ "acere

poterant. CircM ta$en unguentO DuOda$ corpora eOru$ n-it DuO "actO sunt o$nMs stati$ inh$Lna$ specie$ reductN. LgnO cu$ gaudiO @li-Ms suOs a$NcOs LgnOvit, et nntiu$ ad lNtus$Nsit, DuN reliDuNs GraecNs sociOs receptOs esse dNceret. llN aute$ hNs rMbus cOgnitNs stati$ addo$u$ Circaea$ sM contulMrunt DuO cu$ vMnissent, niversN laetitiae sM dMdidMrunt. :llustration4 @6(/// 5A% CRC=

"##. AFLOAT AGAIN

PostrNdiM Mius diMN @li-Ms e- hLc NnsulL Dua$ celerri$M discMdere in ani$O habMbat. CircMta$en cu$ haec cOgnOvisset, e- odiO ad a$Ore$ conversa o$nibus precibus eu$ OrLre et obtestLrNcoepit ut paucOs diMs apud sM $orLrMtur DuL rM tande$ i$petrLtL tanta bene"icia in eu$ contulit ut"acile eN persuLsu$ sit ut ditius $anMret. PostDua$ ta$en tOtu$ annu$ apud CircMncOns$pserat, @li-Ms $LgnO dMsNderiO patriae suae $Otus est. /ociNs igitur ad sM convocLtNs Duid inani$O habMret ostendit. @bi ta$en ad lNtus dMscendit, nLve$ sua$ te$pestLtibus ta$ ad"lNcta$invMnit ut ad nLvigandu$ paene intilis esset. Lc rM cOgnitL o$nia Duae ad nLvNs re"iciendLs suNessent co$parLrN iussit, DuL in rM tanta$ dNligentia$ o$nMs adhibMbant ut ante tertiu$ die$ opus

per"Mcerint. 5t CircM ubi o$nia ad pro"ectiOne$ parLta esse vNdit, re$ aegrM "erMbat et @li-e$vehe$enter obsecrLbat ut eO cOnsiliO dMsisteret. lle ta$en, nM annN te$pore a nLvigLtiOnee-clderMtur, $Ltrandu$ sibi e-Nsti$Lvit, et te$pestLte$ idOnea$ nactus nLve$ solvit. ultaDuide$ perNcula @li-N subeunda erant anteDua$ in patria$ sua$ pervenNret, Duae ta$en hOc locOlongu$ est perscrNbere.

NOTES

PERSEUS

The numbers refer to the pa(e of text and the line on the pa(e respecti"ely. >.U. %anaM. any proper na$es in this boo! are words borrowed by 6atin "ro$ Gree!, andhave "or$s not given in the regular 6atin declensions. t will not be necessary to learn thedeclension o" such words. 2. eni$. #his word co$$only stands second in its clause. <. turbLbat. Aotice that this verb and dor$iMbat below are in the i$per"ect tense to denote astate o" things e-isting at the past ti$e indicated by territa est. aute$. #his word has the sa$e peculiarity o" position as eni$ so also igitur, which occursin line 00. 07. /erNphu$. Aotice that 6atin says 'the island /eriphos,' but nglish $ore o"ten 'the islando" /eriphos.'



0>. appulsa est. PostDua$ is regularly "ollowed by the per"ect or present indicative, but thenglish translation usually reDuires the pluper"ect. 09. DuOda$. 1uīdam $eans 'certain' as applied to so$e person or thing not "ully described,while certus $eans 'certain' in the sense o" 'deter$ined.' 'sure,' ad do$u$. #his $eans 'to the house' 'to be brought ho$e' would be domum addBcī , withoutthe preposition.

0U. lle is o"ten used, as here, when the subject is changed to a person $entioned in the preceding sentence. n this use it is to be translated 'he.' 0<. bene"iciO. /ee the derivation o" this word in the vocabulary. 78. $ultOs annOs. %uration o" ti$e is regularly e-pressed in the accusative case. 77. ea$. 6atin has no pronoun o" the third person, and is o"ten ta!es the place o" one it isthen to be translated 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' 'they,' according to its "or$. 79. haec. #he literal translation would be 'these things,' but we $ust say 'thus' or 'as "ollows.' V. 0. es. *ith ia$ ddu$ and si$ilar e-pressions o" duration, the present indicative is o"tenused to denote an action or state begun in the past but continuing in the present. #he nglisheDuivalent is the per"ect. hNc, is not the pronoun, but an adverb.

7. $ihi. #his dative $ay be translated '"or $e.' ow would 'to $e' with a verb o" $otion be put >. re"er. īcō, dBcō, faciō, and ferō have the i$perative "or$s dīc, dBc, fac, and fer , insteado" dīce, etc. V. Perseus. *hen the subordinate and the principal clause o" a 6atin sentence have the sa$esubject, this usually stands "irst, "ollowed by the subordinate clause. haec. ere a di""erent rendering is reDuired "ro$ that suggested in the note on >, 79. *hat isit Aotice that it is necessary to !now the literal signi"icance o" the 6atin words, but that thetranslation $ust o"ten be so$ething Duite di""erent i" it is to be acceptable nglish. #he rule "ortranslation is4 %iscover the e-act $eaning o" the original then e-press the sa$e idea correctly and,i" you can, elegantly in the language into which you are translating. 9. continente$. *hat is the derivation o" this word vMnit. s this present or per"ect ow do you !now <. GraeLs. #he Graeae were three old wo$en who had one eye and one tooth in co$$on,and too! turns in using the$. 1. galea$. #his belonged to Pluto, the god o" the underworld o" the dead, and whosoeverwore it was invisible. #he story is that Perseus co$pelled the Graeae to tell hi$ how to obtain thehelps to his enterprise by seiing their tooth and eye. 00. pedibus, 'on his "eet,' dative o" indirect object. induit. /ee the note on >, 0>. Lera. 6r is borrowed "ro$ Gree!, and !eeps this Gree! "or$ "or its accusative.

07. volLbat. %istinguish between "olō, "olre, and "olō, "elle. 0>. cMterNs. 56terī is used to denote all not already na$ed I'the other', while aliī denotesso$e o" those who have not been already na$ed I'other'. 0V. speciM horribilN, 'o" terrible appearance.' ablative o" description. 5 noun never standsalone in this construction, eLru$. /ee the note on >, 77. 09. contMcta. #his and "actae below are used as predicate adjectives, not to "or$ the

pluper"ect passive with erant. #ranslate, there"ore, 'were covered.' not 'had been covered.' 0<. vertMbantur. #he i$per"ect here denotes custo$ary action, one o" its regular uses. 01. lle. /ee the note on >, 0U. 78. hOc $odO, ablative o" $anner.

70. vMnit, dor$iMbat. #he per"ect si$ply e-presses an action which too! place in past ti$e,the i$per"ect tells o" a state o" things e-isting at that past ti$e. 79. "ugit. *hen du$ $eans 'while,' 'as,' it is "ollowed by the present indicative, even when



used o" past events. 7U. "Mcit. 6i!e post>uam, ubi has the present or per"ect indicative, where nglish would usethe pluper"ect. 9. 7. illO te$pore, ablative o" ti$e. rMgnLbat. ?bserve the "orce o" the tense, and try to "ind the reason "or each change o" tensein this paragraph.

Nc. #his $ust here be translated si$ply 'he.' Co$pare the use o" lle, >, 0U. V. veniMbat. /ee the note on V, 0<. U. o$niu$, 'o" all $en.' or 'o" all.' #he adjective is used as a noun, as in the second o" thenglish e-pressions. OrLculu$. t was believed in antiDuity that the will o" the gods and a !nowledge o" "utureevents $ight be learned at certain shrines, o" which the $ost "a$ous were those o" 5pollo at%elphi, o" Teus or Jupiter at %odona, and o" a$$on in gypt. a$$on was really an gyptiangod, represented as having the horns o" a ra$, but he was identi"ied by the Gree!s with Teus and bythe Ro$ans with Jupiter. 2. "Nlia$. *here there is no a$biguity, the possessive is o"ten o$itted in 6atin. <. aute$, o"ten, as here, si$ply introduces an e-planation I'now',

nO$ine, 'by na$e.' 1. CMpheus. /ee the note on Perseus, V, V. 08. cNvNs suOs, 'his subjects.' 0>. certa$. /ee the note on >uōdam, >, 09. i6s is regularly $asculine, but when used o" anappointed day it is o"ten "e$inine. o$nia, 'all things,' 'everything,' or 'all.' /ee the note on omnium, line U. 0U. dMplOrLbant, tenMbant. e care"ul to show the $eaning o" the tense by your translation. 0<. Duaerit. #he present is o"ten used o" a past action instead o" the per"ect, to bring theaction $ore vividly be"ore us as i" it were ta!ing place now. #his is called the historical present. 01. haec geruntur, 'this is going on.' 78. horribilN. ere the adjective is $ade e$phatic by being put be"ore its noun in V, 0V thesa$e e""ect is gained by putting horribilī last in its clause. 77. o$nibus, dative o" indirect object a"ter the co$pound verb @inCiaciō. #ranslate'inspired in all,' but the literal $eaning is 'threw into all.' 7U. induit. /ee the note on >, 0>. Lera. /ee the note on V, 00. U. 7. suO, Mius. %istinguish care"ully between these words. 3uus is used o" so$ething

belonging to the subject, 6ius o" so$ething belonging to so$e other person or thing just $entioned. 9. volat. /ee the note on V, 79. 2. sustulit. Aotice that the per"ect "or$s o" tollō are the sa$e as those o" sufferō @sub C

ferō, 'endure.'

<. neDue, here to be translated 'and W not.' 9e>ue is thus used regularly "or et nōn. 0>. e-ani$Lta, used here as a predicate adjective. 0U. rettulit. '#o give than!s' or 'than!' is usually (rtis a(ere, as in >, 01 (rtiam referre

$eans 'to show one's gratitude,' 'to reco$pense' or 'reDuite.' 0<. d-it. #his word ca$e to $ean '$arry,' because the bridegroo$ 'led' his bride in awedding procession to his own ho$e. t will be seen, there"ore, that it can be used only o" the $an. PaucOs annOs. /ee the note on >, 78. 78. o$nNs. *hat does the Duantity o" the i tell you about the "or$ 2. 0. Duod, not the relative pronoun, but a conjunction. >. eO, the adverb. in Ltriu$. 5lthough inrpit $eans 'burst into,' the preposition is nevertheless reDuired with

the noun to e-press the place into which he burst. U. ille. /ee the note on Perseus, V, V. <. 5crisN. n Aepos, Caesar, Cicero, and +ergil, the genitive singular o" secondBdeclension



nouns in -ius and -ium ends in ī , not iī but the no$inative plural ends in iī , and the dative andablative plural in iīs. 08. istud. Re$e$ber that iste is co$$only used o" so$ething connected with the personaddressed. ere the $eaning $ay be 'that oracle told you o".' /ee >, V. 07. 6LrNsa$. /ee the note on >, 07. neDue eni$, '"or W not,' as i" si$ply nōn enim, but 6atin uses ne>ue to connect the clauses.

0V. in o$nNs partNs, 'in all directions' or 'in every direction.' 09. ultN. /ee the note on omnium, 9, U. 02. discOru$. #he discus was a round, "lat piece o" stone or $etal, and the athletes tried tosee who could throw it "arthest. 0<. cLs. #his is one o" the ablatives o" $anner that do not ta!e cum. 01. stLbat. Aotice the tense.

HERCULES

1. 7. o$niu$ ho$inu$. #his $eans 'all $en' in the sense o" 'all $an!ind.' >. Oderat. ōdī is per"ect in "or$, but present in $eaning and the pluper"ect has in li!e$anner the "orce o" an i$per"ect. 9. $ediL nocte, 'in the $iddle o" the night,' 'in the dead o" night.' 2. Aec ta$en, 'not W however.' /ee the note on ne>ue enim, 2, 07. <. $ovMbant. Contrast this tense with appropinDuLverant and e-citLtN sunt. 0>. #LlN $odO X hōc modō, V, 78. 78. L puerO, '"ro$ a boy,' '"ro$ boyhood.' e-ercMbat, the i$per"ect o" custo$ary action, as is also cOns$Mbat. 7V. aute$. /ee the note on 9, <. 79. artN, dative o" indirect object with the intransitive verb studMbat. 08. 7. o$nibus vNribus, 'with all his $ight,' ablative o" $anner.

>. M vNtL. Aotice that the preposition denoting separation appears both with the noun and inthe verb. Co$pare in trium inrBpit , 2, >. V. neDue DuisDua$, 'and not any one,' i=e. 'and no one.' 1uis>uam is used chie"ly in negativesentences. 9. voluit, 'was willing.' 2. "acit. /ee the note on V, 79. <. nO$ine. /ee the note on 9, <. 1. vir crdMlissi$us, not 'cruelest $an,' but '$ost cruel $an.' #he superlative is o"ten thusused to denote si$ply a high degree o" the Duality. cOnsuMverat. nceptive verbs end in scō and denote the beginning o" an action or state. #he

per"ect and pluper"ect o" such verbs o"ten represent the state o" things resulting "ro$ the co$pletion

o" the action, and are then to be translated as present and i$per"ect respectively. /o cōnsu6scō X 'a$ beco$ing accusto$ed,' cōnsu6"ī X ' have beco$e accusto$ed' or 'a$ accusto$ed,'cōnsu6"eram X ' had beco$e accusto$ed' or 'was accusto$ed.' 00. sacri"iciO, '"or the sacri"ice,' dative o" purpose. ea. *hy is diMs "e$inine here /ee the note on certam, 9, 0>. 07. o$nia. /ee the note on 9, 0>. 09. capitibus, dative o" indirect object a"ter the co$pound verb @in C pōnō. 0U. ia$. #he o$ission o" the conjunction that would naturally join this clause with the

preceding, and the repetition o" iam, which thus in a way connects the two clauses, re"lect thei$$inence o" the danger and heighten our an-iety "or the hero. ?bserve too how the tenses o" theverbs contribute to the vividness o" the picture. *e see ercules at the altar and the priest, !ni"e inhand, about to give the "atal blow. 0<. alterO. /upply īctB. 01. #hMbNs, locative case. Aotice that so$e na$es o" towns are plural in "or$.



70. #hMbLnNs, dative with the adjective "Nniti$N. aute$, 'now.' 77. #hMbLs. Aa$es o" towns are used without a preposition to e-press the place to which. 7>. veniMbant, postulLbant, i$per"ect o" custo$ary action. 79. cNvNs suOs, 'his "ellowBcitiens.' Co$pare 9, 08. hOc stNpendiO, ablative o" separation.

72. atDue. #his conjunction adds an i$portant state$ent by way o" supple$ent. ere the$eaning is so$ething li!e 'and not only that, but.' 00. 00. conversa. Est and sunt are "reDuently not e-pressed with the per"ect participle. 02. suOs ipse suL. Aotice how the enor$ity o" the cri$e is e$phasied by the use o" all thesewords repeating the sa$e idea. 7>. OrLculu$ %elphicu$. /ee the note on 9, U. hOc OrLculu$ o$niu$ X hōc omnium ōrculōrum. 79. Oc in te$plO. onosyllabic prepositions o"ten stand between the noun and an adjective$odi"ying it. 07. 0. DuN. Re$e$ber that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, nu$ber, and person with itsantecedent that its case depends upon its use. ow are the person and nu$ber o" DuN shown

7. ho$inibus. /ee the note on 1, 7. V. neDue. /ee the note on U, <. 2. #Nryntha. #his is a Gree! accusative "or$. /ee the note on era, V, 00. 08. %uodeci$ annOs, accusative o" duration o" ti$e. 00. urystheO. #he nglish verb 'serve' is transitive, but ser"iō I'be subject to' is intransitiveand ta!es an indirect object. 0V. Duae. /ee the note on line 0. *hat is the case o" Duae 0U. PrN$u$ is chie"ly used in enu$eration, prN$O Iline U in contrasting an action or statewith one that "ollows it. 01. sMcu$. #he preposition cum "ollows and is joined to the re"le-ive and personal

pronouns, usually also to the relative pronoun. 77. neDue eni$. /ee the note on 2, 07. 7U. respNrandN, the genitive o" the gerund. t $odi"ies "acultLs. #he gerund corresponds to thenglish verbal noun in -in( . 0>. 9. Oc. *e $ight e-pect haec re"erring to ydra$, but a de$onstrative pronoun isco$$only attracted into the gender o" the predicate noun Ihere $Onstru$. cui erant, 'which had,' literally 'to which there were.' #his construction is "ound only with

sum. t is called the dative o" possession. <. rMs. n rendering this word choose always with great "reedo$ the $ost suitable nglishword. 0>. <. $LgnN perNculN. *e say 'one o" great danger.'

1. Mius. *hat possessive would be used to $odi"y sinistrL 00. hOc cOnLt, ablative o" separation. 0V. co$prehendMrunt. /ee the note on >, 0>. unde X ex >uibus. 0U. au-iliO ydrae, 'to the aid o" the ydra,' but literally "or aid Ii.e. as aid to the ydra,'"or ydrae is dative. #his is called the double dative construction, au-iliO the dative o" purpose, andydrae the dative o" re"erence, i.e. the dative denoting the person interested. 02. abscNdit. /ee the note on V, 79. $ordMbat, '!ept biting,' the i$per"ect o" repeated action. 0<. tLlN $odO. /ee the note on 1, 0>. inter"Mcit. *e have now had several verbs $eaning '!ill.' !nterficiō is the $ost general o"

these necō Iline V is used o" !illing by unusual or cruel $eans, as by poison occīdō I07, 7> is$ost co$$only used o" the 'cutting down' o" an ene$y in battle. 01. reddidit, as well as i$buit, has sagittLs "or its object, but we $ust translate as i" we had



es with reddidit. 77. ad sM. Co$pare this construction with the use o" the dative in V, 7. Aotice that sM doesnot re"er to ercule$, the subject o" re"erre, but to urystheus, the subject o" ussit. *hen there"le-ive thus re"ers to the subject o" the principal verb rather than to the subject o" the subordinateverb with which it s directly connected, it is called indirect. 7>. tantae audLciae. #he genitive o" description, li!e the ablative o" description, consists

always o" a noun with so$e $odi"ying word. Co$pare speci6 horribilī , V, 0V. aute$. Co$pare 9, < and 08, 70. 7V. incrMdibilN celeritLte, ablative o" description. 79. vestNgiNs, ablative o" $eans. 7U. ipsu$, contrasts cervu$ with vestNgiNs. 72. o$nibus vNribus. /ee the note on 08, 7. 0V. 0. currMbat, 'he !ept running.' sibi, dative o" re"erence. t need not be translated, ad DuiMte$, '"or rest.' Purpose is "reDuently thus e-pressed by ad . >. cucurrerat. #he pluper"ect is so$eti$es used with postDua$ when the lapse o" ti$e isdenoted.

V. curs, ablative o" cause. e-ani$Ltu$ X >uī exanimtus erat . #he participle is o"ten eDuivalent to a relative clause. 9. rettulit. /ee the note on 0>, 01. <. re$. /ee the note on r6s, 0>, <. 08. aprO, dative o" indirect object a"ter the co$pound verb Iob C currō. 00. tN$Ore perterritus. t is not necessary to translate both words. 0>. iniMcit, i.e. upon the boar. su$$L cu$ di""icultLte. Co$pare this with omnibus "īribus, 0>, 72, and notice that cum

$ay be o$itted with the ablative o" $anner when there is an adjective. For the position o" cu$, seethe note on 00, 79. 09. ad urystheu$. *e are told elsewhere that urystheus was so "rightened when he sawthe boar that he hid in a cas!. vNvus. *hy have we the no$inative here, but the accusative IvNvu$ in line 9 02. DuartO. #he capture o" the ry$anthian boar is usually given as the third labor and thecapture o" the Cerynean stag as the "ourth. nLrrLvi$us. #he writer so$eti$es uses the "irst person plural in spea!ing o" hi$sel", insteado" the "irst person singular. #his is called the plural o" $odesty, and is the sa$e as the nglishusage. 0<. in 5rcadia$. ow does this di""er in $eaning "ro$ in Arcadi 78. appeteret. #he subjunctive introduced by cu$, 'since,' $ay e-press the reason "or theaction o" the $ain verb.

7>. erculMs. /ee the note on Perseus, V, V. 7U. Duod, conjunction, not pronoun. reliDuOs centaurOs, 'the rest o" the centaurs,' 'the other centaurs.' Co$pare medi nocte, 1, 9.

Aotice that reli>uī $eans about the sa$e as c6terī , and see the note on V, 0>. 7<. inDuit, historical present. #his verb is used parenthetically with direct Duotations. 09. 0. dabO. Aotice that 6atin is $ore e-act than nglish in the use o" the "uture tense insubordinate clauses. n nglish we o"ten use the present in the subordinate clause and leave it to the

principal verb to show that the ti$e is "uture. 2. pervMnMrunt. /ee the note on V, 7U. 08. cOnstitit, "ro$ cōnsistō, not cōnstō. 0U. "ugL. 6atin says 'by "light,' not 'in "light.'

02. e- spMluncL. /ee the note on 08, >. 70. locu$, the direct object o" 5diit, which is here transitive. *e $ight also have ad locum

with adeō used intransitively.



0U. V. erculN. /ee the note on 08, 09. labOre$. #his labor is usually given as the si-th, the destruction o" the /ty$phalian birds asthe "i"th. U. tria $Nlia bou$, 'three thousand cattle,' literally 'three thousands o" cattle.' #he partitivegenitive is the regular construction with the plural mīlia, but the singular mīlle is co$$only used asan adjective, li!e nglish 'thousand.' #hus 'one thousand cattle' would be mīlle bo"6s.

2. ingentNs $Lgnitdinis. /ee the note on tantae audciae, 0>, 7>. <. neDue eni$ u$Dua$, '"or W never.' /ee the note on ne>ue enim, 2, 07. 00. $ultae operae. /ee the note on m(nī perīculī , 0>, <. 07. duodMvNgintN pedu$, i.e. in width. d-it. #his word is used with re"erence to the progress o" wor! on a wall or ditch "ro$ oneend o" it to the other. 09. opus. Co$pare this word with operae and labOre, line 07. Labor is used o" heavy ore-hausting labor, opera o" voluntary e-ertion or e""ort, opus o" that upon which one labors or o" theco$pleted wor!. 02. i$perLverat. #his verb ta!es an indirect object to e-press the person ordered IeN. #heaction co$$anded is e-pressed by the subjunctive in a clause introduced by ut and used as the

object o" imperō Iut necLret. Aotice that this $ay be translated 'that he should !ill' or 'to !ill.'Co$pare now the construction with iubeō, 0>, 77, with which the co$$and is e-pressed by theaccusative and in"initive I *erculem referre. 01. carne. /6scor is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative. 77. appropinDuandN. /ee the note on 07, 7U. 7>. cOnstitit, "ro$ cōnstō. Co$pare 09, 08. pedibus, 'on "oot,' literally 'by his "eet.' 79. cons$psisset. #he i$per"ect and pluper"ect tenses o" the subjunctive are used withcu$, 'when,' to describe the circu$stances o" the action o" the $ain verb. Co$pare 0V, 78, and thenote. 7U. hOc cOnLt. /ee the note on 0>, 00. 72. peteret. #he subjunctive is used with ut to e-press purpose. #he best translation isusually the in"initive I'to as!', but the 6atin in"initive is not used in $odel prose to e-press purpose. 02. >. LvolLrent. #his is not subjunctive o" purpose, but o" result, as is indicated by ta$. U. e-. Co$pare this with ab, 0U, 70, and d6 , 0U, 0>. *e co$$only translate all o" these'"ro$,' but the real $eanings are 'out o",' 'away "ro$,' and 'down "ro$' respectively. CrMtL. /ee the note on >, 07. 2. esset. /ee the note on 0V, 78. <. Nnsulae, dative with the co$pound verb Iad Y propin>uō. appropinDuLret. /ee the note on 0U, 79. 1. tanta W ut. Aotice how "reDuently the clause o" result is connected with a de$onstrative

word in the $ain clause. 07. nLvigandN i$perNtus, 'ignorant o" navigation,' 'ine-perienced in sailing.' /ee the note on07, 7U. 70. cu$, the conjunction. ingentN labOre. /ee the note on summ cum difficultte, 0V, 0>. 79. ut redceret. /ee the note on 0U, 72. 7U. carne. /ee the note on 0U, 01. vMscMbantur, i$per"ect o" custo$ary action. 0<. >. ut trLderentur. Aotice that postulō, li!e imperō, ta!es an objectBclause introduced byut and having its verb in the subjunctive. sibi, the indirect re"le-ive. /ee the note on 0>, 77.

V. NrL W inter"Mcit, 'beca$e "uriously angry and !illed the !ing,' literally '$oved by wrath!illed the !ing.' #he participle is "reDuently best rendered by a "inite verb. 0<. V. cadLver. #he subject o" an in"initive stands in the accusative case. *e $ight translate



here 'and gave orders that his body should be thrown.' /ee the note on 0U, 02. U. $Nra rMru$ co$$tLtiO. *hen a noun has both an adjective and a genitive $odi"ier, thisorder o" the words is co$$on. 2. cu$ cruciLt, ablative o" $anner. necLverat. /ee the note on interf6cit , 0>, 0<. 08. re"erMbant. /ee the note on U, 0U.

$odo. #his is the adverb, not a case o" modus, the dative and ablative singular o" whichwould be modō. a!e a practice o" care"ully observing the Duantity o" vowels. 00. OrLbant. Aotice that this verb, li!e imperō and postulō, ta!es ut and the subjunctive. 0V. ad nLvigandu$. /ee the note on ad >ui6tem, 0V, 0. 0U. post, here an adverb o" ti$e. 0<. dNcitur. Aotice that the 6atin construction is personal I'the nation is said to haveconsisted', while nglish co$$only has the i$personal construction I'it is said that the nationconsisted'. 01. reN $NlitLris, 'the art o" war.' 79. $andLvit. /ee the note on 0U, 02. 7U. 5$Lonibus, dative a"ter the co$pound verb.

01. 0. persuLsit. Aotice that this verb governs the sa$e construction that we have already"ound used with imperō and mandō. 7. sMcu$. /ee the note on 07, 01. 9. appulit. /upply n"em. U. docMret. 5 clause o" purpose is "reDuently introduced by a relative. #ranslate li!e the ut Bclause o" purpose, here 'to $a!e !nown,' literally 'who was to $a!e !nown.' 0V. $LgnO intervLllO, ablative o" degree o" di""erence. 0U. nOn $Lgna. #he e""ect o" the position o" these words $ay be reproduced by translating'but not a large one.' neutrN. #he plural is used because the re"erence is to two parties, each co$posed o" severalindividuals. 'Aeither' o" two individuals would be neuter . 02. volMbant, dedit. Consider the tenses. ach ar$y waited "or so$e ti$e "or the other tocross "inally ercules gave the signal. 77. occNderint. #he per"ect subjunctive is so$eti$es used in result clauses a"ter a past tensein the principal clause. #his is contrary to the general principle o" the seDuence o" tenses, whichreDuires the i$per"ect or pluper"ect subjunctive a"ter a past tense, the present or per"ect subjunctivea"ter a present or "uture tense. 7>. +irN. Co$pare this with hominibus, 07, 7. 7V. praestLbant. Co$pare the tense with praestitMrunt, line 70. 72. neu. 5s ne>ue or nec is used "or 'and not,' so n6"e or neu "or 'and that not' in an objectBclause or a clause o" purpose.

78. 0. Duibus, 'and by these,' #he relative is $uch used in 6atin to connect a new sentencewith the one preceding. *hen so used, it is generally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and ade$onstrative or personal pronoun. ita W ut. /ee the note on 02, 1. 7. essent, $ost easily e-plained as the subjunctive o" attraction. y this is $eant that theverb is attracted into the $ood o" the clause upon which it depends. V. pgnLtu$ est, 'the battle raged' or 'they "ought,' literally 'it was "ought,' ntransitive verbsare o"ten thus used i$personally in the passive, with the subject i$plied in the verb itsel", as

pgnLtu$ est X pB(na pB(nta est . 00. aestLtis, partitive genitive. Aotice that $ultu$ is used as a noun. 0>. nactus. #he per"ect active participle is wanting in 6atin, but the per"ect participle o"

deponent verbs is active in $eaning. 7V. speciM horribilN. /ee the note on V, 0V. 7U. ti$Ore perterritN. /ee the note on 0V, 00.



continMbantur, '!ept the$selves shut up.' #his is the soBcalled re"le-ive use o" the passive, inwhich the subject is represented as acting upon itsel". pecora. #his word is used o" herds o" cattle, pecudMs Iline 79 o" single ani$als, especiallysheep. 7<. co$$Otus cOnsuluit. /ee the note on 0<, V. 70. >. lNberLret. /ee the note on 0U, 72.

OrLculO. Aotice that pLrMre is intransitive and has the dative o" indirect object, while 'obey' istransitive. t $ay help to understand the 6atin construction i" you translate such verbs as preō byintransitives, here 'to sub$it to.' V. sacri"iciO. /ee the note on 08, 00. 9. ipsO te$poris punctO DuO, 'at the very $o$ent when.' <. Mgressus. /ee the note on 78, 0>. dM rMbus W "actus est, 'was in"or$ed o" the state o" things,' literally 'was $ade $ore certainabout the things which were being done.' n what gender, nu$ber, person, and case is Duae Give areason "or each. 00. posset. #he subjunctive is used because the words o" the !ing are Duoted indirectly. esaid sī potes, 'i" you can.'

01. pse. Aotice the use o" this word in contrasts, "reDuently, as here, o" a person with thatwhich belongs to hi$ or with his subordinates. 78. inter sM, 'to one another.' 77. esset, subjunctive in an indirect Duestion. #he direct "or$ would be 1uantum perīculum

est I'ow great is the danger'. $ultLs terrLs, just as we say '$any lands,' 7>. urOpae. Co$pare Th6bnīs, 08, 70. 7V. in utrODue lNtore, 'on each shore,' 'on both shores.' 79. colu$nLs. #he ancients believed that the Roc! o" Gibraltar was the pillar set up byercules on the uropean side. 77. V. tantu$, an adverb. 9. dederit. /ee the note on 01, 77. 1. DuO in locO. /ee the note on 00, 79. essent. /ee the note on 70, 77. 08. sibi, the indirect re"le-ive. 07. et W et, 'both W and.' 0<. prOgredN, '"ro$ proceeding.' 01. prohibMbant, 'atte$pted to prevent,' i$per"ect o" atte$pted action. Aotice that the use o"the i$per"ect to e-press custo$ary, repeated, or atte$pted action "ollows naturally "ro$ its use todenote action going on in past ti$e. #he present, the tense which denotes action going on in presentti$e, has the sa$e special uses. 78. barbarN. #his word was used by the Gree!s o" all other peoples by the Ro$ans it wasused o" all but the Gree!s and the$selves.

7V. cecidMrunt. 6et the Duantity o" the i tell you whether this co$es "ro$ cadō or caedō. soccNderint a co$pound o" cadō or caedō 79. in tLlibus rMbus, i=e. when a god intervenes in behal" o" his "avorite. 7U. nihil inco$$odN, 'no har$,' literally 'nothing o" har$' inco$$odN is partitive genitive. 7>. 7. Dua$ celerri$M, 'as rapidly as possible.' 1uam with the superlative e-presses thehighest possible degree. >. Aecesse, predicate adjective with erat, the subject being hLs trLnsNre. 9. citeriOre. #he Ro$ans called upper taly 'allia 5iterior , 'ither Gaul,' because it wasoccupied by Gallic tribes. U. perennN. 6earn the derivation o" this word. #he $eaning o" a word $ay o"ten be seen$ost easily and re$e$bered $ost surely by noticing its derivation,

tMctN, used as predicate adjective. 1. cOpia$. Aotice care"ully the $eaning o" this word. n what sense have we "ound the

plural cōpiae used



08. rMbus, 'preparations.' /ee the note on r6s, 0>, <. cOns$pserat. /ee the note on 0V, >. 00. o$niu$ opNniOne$. itherto we have had opīniōnem omnium, but here omnium is $adee$phatic by being placed "irst. 09. itinere, ablative o" cause. "essus, 'since he was weary.' Aotice that a 6atin adjective or participle $ust o"ten be

e-panded into a clause in the translation. 0U. aud X nōn. t $odi"ies a single word, usually an adjective or adverb. 01. $odo. /ee the note on 0<, 08. ingentN $Lgnitdine. Co$pare in(entis m(nitBdinis, 0U, 2. 7>. bou$. 6earn the declension o" this word "ro$ the vocabulary. 7V. nM. 5 negative clause o" purpose is introduced by n6 . 7V. 7. o$nibus locNs. Locus $odi"ied by an adjective is o"ten used without in in the ablativeo" place. >. nsDua$. *e say 'could not "ind anywhere,' but 6atin pre"ers to co$bine the negativewith another word. U. reliDuNs. /ee the note on reli>uōs centaurōs, 0V, 7U.

2. M bObus. Co$pare boum, 7>, 7>. *ith nus the ablative with ex or d6 is co$$only usedinstead o" the partitive genitive. 0U. neDue DuicDua$. /ee the note on 08, V. 70. $Ore suO, 'according to his custo$.' turbLtus, 'was con"used W and.' /ee the note on īra D interf6cit , 0<, V. 77. in. /ee the note on in trium, 2, >. 79. respNrandN. /ee the note on 07, 7U. 79. 7. Dua$ DuOs, "or >uam eōs >uōs. 00. cui. /ee the note on cui erant , 0>, 9. 07. erculN i$perLverat, 'had enjoined upon ercules.' 02. urystheO. /ee the note on ōrculō, 70, >. 01. DuaesNverat. *ith this verb the person o" who$ the Duestion is as!ed is e-pressed in theablative with ab, d6 , or ex. 7>. orbis terrLru$, 'o" the world,' literally 'o" the circle o" lands.' 7U. u$erNs suNs, ablative o" $eans, but we say 'on his shoulders.' nM. /ee the note on 7>, 7V. dMcideret. Aotice the "orce o" the pre"i- d6 . 72. $NrLtus, 'wondering at.' #he per"ect participle o" deponent verbs is o"ten best renderedinto nglish by a present participle. 7U. >. erculN, dative with prOdesse. ille. /ee the note on Perseus, V, V.

V. certO, the adverb. U. vMnisset. *hat would the "or$ be in the direct Duestion inDuit. /ee the note on 0V, 7<. 2. "NliLbus. #o avoid con"usion with the corresponding "or$s o" deus and fīlius, the dativeand ablative plural o" dea and fīlia so$eti$es end in bus. sponte. #his noun is practically con"ined to the ablative singular, in prose usually with me,

tu, or su, 'o" $y, your, his own accord.' 1. posset, subjunctive because indirect. #he thought o" ercules was sī potest . 00. abesset. #his also is indirect, Duoting absum. 07. u$erNs. /ee the note on 79, 7U. 02. pauca $Nlia. -tent o" space, li!e duration o" ti$e, is e-pressed by the accusative,

passuu$. /ee the note on 0U, U. 70. ita ut, 'as' accMpissent. itherto we have "ound the indicative in causal clauses introduced by Duod.



#he subjunctive indicates that the reason is Duoted the esperides said >uod acc6pimus. 7<. grLtiLs Mgit. /ee the note on U, 0U. 72. 7. M labOribus. /ee the note on 7V, 2. >. erculN praecMperat X *erculī imper"erat , 79, 07. 9. posset, subjunctive because it Duotes the thought o" urystheus, poterit . U. ut W traheret. #his clause is not itsel" the object o" dedit, but in apposition with the object

IAegOtiu$. 2. o$niu$, partitive genitive. 00. nLrrL$us. #he present is so$eti$es used with anteDua$ to e-press "uture action, as innglish with 'be"ore.' /ee the note on 09, 0. aliMnu$, predicate adjective, the subject o" vidMtur being pauca W prOpOnere. n the passive"ideō $ay $ean 'be seen,' but it usually $eans 'see$.' 0>. Dui Nde$, 'which also,' literally 'which the sa$e.' 0V. @t, 'when.' 09. dMdcMbantur, custo$ary action. 01. /tygis "l$inis. *e say 'river /ty-,' but 'ississippi River.' DuO, ablative o" $eans.

78. necesse. /ee the note on 7>, >. possent. #he subjunctive is used with anteDua$ to denote that the action is e-pected orintended. 70. in. *e say 'over.' 79. prius. Aotice that 6atin is here $ore e-act than nglish, using the co$parative becauseonly two actions are spo!en o". dedisset, subjunctive because indirect. Charon said nisi dederis I"uture per"ect, nōn

trns"eham, 'unless you "irst give Ishall have given, will not carry you across.' 7<. 0. $ortuN, used as a noun, 'o" the dead $an.' eO cOnsiliO, 'with this purpose,' 'to this end.' #he clause ut W posset is in apposition withcOnsiliO. U. @t. Co$pare 72, 0V. <. Duod cu$ "Mcissent, 'and when they had done this.' /ee the note on >uibus, 78, 0. 0>. /tLbant, 'there stood.' *hat is its subject 09. $ortuNs, dative o" indirect object. et. Aotice that a$biguity is avoided by a change o" conjunctions, et connecting the clausesand BDue connecting prae$ia and poenLs. ?" these connectives, et connects two ideas that areindependent o" each other and o" eDual i$portance ->ue denotes a close connection, o"ten o" twowords that together e-press a single idea while ac or at>ue Isee line 0< adds so$ething o" greateri$portance. 0<. et. +ultī is o"ten joined by et to another adjective $odi"ying the sa$e noun.

7V. e-. Co$pare 79, 0<. 72. sM sociOs, direct object and predicate accusative respectively. 71. >. nM. 5"ter verbs o" "earing n6 $ust be rendered 'that,' ut , 'that not.' Aotice, however,that the negative idea is as clearly present here as in the other clauses introduced by n6 that we have$et, "or Charon wishes that the thing $ay not happen. 0>. "Mcisset, indirect "or f6ceris. 0<. re"gerit. /ee the note on 01, 77. 7>. Duae cu$ ita essent, 'and this being the case,' 'and so,' literally 'since which things wereso.' 7V. lNberLtus. /ee the note on īr D interf6cit , 0<, V. 79. Duae, object o" perscrNbere, which is the subject o" est longu$ is predicate adjective.

7U. est. *e say 'would be.' aetLte, ablative o" speci"ication. #ranslate 'when he was now advanced in age' Ii=e. 'late inli"e', and see the note on fessus, 7>, 09.



>8. 0. accidit. #his is one o" several i$personal verbs which ta!e "or their subject a clause o"result Iut W occNderit. >. ut W Nret, a clause o" result used as the subject o" esset, $Os being predicate. Duis. 5"ter sī, nisi, n6 , and num, this is not the interrogative, but an inde"inite pronoun I'anyone', occNdisset, indirect "or occīderit , which would be the "or$ used in the laws or it $ay be

e-plained as subjunctive by attraction to Nret. 2. trLnseant, not 'they are crossing,' but 'they are to cross.' #he direct "or$ would be

ZtrLnseL$us I'ow in the world are we to get across', subjunctive because the Duestion e-pressesdoubt. #his is called the deliberative subjunctive. 08. prOgressus, 'a"ter advancing.' 00. revertMbLtur. #his verb is deponent in the present, i$per"ect, and "uture. 0U. hu$N, locative, 'on the ground.' nM. /ee the note on 7>, 7V. suN ulcNscendN, 'o" avenging hi$sel".' #his is called the gerundive construction. t is regularlyused instead o" the gerund when the gerund would have an accusative object I s6 ulcīscendī . Aoticethat the gerund is a verbal noun the gerundive a verbal adjective, agreeing with its noun li!e any

other adjective. 02. $orientis, 'o" a dying $an.' Co$pare mortuī , 7<, 0. 0<. vNs, "ro$ "olō. 78. sN W vMnerit, 'i" you ever suspect hi$.' *hat is the literal $eaning Aotice that we usethe present, while 6atin by the use o" the "uture per"ect indicates that the action is to precede that o"the $ain clause. 70. in"iciMs. #he "uture indicative is so$eti$es used, as in nglish, "or the i$perative. 77. nihil $alN. /ee the note on 77, 7U. suspicLta. /ee the note on 79, 72. 79. olMn, "Nlia$, captNva$, direct object, appositive, and predicate accusative respectively. 7U. do$u$. /ee the note on ad domum, >, 09. >0. 0. re"erret. /ee the note on 01, U. 7. "acerent, subjunctive by attraction. #he verb o" a clause dependent upon an in"initive is

put in the subjunctive when the two clauses are closely connected in thought. *e have already $etthis construction in the case o" dependence upon a subjunctive see the note on 78, 7. gerere. Co$pare >8, >. /uch phrases as mōs est $ay have as subject either an in"initive or aclause o" result. >. verita. #his participle is regularly rendered as present, nM. /ee the note on 71, >. V. veste$. Aotice that the position o" this word helps to $a!e it clear that it is the object o"

Nn"Mcit as well as o" dedit.

9. suspicLns. #his does not di""er appreciably in "orce "ro$ suspicta, >8, 77. <. e-ani$Ltus, 'beside hi$sel".' 0V. succenderent. Aotice the "orce o" the pre"i- sub in this word and in subdidit below. 09. inductus, '$oved.'

THE ARGONAUTS

>>. 0. alter W alter, 'one W the other.' Re$e$ber that this word is used to denote one o" twogiven persons or things. *e have in this passage an instance o" the chiastic order, in which varietyand e$phasis are gained by reversing the position o" the words in the second o" two si$ilare-pressions. ere the two na$es are brought together by this device. >. rMgnN, objective genitive, i=e. a genitive used to denote the object o" the "eeling cupiditLte. U. e- a$NcNs. QuNda$, li!e Bnus, co$$only has ex or d6 and the ablative, instead o" the



very co$$on. 72. Duibus. #he antecedent eae is not e-pressed. Aotice that Btor governs the sa$e case as"6scor and potior . #wo other deponent verbs, not "ound in this boo!, ta!e this construction, na$ely

fruor , 'enjoy,' and fun(or , 'per"or$.' nostrO $arN, i=e. the editerranean. cOnsuMvi$us. /ee the note on cōnsu6"erat , 08, 1.

>9. <. citharoedu$. t was said that ?rpheus $ade such sweet $usic on his golden harp thatwild beasts, trees, and roc!s "ollowed hi$ as he $oved. y his playing he even prevailed uponPluto to give bac! his dead wi"e urydice. #hMseu$, a $ythical hero, whose e-ploits rese$ble and rival those o" ercules. #he $ost "a$ous o" the$ was the !illing o" the inotaur. #heseus was the national hero o" 5thens.

Castore$, the "a$ous ta$er o" horses and brother o" Pollu-, the bo-er. Read acaulay's Lays of Ancient 7ome, The $attle of the La%e 7e(illus.

08. DuOs, the subject o" esse. ts antecedent is eOs, line 00. #he relative "reDuently precedes

in 6atin, but the antecedent $ust be translated "irst. 0U. 5rgonautae. Aotice the co$position o" this word. 7V. dMicerentur, part o" the result clause. 7U. arbitrLtN. /ee the note on 79, 72. MgredN. /ee the note on 77, 0<. 72. pgnLtu$ est. /ee the note on 78 V. >U. 9. PostrNdiM Mius diMN, 'the ne-t day,' $ore literally 'on the day "ollowing that day.' #hisidea $ay be e-pressed by postrīdi6 alone, and the "uller e-pression is si$ply $ore "or$al. 1. in ancorNs, 'at anchor.' 08. habMrent. /ee the note on >V, U. 00. e- 5rgonautNs. /ee the note on >>, U. 0>. QuN, 'he.' /ee the note on >uibus, 78, 0. du$ Duaerit, 'while loo!ing "or.' #he present indicative with dum is o"ten to be translated bya present participle. 09. vNdissent. *e say 'saw,' but 6atin $a!es it plain that the seeing Iand "alling in love ca$e

be"ore the atte$pt to persuade. eN. Keep a list o" all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative. 0U. negLret. #his verb is co$$only used instead o" dīcō when a negative state$ent "ollowswhen thus used, it should be translated by 'say' with the appropriate negative, here 'said that hewould not.' >2. 0. praebuisset, subjunctive in a subordinate clause o" indirect discourse.

7. supplicN. /ee the note on 2, <. U. accubuerat. #he Ro$ans reclined at table, supporting the$selves on the le"t ar$ andta!ing the "ood with the right hand. #hey naturally represented others as eating in the sa$e way. appositu$, 'that had been placed be"ore hi$.' /ee the note on exanimtum, 0V, V. 2. QuO W $orerMtur, 'and so it ca$e to pass that Phineus was nearly dying o" starvation,'literally 'that not $uch was wanting but that Phineus would die.' @t W abesset is a clause o" result,the subject o" "actu$ est Duin W $orerMtur is a "or$ o" subordinate clause with subjunctive verbused a"ter certain negative e-pressions "a$M is ablative o" cause. Aotice that fam6s has a "i"thBdeclension ablative, but is otherwise o" the third declension. 1. RMs $ale sM habMbat, 'the situation was desperate.' *hat is the literal $eaning 07. opNniOne$ virttis, 'reputation "or bravery.'

0>. DuNn "errent. Aegative e-pressions o" doubt are regularly "ollowed by >uīn and thesubjunctive. 0U. DuantO in perNculO. /ee the note on 00, 79.



suae rMs, 'his a""airs.' /ee the note on r6s, 0>, <. 02. repperissent. Phineus used the "uture per"ect indicative. 77. nihil, used adverbially. 7>. Lera. /ee the note on V, 00. 72. Oc "actO, 'when this had been acco$plished.' /ee the note on >V, V. #he ablativeabsolute is o"ten used instead o" a subordinate clause o" ti$e, cause, condition, or the li!e.

><. 0. re"erret. /ee the note on U, 0U. >. eO cOnsiliO. /ee the note on 7<, 0. V. nM Duis, 'that no one.' 'Aegative clauses o" purpose and negative clauses o" result $ay bedistinguished by the negative4 n6, n6 >uīs, etc., "or purpose ut nōn, ut n6mō, etc., "or result. parvO intervLllO, 'a short distance apart,' ablative absolute. /ee the note on >V, 0. 9. in $ediu$ spatiu$, 'between the$.' 2. Duid "aciendu$ esset, 'what was to be done.' #he gerundive is used with sum to denotenecessary action. #his is called the passive periphrastic conjugation. <. sublLtNs W solvit, 'weighed anchor and put to sea.' *hat is the literal translation #heablative absolute is o"ten best translated by a co[rdinate verb, and this reDuires a change o" voice,"or the lac! o" a per"ect active participle in 6atin is the reason "or the use o" the ablative absolute in

such cases. " there were a per"ect active participle, it would stand in the no$inative, $odi"ying thesubject, as we have "ound the per"ect participle o" deponent verbs doing. 00. rMctL W spatiu$, 'straight between the$.' 07. caudL tantu$ L$issL, 'having lost only its tailB"eathers.' Aotice that we change the voice,as in line <, and that the use o" the ablative absolute is resorted to here "or the sa$e reason as in that

passage. a!e sure at this point that you !now three ways in which the ablative absolute $ay betranslated, as in this passage, as in line <, and as suggested in the note on >2, 72. 0V. concurrerent, 'could rush together.' /ee the note on possent , 72, 78. intellegentMs, eDuivalent to cum intelle(erent . 02. dNs, the usual "or$ o" the dative and ablative plural o" deus, as dī o" the no$inative

plural. DuOru$, eDuivalent to cum eōrum. 5 relative clause o" cause, li!e a cumBclause o" cause, hasits verb in the subjunctive. 72. negLbat. /ee the note on >U, 0U. >1. 0. trLditru$. n in"initives "or$ed with participles esse is o"ten o$itted, prius. /ee the note on 72, 79. >. PrN$u$. /ee the note on 07, 0U. V. iungendN erant. /ee the note on ><, 2. <. reN bene gerendae, 'o" acco$plishing his $ission.' *hat is the literal $eaning 08. re$ aegrM "erMbat, 'she was greatly distressed.' *hat is the literal $eaning 07. Quae W essent. /ee the note on 71, 7>.

0>. $edicNnae, objective genitive. 0V. ediL nocte. /ee the note on 1, 9. Nnsciente patre, 'without the !nowledge o" her "ather,' ablative absolute. 09. vMnit. /ee the note on >, 0>. 02. Duod W cOn"Nr$Lret, a relative clause o" purpose. 01. essent, subjunctive in in"or$al indirect discourse, or by attraction to oblineret. 78. ho$inibus. /ee the note on >V, 7V. 70. $Lgnitdine et vNribus, ablative o" speci"ication. V8. 7. nihil valMre, 'prevailed not.' 9. DuL in rM. /ee the note on 00, 79. U. cOn"Mcerit. /ee the note on 01, 77.

<. DuOs. /ee the note on >uībus, 78, 0. 1. aute$. /ee the note on 9, <. 08. essent, subjunctive by attraction.



00. DuOda$, 'so$e.' 0U. gNgnerentur, 'should be born.' *ith du$, 'until,' the subjunctive is used o" actionanticipated, as with ante>uam Isee the note on possent , 72, 78. 01. o$nibus agrN partibus. /ee the note on 0<, U. 78. $Nru$ in $odu$ X mīrō modō. 79. nesciO cr, '"or so$e reason.' /ee the note on >>, 0V.

7<. nllO negOtiO, 'with no trouble,' 'without di""iculty.' V0. >. DuNn tulisset. /ee the note on >2, 0>. 09. Dua$ prN$u$, 'as soon as possible.' /ee the note on 7>, 7. 0U. Lvectru$. /ee the note on trditBrum, >1, 0. 02. PostrNdiM Mius diMN. /ee the note on >U, 9. 01. locO. #he antecedent is "reDuently thus repeated in the relative clause. 70. DuN W essent, 'to guard the ship.' /ee the note on 0>, 0U. 77. ipse. /ee the note on 70, 01. 72. DuNda$. #his word $ay so$eti$es be rendered by the inde"inite article. 7<. dM$OnstrLvi$us. /ee the note on nrr"imus, 0V, 02. V7. 9. dor$it. /ee the note on fu(it , V, 79.

07. aliDuN. 6earn "ro$ the vocabulary the di""erence between ali>uīs and ali>uī . $Ltrandu$ sibi, 'they ought to hasten,' $ore literally 'haste ought to be $ade by the$'$Ltrandu$ Iesse is the i$personal passive, and sibi the soBcalled dative o" the agent. *ith thegerundive the person who has the thing to do is regularly e-pressed in the dative. 0U. $NrLtN. /ee the note on 79, 72. 78. dNs. /ee the note on ><, 02. 70. MvMnisset. /ee the note on acc6pissent , 7U, 70. 7>. vigiliL. #he Ro$ans divided the day "ro$ sunrise to sunset into twelve hours Ihōrae,the night "ro$ sunset to sunrise into "our watches I"i(iliae. 7V. neDue eni$. /ee the note on 2, 07. 79. ini$NcO ani$O, ablative o" description. V>. 7. hOc dolOre, 'this anger,' i=e. 'anger at this.' ALve$ longa$, 'warBgalley,' '$anBo"Bwar.' #he adjective contrasts the shape o" the $anBo"Bwar with that o" the $erchant$an. V. "ugientNs, used as a noun, 'the "ugitives.' U. DuL, ablative o" $eans. 2. DuL, 'as,' but in the sa$e construction as eLde$ celeritLte. <. Quo W caperentur. /ee the note on >2, 2. 1. neDue W posset, '"or the distance between the$ was not greater than a javelin could bethrown.' *hat is the literal translation #he clause DuO W posset denotes result the distance wasnot so (reat that a javelin could not be thrown "ro$ one ship to the other.

00. vNdisset. /ee the note on >U, 09. 09. "ugiMns, 'when she "led.' /ee the note on fessus, 7>, 09. 0<. "NlN. /ee the note on 2, <. 01. AeDue W "e"ellit, 'and edea was not $ista!en.' *hat is the literal $eaning 78. ubi prN$u$, 'as soon as,' literally 'when "irst.' 7V. prius, not to be rendered until Dua$ is reached. #he two words together $ean 'be"ore,'$ore literally 'earlier than,' 'sooner than,' #hey are so$eti$es written together I prius>uam. 79. nihil W esse, 'that it would be o" no advantage to hi$.' VV. 9. pollicitus erat. +erbs o" pro$ising do not usually ta!e in 6atin the si$ple presentin"initive, as in nglish, but the construction o" indirect discourse. 08. $ihi. #he dative o" re"erence is o"ten used in 6atin where we should use a possessive in

nglish. #ranslate here as i" the word were meus, $odi"ying diMs. 00. 6iceat $ihi, 'per$it $e,' literally 'let it be per$itted to $e.' Co$$ands and entreaties inthe third person are regularly e-pressed in the subjunctive.



du$ vNva$, 'so long as live.' #he verb with dum 'so long as' is not restricted to the present,as with dum 'while,' but any tense o" the indicative $ay be used. *e have here the "uture indicative,or the present subjunctive by attraction. 07. t. #he no$inative o" the personal pronouns is co$$only e-pressed only whene$phatic. ere the use o" the pronoun $a!es the pro$ise $ore positive. 09. re$ aegrM tulit, 'was ve-ed.' Co$pare >1, 08.

78. +ultisne, the verb "ultis and the enclitic -ne, which is used to introduce a Duestion, and isincapable o" translation. Au$ Iline 70 introduces a Duestion to which a negative answer ise-pected, and is li!ewise not to be translated, e-cept in so "ar as its e""ect is reproduced by the "or$o" the Duestion or the tone o" incredulity with which the words are spo!en. 7<. e""ervMsceret. /ee the note on V8, 0U. V9. >. stupentMs, 'in a$ae$ent.' 9. +Os. /ee the note on VV, 07. +Os and ego in the ne-t sentence are contrasted. 2. Quod ubi. /ee the note on 7<, <. 08. necLvMrunt. /ee the note on interf6cit , 0>, 0<. 0>. DuNbus. For the case see the note on >uībus, >V, 72. 09. rM vMrL, 'really.'

0<. aegrM tulMrunt, 'were indignant at.' Co$pare >1, 08, and VV, 09. 7>. CreontN. /ee the note on cui erant , 0>, 9. 79. nntiu$, 'a notice o" divorce.' 7U. dceret. /ee the note on dBxit , U, 0<. 7<. ultra$. /ee the note on >1, 0. VU. 0. +este$. Co$pare the story o" the death o" ercules, pp. >8, >0. >. Duis. /ee the note on >8, >. induisset, subjunctive by attraction. 9. nihil $alN. /ee the note on 77, 7U. 0U. itaDue, not the adverb ita>ue, but the adverb ita and the enclitic conjunction ->ue. Lera. /ee the note on V, 00. 70. in ea$ parte$, 'to that side.'

ULYSSES

V1. V. NnsidiLs. #his re"ers to the story o" the wooden horse. 1. Due$, subject o" e-cOgitLsse. #he nglish idio$ is 'who, so$e say, devised.' Aotice thate-cOgitLsse is contracted "ro$ excō(it"isse. 08. DuO, ablative o" $eans. 01. aliae W partNs, 'so$e in one direction and so$e in another,' but 6atin co$presses this

into the one clause 'others in other directions.' 78. DuL. /ee the note on V>, U. 7U. Duibusda$, dative with obvia$ "actN, 'having "allen in with,' 'having $et.' 72. 5ccidit. /ee the note on >8, 0. 98. 7. gustLssent, contracted "ro$ (ust"issent . patriae et sociOru$. +erbs o" re$e$bering and "orgetting ta!e the genitive or the accusative,

but oblī"īscor pre"ers the "or$er. V. cibO. /ee the note on 0U, 01. 9. hOrL septi$L. /ee the note on V7, 7>. 00. docuMrunt. /ee the note on V, 7U. 90. U. tantu$, the adverb. 7>. sM, 'they,' i=e. hi$sel" and his co$panions. praedandN causL, 'to steal.' Purpose is "reDuently thus e-pressed by caus with the genitive o"the gerund or gerundive. *hat other ways o" e-pressing purpose have you $et in your reading



7V. L #rOiL. #he preposition is so$eti$es used with na$es o" towns, with the $eaning '"ro$the direction o"' or '"ro$ the neighborhood o".' 79. esse. t will help you to understand indirect discourse i" you will try to discover whatwords would be used to e-press the idea in the direct "or$. ere, "or instance, the e-act words o"@lysses would have been in 6atin4 9e>ue merctōr6s sumus ne>ue praedandī caus "6nimus; sed

Trōi redeunt6s "ī tempesttum r6ctō cursB d6pulsī sumus.

72. ubi W essent. #he Duestion o" Polyphe$us was 4bi est n"is >u "ectī estis sibi W esse, 'that he $ust be e-ceedingly care"ul.' /ee the note on mtBrandum sibi, V7, 07. 71. in W esse, 'had been driven on the roc!s and entirely dashed to pieces.' /ee the note onīr D interf6cit , 0<, V. 97. 0. $e$brNs eOru$ dNvulsNs, 'tearing the$ li$b "ro$ li$b.'



V. nM W Duide$. /ee the note on >V, 79. U. ta$. Aotice that the "orce o" a second de$onstrative word is lost in the nglish rendering./o hīc tantus "ir , 'this great $an,' etc. 2. hu$N. /ee the note on >8, 0U. prOstrLtus, 'throwing hi$sel" down.' /ee the note on contin6bantur , 78, 7U. <. reN gerendae, '"or action.' Co$pare >1, <.

1. in eO W trLns"Ngeret, 'was on the point o" trans"i-ing.' #he clause o" result ut WtrLns"Ngeret is e-planatory o" in eO. 0>. nihil sibi prO"utru$. /ee the note on V>, 79. 02. hOc cOnLt. /ee the note on 0>, 00. 0<. nllL W oblLtL, 'since no hope o" sa"ety presented itsel".' /ee the note on contin6bantur ,78, 7U. 70. et. /ee the note on 7<, 0<. 7>. lLtri essent, 'would bring,' $ore literally 'were going to bring.' Aotice that insubjunctive constructions the periphrastic "or$ is necessary to e-press "uture action clearly, sincethe subjunctive has no "uture. 79. Duod, object o" the i$plied f6cerat .

9>. 0V. DuO. /ee the note on V>, 2. 09. id W saltN, 'and this was his salvation,' literally 'that which was "or sa"ety to hi$.' Forthe datives see the note on 0>, 0U. 78. tertiu$, the adverb. 77. AM$ine$. *hy is the accusative used 72. inDuit. /ee the note on 0V, 7<. 7<. Dua$ "acultLte$, "or faculttem >uam. #he antecedent is o"ten thus attracted into therelative clause, nM o$ittL$us, 'let us not neglect,' the hortatory subjunctive. 71. reN gerendae. /ee the note on 97, <. 9V. 0. e-trM$u$ pLlu$, 'the end o" the sta!e.' ?ther adjectives denoting a part o" the objectna$ed by the noun they $odi"y are medius, 'the $iddle o"' c6terus, 'the rest o"' reli>uus, 'the resto"' prīmus, 'the "irst o"' summus, 'the top o"' īmus, 'the botto$ o".' 9. du$ errat, 'wandering.' 7>. pecus. s this pecus, pecoris, or pecus, pecudis /ee the note on pecora, 78, 7U. 7V. vMnerat. *e say 'ca$e,' but the 6atin by the use o" the pluper"ect denotes that this action

preceded that o" trLctLbat. 99. 0. DuLs. /ee the note on >uibus, 78, 0. inter sM. Co$pare 70, 78. 9. "ore, 'would happen.' 09. aliDuod. Co$pare V7, 07, and the note.

0U. id W erat, 'as was indeed the case.' 02. au-iliandN causL. /ee the note on 90, 7>. 7U. correptu$ coniMcit, 'seied and threw.' 72. nOn W sub$ergerentur. /ee the note on >2, 2. 9U. VBU. #hese verses and those on p. 92 and p. 91 are Duoted "ro$ +ergil's 5eneid. U. vinclNs, "or "inculīs. <. vNrNs. 6et the Duantity o" the "irst i tell you "ro$ what no$inative this word co$es. 00. sibi pro"icNscendu$. /ee the note on mtBrandum sibi, V7, 07. 0>. ia$ pro"ectrO, 'as he was now about to set out.' 0U. nLvigantN, 'to one sailing.' 79. $NrLbantur, 'had been wondering.' *ith ia$ ddu$ and si$ilar e-pressions the

i$per"ect denotes action begun so$e ti$e be"ore and still going on at the given past ti$e. #his issi$ilar to the use o" the present already co$$ented on Isee the note on es, V, 0. 7<. cMlLta, plural because o" the plural e-pression auru$ et argentu$.



92. 0. ventN, subject o" ruunt and per"lant. 7. velut Lg$ine "actO, 'as i" "or$ed in colu$n.' >. data. Est is o$itted. 08. prOiMcissent. /ee the note on acc6pissent , 7U, 70. 0>. in terra$ Mgrediendu$ esse, 'that a landing $ust be $ade.' 0<. Dua$, an adverb $odi"ying crdMlN.

01. essent, in"or$al indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction. 78. vellet, subjunctive o" characteristic. #his na$e is given to the subjunctive when used inrelative clauses to de"ine or restrict an inde"inite or general antecedent. /o here it is not 'no one was"ound,' but 'no one willing to underta!e this tas! was "ound.' 70. dMducta est, 'ca$e.' 7>. praeesset, subjunctive o" purpose. 79. MvMnit. #his verb ta!es the sa$e construction as accidit , >8, 0. 9<. 0. nihil. /ee the note on >2, 77. 7. $ortN. Co$pare V1, 7U. 9. aliDuantu$ itineris, 'so$e distance on the journey.' #he two words are accusative o" e-tento" space and partitive genitive respectively.

00. sibi, '"or the$,' dative o" re"erence. 07. "orNs. #his is translated li!e "orLs above, but the "or$er was originally locative and isthere"ore used with verbs o" rest the latter, accusative o" place whither and there"ore used withverbs o" $otion. 09. accubuMrunt. /ee the note on >2, U. 79. perturbLtus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated.' 72. correptO. /ee the note on ><, <. 91. 0. Duid. /ee the note on >uis, >8, >. gravius, 'serious.' eN. #he direct "or$ o" these two speeches would be4 3ī >uid (ra"ius tibi acciderit, omnium

salBs in summō discrīmine erit and 96minem in"ītum m6cum addBcam; tibi licet, sī m"īs, in n"ī

man6re; e(o ipse sine Bllō praesidiō rem suscipiam . Aotice that e(o is not used to represent s6 o"line 7, but is used "or s6 o" line V "or the sa!e o" the contrast with tibi. U. nllO. nstead o" the genitive and ablative o" n6mō, nBllīus and nBllō are regularly used. 2. 5lNDuantu$ itinerNs. /ee the note on 9<, 9. 08. in eO W intrLret. /ee the note on 97, 1. 00. eN. Co$pare V1, 7U, and 9<, 7. 0V. CircMs, a Gree! "or$ o" the genitive. 0U. Au$. /ee the note on VV, 78. AOnne Iline 0V is used to introduce a Duestion to which ana""ir$ative answer is e-pected. 0<. nllNs. /ee the note on 7V, >.

77. tetigerit. /ee the note on >8, 78. t W "aciLs, 'see that you draw your sword and $a!e an attac! upon her.' 7V. vNss, 'sight,' #he use o" the plural is poetic. 79. tenue$ W aura$. #he order o" the words here is poetic. U8. 0. atDue, 'as.' 5"ter adjectives and adverbs denoting li!eness and unli!eness, this use o"at>ue is regular. >. dMpulsa est. /ee the note on V, 7U. V. sibi. /ee the note on 9<, 00. 00. ut W erat, 'as he had been instructed,' $ore literally 'as had been enjoined upon hi$.' 5nintransitive verb $ust be used i$personally in the passive, "or it is the direct object o" the activevoice that beco$es the subject o" the passive. " the intransitive verb ta!es a dative in the active, this

dative is !ept in the passive. Aotice that the corresponding nglish verbs are transitive, and that thedative $ay there"ore be rendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject in the

passive.



0>. sMnsisset. /ee the note on "īdissent , >U, 09. 0V. sibi vNta$ adi$eret, 'ta!e her li"e.' #he dative o" re"erence is thus used a"ter so$eco$pound verbs to na$e the person "ro$ who$ a thing is ta!en. #his construction is so$eti$escalled the dative o" separation. 09. ti$Ore perterrita$. /ee the note on 0V, 00. 78. eN pedMs, 'his "eet.' /ee the note on VV, 08.

70. i$perLsset, contracted "ro$ imper"isset . 77. in Ltriu$. /ee the note on 2, >. 7U. sunt, goes with reductN. 71. reliDuNs GraecNs, indirect object o" dNceret. >8. Circaea$. Aotice that this use o" the adjective instead o" the genitive o"ten cannot bei$itated in the nglish rendering, but $ust be translated by the possessive case or a prepositional

phrase. U0. <. eN persuLsu$ sit, 'he was persuaded.' /ee the note on U8, 00. #he clause ut W $anMretis the subject o" persuLsu$ sit i" the latter were active, the clause would be its object. For the tenseo" persuLsu$ sit see the note on 01, 77. 08. cOns$pserat. /ee the note on 0V, >.

patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as o"ten, with '"or.' 09. suN. /ee the note on >V, 78. 7>. anteDua$ pervenNret. *e say 'be"ore he could co$e.' /ee the note on possent , 72, 78. 7V. hOc locO. /ee the note on 7V, 7. longu$ est. *e say '2ould be tedious' or '2ould ta!e too long.'

VOCABULARY

ABBREVIATIONS

abl. X ablative. acc. X accusative. act. X active. adj. X adjective. adv. X adverb. co$p. Xco$parative. conj. X conjunction. dat. X dative. de$. X de$onstrative. ". X "e$inine. "reD. X"reDuentative. gen. X genitive. ger. X gerundive. i$pers. X i$personal. indecl. X indeclinable. inde".X inde"inite. in"in. X in"initive. interrog. X interrogative. loc. X locative. $. X $asculine. n. X neuter.

part. X participle. pass. X passive. per". X per"ect. pers. X personal. plur. X plural. prep. X preposition. pron. X pronoun or prono$inal. rel. X relative. sing. X singular. superl. X superlative. The hyphen in initial 2ords indicates the composition of the 2ords.

A

L or ab Ithe "or$er never used be"ore words beginning with a vowel or h, prep. with abl.,a2ay from, from; of; by. abditus, Ba, Bu$ :part o" abdO=, hidden, concealed . abBdO, Bdere, BdidN,Bditus, put a2ay, hide. abBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead or ta%e a2ay. abBeO, BNre, BiN, Bitrus, (o

a2ay, depart . abiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :ab Y iaciO=, thro2 a2ay. abripiO, Bripere, BripuN, Breptus:ab Y rapiO=, snatch a2ay, carry off . abscNdO, BcNdere, BcNdN, BcNsus :abs X ab Y caedO=, cut a2ay oroff . abBscindO, Bscindere, BscidN, Bscissus, tear a2ay or off . abBsu$, abesse, L"uN, L"utrus, be a2ay,

be absent, be distant; be 2antin( . abBs$O, Bs$ere, Bs$psN, Bs$ptus, ta%e a2ay, consume,destroy. 5bsyrtus, BN, $., Absyrtus. ac, see atDue. 5castus, BN, $., Acastus. accendO, Bcendere, BcendN,BcMnsus, %indle, li(ht . accidO, Bcidere, BcidN :ad Y cadO=, fall to or upon; befall, happen. accipiO,



Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus :ad Y capiO=, ta%e to oneself, recei"e, accept; hear; suffer . accu$bO,Bcu$bere, BcubuN, Bcubitus, lie do2n Iat table. accurrO, Bcurrere, BcurrN, Bcursus :ad Y currO=, run to,

come up. Lcer, Lcris, Lcre, sharp, shrill . aciMs, BMN, "., line of battle. 5crisius, BN, $., Acrisius. Lcriter:Lcer=, adv., sharply, fiercely. ad, prep. with acc., to, to2ard; at, near; for . adBa$O, Ba$Lre, Ba$LvN,Ba$Ltus, feel lo"e for, fall in lo"e 2ith. adBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead to, brin(, ta%e; induce,

influence. adBeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus, (o to, approach. adB"erO, ad"erre, attulN, adlLtus, bear to, brin( .

ad"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :ad Y "aciO=, do to, mo"e, affect; "isit, afflict . adB"lNgO, B"lNgere, B"lN-i,B"lNctus, dash to, shatter . adhibeO, BhibMre, BhibuN, Bhibitus :ad Y habeO=, hold to, employ, sho2. adBhc, adv., to this point, up to this time, yet, still . adiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :ad Y iaciO=, thro2 to,

thro2, hurl . adi$O, Bi$ere, BM$N, BM$ptus :ad Y e$O=, ta%e to oneself, ta%e a2ay. aditus, Bs :adeO=,$., approach, entrance. adBiungo, Biungere, Bin-N, Binctus, 8oin to, 8oin. adBligO, BligLre, BligLvN,BligLtus, bind to, bind . 5d$Mta, Bae, "., Admeta. adB$Nror, B$NrLrN, B$NrLtus, 2onder at, admire. adB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus, send to, admit; allo2. adBstO, BstLre, BstitN, stand at or near .adulMscMns, Bentis, $., youth, youn( man. adulMscentia, Bae :adulMscMns=, "., youth. adBrO, Brere,BssN, Bstus, set fire to, burn, scorch, sear . adBveniO, BvenNre, BvMnN, Bventus, come to or to2ard,

approach, arri"e. adventus, Bs :adveniO=, $., approach, arri"al . 5eacus, BN, $., Aeacus. aedi"icO,BLre, BLvN, BLtus :aedis Y "aciO=, ma%e a buildin(, build . aedis, Bis, "., sing. temple, plur. house.

5eMtMs, Bae, $., Aeetes. aegrM :aeger, sic% =, adv., ill, 2ith difficulty. 5egyptiN,BOru$, $. pl., E(yptians. aMneus, Ba, Bu$ :aes=, of copper or brone. 5eolia, Bae :5eolus=, "., Aeolia. 5eolus, BN, $., Aeolus. LMr, Leris, $., air . aes, aeris, n., copper, brone. 5eson, Bonis, $., Aeson. aestLs, BtLtis, "., summer . aetLs, BtLtis, "., a(e. 5ethiopMs, Bu$, $. plur., Ethiopians. 5etna, Bae, "., Etna. ager, agri,$., field, land . Lg$en, B$inis :ago=, n., band, column. LgnOscO, BgnOscere, BgnOvN, Bgnitus :ad YIgnOscO, come to %no2, reco(nie. agO, agere, MgN, Lctus, dri"e; do; pass, lead grLtiLs agere, seegrLtia. ala, Bae, "., 2in( . albus, Ba, Bu$, 2hite. 5lc$Mna, Bae, "., Alcmena. aliMnus, Ba, Bu$ :alius=,belon(in( to another, out of place. aliBDuandO, adv., at some time or other; finally, at len(th . aliBDuantu$, BDuantN, n., some2hat . aliBDuN, BDua, BDuod, inde". pron. adj., some, any. aliBDuis, BDuid,inde". pron., someone, any one, somethin(, anythin(, some, any. aliter :alius=, adv., in another 2ay,

other2ise, differently. alius, Ba, Bud, another, other aliN W aliN, Zso$e W others. alO, Bere, BuN, Btus,nourish. 5lpMs, Biu$, ". plur., Alps. alter, Bera, Beru$, one or the other Io" two another, second .altus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" alO=, hi(h, deep altu$, BN, n., the deep. 5$LonMs,Bu$, ". plur., Amaons.L$entia, Bae :L Y $Mns, mind =, "., madness. a$Ncus, BN, $., friend . LB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus,

send a2ay, lose. a$O, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, lo"e. a$or, BOris :a$O=, $., lo"e. LB$oveO, B$ovMre, B$OvN,B$Otus, mo"e a2ay. a$phora, Bae, "., 8ar, bottle. an, conj., or Iin Duestions. ancora, Bae, "., anchor in ancorNs, at anchor . 5ndro$eda, Bae, "., Andromeda. anguis, Bis, $. and "., serpent, sna%e. ani$a,Bae, "., breath, soul, life. ani$advertO, Bvertere, BvertN, Bversus :ani$us Y adBvertO=, turn the mind to,

obser"e. ani$us, BN, $., mind; heart; spirit, coura(e. annus, BN, $., year . ante, prep, with acc. andadv., before. anteL :ante=, adv., before. antecellO, Bcellere, surpass, excel . anteBDua$, conj., before

than, sooner than, before. antNDuus, Ba, Bu$, ancient . antru$, BN, n., ca"e. Ln-ius, Ba, Bu$, anxious.

aper, aprN, $., 2ild boar . aperiO, BNre, BuN, Btus, open. apertus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" aperiO=, open. 5pollo,Binis, $., Apollo. appellO, BpellLre, BpellLvN, BpellLtus, call, name. appellO, Bpellere, BpulN, Bpulsus :adY pellO=, dri"e to, brin( to with or without nLve$, put in. appetO, Bpetere, BpetNvN, BpetNtus :ad Y

petO=, dra2 near . appOnO, BpOnere, BposuN, Bpositus :ad Y pOnO=, put to or near, set before, ser"e.appropinDuO, BpropinDuLre, BpropinDuLvN, BpropinDuLtus :ad Y propinDuO=, approach to, approach.apud, prep, with acc., amon(, 2ith. aDua, Bae, "., 2ater . Lra, Bae, "., altar . arbitror, BLrN, BLtus,consider, thin%, 8ud(e. arbor, Boris, "., tree. arca, Bae, "., chest, box, ar% . 5rcadia,Bae, "., Arcadia.arcessO, Bere, BNvN, BNtus, call, summon, fetch. arcus, Bs, $., bo2. LrdeO, LrdMre, LrsN, Lrsus, be on

fire, burn. argentu$, BN, n., sil"er . 5rgO, 5rgus, "., the Ar(o. 5rgolicus, Ba, Bu$, of Ar(olis Ithedistrict o" Greece in which #iryns was situated, Ar(olic. 5rgonautae, BLru$ :5rgO Y nauta=, $.

plur., Ar(onauts. 5rgus, BN, $., Ar(us. ariMs, Betis, $., ram. ar$a, BOru$, n. plur., arms, 2eapons.

ar$Ltus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" ar$O=, armed . ar$O, BLre, BLvi, BLtus :ar$a=, arm, e>uip. arO, BLre, BLvN,BLtus, plo2. ars, artis, "., art . ascendO, Bscendere, BscendN, BscMnsus :ad Y scandO=, climb to, ascend,

mount . aspiciO, Bspicere, BspM-N, Bspectus :ad Y speciO=, loo% at or on, behold . at, conj., but . 5thMnae,



BLru$, ". plur., Athens. 5tlLs, Bantis, $., Atlas. atDue or ac Ithe latter never used be"ore words beginning with a vowel or h, conj., and a"ter words o" co$parison, as, than. Ltriu$, BN, n., hall .attingO, Btingere, BtigN, BtLctus :ad Y tango=, touch at . audLcia, Bae :audL-, bold =, "., boldness,

audacity. audeO, audMre, ausus su$, dare. audiO, BNre, BNvN, BNtus, hear; listen or attend to. au"erO,au"erre, abstulN, ablLtus :ab Y "erO=, bear a2ay, carry off . au"ugiO, B"ugere, B"gN :ab Y "ugiO=, flee orrun a2ay. 5ugMLs, Bae, $., Au(eas. aura, Bae, "., air, breee. aureus, Ba, Bu$ :auru$=, of (old,

(olden. auris, Bis, "., ear . auru$, BN, n., (old . aut, conj., or aut W aut, either D or . aute$, conj.,moreo"er; but, ho2e"er; no2. au-ilior, BLri, BLtus :au-iliu$=, help. au-iliu$, BN, n., help, aid . LBvehO, Bvehere, Bve-N, Bvectus, carry a2ay. avis, Bis, "., bird . LBvolO, BvolLre, BvolLvN, BvolLtrus, flya2ay. avus, BN, $., (randfather .

B

baculu$, BN, n., stic%, 2and . balteus, BN, $.., belt, (irdle. barbarus, Ba, Bu$, barbarian. beLtus,Ba, Bu$, happy, blessed . bellicOsus, Ba, Bu$ :bellu$=, 2ar-li%e. bellu$, BN, n., 2ar . bMlua, Bae, ".,

beast, monster . bene :bonus=, adv., 2ell; successfully. bene"iciu$, BN :bene Y "aciO=, n., 2ell-doin(,%indness, ser"ice, benefit . benNgnM :benNgnus, %ind =, adv., %indly. benNgnitLs, BtLtis :benNgnus, %ind =,"., %indness. bibO, bibere, bibN, drin% . biceps, Bcipitis :biB Y caput=, adj., t2o-headed . bonus, Ba, Bu$,

(ood . bOs, bovis, gen. plur. bou$, dat. and abl. plur. bObus, $. and "., ox, bull, co2. bracchiu$, BN,n., arm. brevis, Be, short . sNris, Bidis, $., $usiris.

C

CLcus, BN, $., 5acus. cadLver, Beris, n., dead body, corpse, carcass. cadO, cadere, cecidN,cLsrus, fall . caecus, Ba, Bu$, blind . caedMs, Bis :caedO, cut =, "., cuttin( do2n, %illin(, slau(hter .caelu$, BN, n., hea"en, s%y. Calais, Bis, $., 5alais. cala$itLs, BtLtis, "., misfortune, calamity, disaster .calceus, BN, $., shoe. cale"aciO, B"acere, B"McN, B"actus :caleO, be hot Y "aciO=, ma%e hot . calor, BOris:caleO, be hot =, $., heat . ca$pus, BN, $., plain, field . cancer, cancrN, $., crab. canis, Bis, $. and ".,do( . cantO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" canO, sin( =, sin( . cantus, Bs :canO, sin( =, $., sin(in(, son( .capiO, capere, cMpN, captus, ta%e, catch, seie; recei"e, suffer; adopt . captNvus, Ba, Bu$ :capiO=,capti"e. caput, capitis, n., head . carcer, Beris, $., prison. car$en, B$inis :canO, sin( =, n., son(,

charm. carO, carnis, "., flesh. carpO, Bere, BsN, Btus, pluc% . Castor, Boris, $., 5astor . castra, BOru$, n. plur., camp. cLs :abl. o" cLsus=, adv., by chance, accidentally. cLsus, Bs :cadO=, $., fall; chance,

accident . catMna, Bae, "., chain. cauda, Bae, "., tail . causa, Bae, "., cause, reason abl. causL, for the

sa%e of . caveO, cavMre, cLvN, cautus, be2are, ta%e care; be on one)s (uard a(ainst, be2are of .

celeber, celebris, celebre, fre>uented; reno2ned, celebrated . celeritLs, BtLtis :celer, s2ift =, "., s2iftness, >uic%ness, speed . celeriter :celer, s2ift =, adv., s2iftly, >uic%ly. cMlO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, hide,

conceal . cMna, Bae, "., dinner . cMnLculu$, BN :cMna=, n., dinin(-room. CMnaeu$, BN, n., 5enaeum Ia pro$ontory o" uboea. cMnO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :cMna=, dine. cMnseO, cMnsMre, cMnsuN, cMnsus, thin%,

belie"e, consider . centaurus, BN, $., centaur . centu$, indecl. adj., one hundred . CMpheus, BN, $.,5epheus. Cerberus, BN, $., 5erberus. Ceres, Cereris, "., 5eres. cernO, cernere, crMvN, certus or crMtus,discern, percei"e, ma%e out . certL$en, B$inis :certO, stri"e=, n., stru((le, contest . certO :abl. o"certus=, adv., 2ith certainty, for certain, certainly. certus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" cernO=, determined, fixed,

certain certiOre$ "acere, to ma%e more certain, inform. cervus, BN, $., sta( . cMterN, Bae, Ba, plur. adj.,the other, the remainin(, the rest of . CharOn, Bontis, $., 5haron. cibus, BN, $., food . cingO, cingere,cin-N, cinctus, surround, (ird . CircM, BMs, "., 5irce. Circaeus, Ba, Bu$ :CircM=, of 5irce. circiter, prep.

with acc. and adv., about . circu$, prep. with acc., around . circu$BdO, Bdare, BdedN, Bdatus, putaround, surround . circu$BstO, BstLre, BstetN, stand around . citerior, Bius :co$p. "ro$ citrL, on this

side of =, adj., on this side, hither . cithara, Bae, "., cithara, lute, lyre. citharoedus, BN :cithara=, $.,



citharoedus Ione who sings to the acco$pani$ent o" the cithara. cNvis, Bis, $. and "., citien,

fello2-citien, sub8ect . cNvitLs, BtLtis :cNvis=, "., state. clL$itO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" clL$O, call

out =, call out . cla$or, BOris :clL$O, call out =, $., shout, cry. clLva, Bae, "., club. clM$entia, Bae:clM$Mns, merciful =, "., mercy, %indness. coepN, coepisse, coeptus Iused in tenses o" co$pletedaction, ha"e be(un, be(an. cOgitO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, consider, thin% o"er . cOgnOscO, BgnOscere,BgnOvN, Bgnitus :co$B Y IgnOscO, come to %no2=, find out, learn in tenses o" co$pleted action,

ha"e found out, %no2. cOgO, cOgere, coMgN, coLctus :coB Y agO=, dri"e to(ether, collect; compel . coBhortor, BhortLrN, BhortLtus, encoura(e, exhort . ColchN, BOru$, $. plur., 5olchians. Colchis, Bidis, ".,5olchis. collu$, BN, n., nec% . colO, colere, coluN, cultus, till, culti"ate; inhabit; 2orship. color, BOris,$., color . colu$ba, Bae, "., pi(eon, do"e. colu$na, Bae, "., column, pillar . co$es, Bitis :co$B Y eO=,$. and "., companion. co$$eLtus, Bs, $., supplies, pro"isions. co$B$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus,

send to(ether; commit, intrust; expose proeliu$ co$$ittere, to 8oin battle. co$B$oror, B$orLrN,B$orLtus, tarry, lin(er, delay, stay. co$B$oveO, B$ovMre, B$OvN, B$Otus, mo"e, rouse; disturb. co$B$tLtiO, BtiOnis, "., chan(e. co$BparO, BparLre, BparLvN, BparLtus, prepare, collect . co$BpellO,Bpellere, BpulN, Bpulsus, dri"e to(ether, dri"e. co$plector, BplectN, Bple-us, embrace. co$BpleO,BplMre, BplMvN, BplMtus, fill full, fill up. co$BplrMs, Bplra, plur. adj., se"eral, many. co$BportO,BportLre, BportLvN, BportLtus, carry or brin( to(ether, collect . co$BprehendO, Bprehendere, BprehendN,

BprehMnsus, seie, catch. co$pri$O, Bpri$ere, BpressN, Bpressus :co$B Y pre$O=, press to(ether, s>ueee, compress. cOnLtus, Bs :cOnor=, $., attempt, effort . conBcMdO, BcMdere, BcessN, Bcessus, (rant, yield . conBcurrO, Bcurrere, BcurrN, Bcursus, run, rush, or dash to(ether . conBdO, Bdere, BdidN,Bditus, put to(ether, found; store a2ay. cOnB"erO, cOn"erre, contulN, conlLtus, brin( to(ether; (rant,

confer sM cOn"erre, to beta%e oneself, ma%e one)s 2ay. cOn"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :co$B Y"aciO=, ma%e or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, ma%e; 2ear out . cOnB"Nr$O, B"Nr$Lre,B"Nr$LvN, B"Nr$Ltus, stren(then, establish; declare, assert . cOnB"lNgO, B"lNgere, B"lN-N, B"lNctus, dash

to(ether . coniciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :co$B Y iaciO=, thro2 to(ether; thro2, cast, hurl . conBiungO,Biungere, Bin-N, Binctus, 8oin to(ether, 8oin. conin-, coniugis :coniungO=, $. and "., spouse,

husband, 2ife. conligO, Bligere, BlMgN, BlMctus :co$B Y legO=, (ather to(ether, collect . conBlocO,BlocLre, BlocLvN, BlocLtus, place to(ether, put, place. conloDuiu$, BN :conloDuor, tal% to(ether =, n.,con"ersation. cOnor, BLrN, BLtus, try, attempt . cOnscendO, Bscendere, BscendN, BscMnsus :co$B YscandO, climb=, climb nLve$ cOnscendere, to climb the ship, (o on board, embar% . cOnsMnsus, Bs:cOnsentiO, a(ree, $., a(reement, consent . cOnBseDuor, BseDuN, Bsectus, follo2 up, follo2;

o"erta%e. cOnBservO, BservLre, BservLvN, BservLtus, preser"e, %eep. cOnBsNdO, BsNdere, BsMdN, Bsessus, sit

do2n. cOnsiliu$, BN :cOnsulO=, n., ad"ice; plan, desi(n, purpose; prudence. cOnBsistO, Bsistere, BstitN,Bstitus, station oneself, ta%e one)s stand; consist . cOnspectus, Bs :cOnspiciO=, $., si(ht . cOnspiciO,Bspicere, BspM-N, Bspectus :co$B Y speciO, loo% =, behold, percei"e, see. cOnstituO, Bstituere, BstituN,Bstittus :co$B Y statuO=, set to(ether or up; appoint; determine. cOnBstO, BstLre, BstitN, BstLtrus,

stand to(ether, a(ree; consist cOnstat, it is a(reed, is 2ell %no2n. cOnBsuMscO, BsuMscere, BsuMvN,BsuMtus, become accustomed in tenses o" co$pleted action, ha"e become accustomed, be

accustomed or 2ont . cOnsulO, Bere, BuN, Btus, consult . cOnBs$O, Bs$ere, Bs$psN, Bs$ptus, ta%ecompletely, use up, consume, spend . conBtegO, Btegere, BtM-N, BtMctus, co"er . conBtendO, Btendere,BtendN, Btentus, stretch, hasten. continMns, Bentis :contineO=, "., )mainland, continent . contineO,BtinMre, BtinuN, Btentus :co$B Y teneO=, hold to(ether, %eep 2ithin, shut up in; bound . continuus, Ba,Bu$ :contineO=, continuous, successi"e. contrL, prep, with acc., a(ainst, contrary to. contrOversia,Bae, "., >uarrel, dispute, debate. conBveniO, BvenNre, BvMnN, Bventus, come to(ether, assemble. conBvertO, Bvertere, BvertN, Bversus, turn round, turn, chan(e in "uga$ convertere, to put to fli(ht . conBvocO, BvocLre, BvocLvN, BvocLtus, call to(ether, summon, assemble. coBorior, BorNrN, Bortus, arise.cOpia, Bae, "., supply, abundance plur., forces, troops. Corinthus, BN, $., 5orinth. coriu$, BN, n., hide,

leather . corn, Bs, n., horn. corpus, corporis, n., body. corripiO, Bripere, BripuN, Breptus :co$B YrapiO=, seie, snatch, snatch up. cottNdiM, adv., daily, e"ery day. crMdibilis, Be :crMdO=, credible. crMdO,

Bdere, BdidN, Bditus, belie"e. creO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, elect, appoint . CreOn, Bontis, $., 5reon. crepNtus,Bs :crepO, rattle=, $., rattle, clatter . crepundia, BOru$ :crepO, rattle=, n. plur., rattle. CrMta, Bae, ".,5rete. cruciLtus, Bs :cruciO, torture=, $., torture. crdMlis, Be, cruel . crs, crris, n., le( . cubiculu$,



BN :cubO=, n., bedroom. cubO, BLre, BuN, lie do2n, lie, recline. culter, cultrN, $., %nife. cu$, prep, withabl., 2ith. cu$, conj., 2hen, 2hile, after; since; althou(h. cnae, Baru$, ". plur., cradle. cupiditLs,BtLtis :cupidus=, "., desire, lon(in(, ea(erness. cupidus, Ba, Bu$ :cupiO=, desirous, ea(er . cupiO, Bere,BNvN, BNtus, desire, lon( for, 2ish. cr, adv., 2hy. currO, currere, cucurrN, cursus, run. cursus, Bs, $.,chariot . cursus, Bs :currO=, $., runnin( , course. custOdiO, BNre, BNvN, BNtus :custOs, (uard, (uard .CyclOps, Bis, $., 5yclops Cyicus, BN, "., 5yicus.

D

da$nu$, BN, n., harm, in8ury. %anaM, BMs, "., anae. dM, prep, with abl., do2n from, from, out

of; about, concernin( , of . dMbeO, BMre, BuN, Bitus :dMY habeO=, o2e with in"in., ou(ht . dMbitus, Ba,Bu$ :part, o" dMbeO=, o2ed, due. dMBcMdO, BcMdere, BcessN, Bcessus, (o a2ay, depart . dece$, indecl.adj., ten. dMcidO, Bcidere, BcidN :dM Y cadO=, fall do2n. deci$us, Ba, Bu$ :dece$=, tenth. dMcipiO,Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus :dM Y capiO=, catch, decei"e. decorO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :decus, adornment,

adorn, distin(uish. dMBcurrO, Bcurrere, BcucurrN, Bcursus, run do2n. dMBdecus, Bdecoris, n., dishonor ,

dis(race. dMBdO, Bdere, BdidN, Bditus, (i"e a2ay or up. dMBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead do2n ora2ay, brin( nLve$ dMdcere, to dra2 do2n or launch a ship. dMB"endO, B"endere, B"endN, B"Mnsus,2ard off; defend . dMB"erO, B"erre, BtulN, BlLtus, bear or carry a2ay or off . dMB"essus, Ba, Bu$, 2orn out ,exhausted . dM"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :dM Y "aciO=, fail . %MianNra, Bae, "., e8anira. dMiciO, Bicere,BiMcN, Biectus :dM Y iaciO=, thro2 do2n, cast, dri"e out of one)s course. deinde, adv., then, next . dMBlLbor, BlLbN, Blapsus, slip or fall do2n. dMligO, Bligere, BlMgN, BlMctus :dM Y legO=, choose out, choose,

select . %elphN, BOru$, $. plur., elphi. %elphicus, Ba, Bu$ :%elphN=, of elphi, elphic, elphian.dM$issus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" dM$ittO=, do2ncast, de8ected . dMB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus, send

do2n, let fall ani$Os dM$ittere, to lose coura(e. dMB$OnstrO, B$OnstrLre, B$OnstrLvN, B$OnstrLtus, point out, sho2; ma%e %no2n. dM$u$, adv., at last . dMniDue, adv., lastly, finally. dMns, dentis, $.,tooth. dMnsus, Ba, Bu$, thic% . dMBpellO, Bpellere, BpulN, Bpulsus, dri"e off or a2ay, dri"e. dMBplOrO,

BplOrLre, BplOrLvN, BplOrLtus, lament . dMBpOnO, BpOnere, BposuN, Bpositus, put do2n, deposit; layaside, (i"e up M $e$oriL dMpOnere, to for(et . dMripiO, Bripere, BripuN, Breptus :dM Y rapiO=, snatch

a2ay, tear off, pull do2n. dMscendO, Bscendere, BscendN, BscMnsus :dM Y scandO=, climb do2n,

descend . dMBserO, Bserere, BseruN, Bsertus, desert . dMsertus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" dMserO=, deserted .dMsNderiu$, BN :dMsNderO, desire, n., desire, lon(in( . dMsiliO, BsilNre, BsiluN, Bsultus :dM Y saliO=, leap

do2n. dMBsistO, Bsistere, BstitN, Bstitus, set do2n; lea"e off, desist, cease, stop. dMBspMrO, BspMrLre,BspMrLvN, BspMrLtus, despair . dMBsuper, adv., do2n from abo"e. dMBterreO, BterrMre, BterruN, Bterritus,

fri(hten off, deter . dMBtrahO, Btrahere, BtrL-N, BtrLctus, dra2 or pull off . deus, BN, $., (od . dMBvertO,Bvertere, BvertN, turn a2ay or aside. dMBvorO, BvorLre, BvorLvN, BvorLtus, s2allo2 do2n, s2allo2,

de"our . de-ter, Btra, Btru$, ri(ht . de-tra, Bae :de-ter=, "., ri(ht hand I$anus understood. %iLna, Bae,"., iana. dNcO, dNcere, dN-N, dictus, say, spea% die$ dNcere, to appoint or set a day. diMs, BMN, $. and

"., day. di""icilis, Be :disB Y "acilis=, not easy, difficult . di""icultas, BtLtis :di""icilis=, "., difficulty.di""undO, B"undere, B"dN, B"sus :disB Y "undO=, pour forth, spread or shed abroad, diffuse. dNligenter:dNligMns, careful =, adv., carefully, dili(ently. dNligentia, Bae :dNligMns, careful =, "., care, dili(ence,

industry. dNBlcMscO, BlcMscere, Bl-N, (ro2 li(ht, da2n. dNlcidM :dNlcidus, distinct =, adv.,distinctly, plainly. dNB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus, send different 2ays, send forth or a2ay,

despatch; let slip, lose. %io$MdMs, Bis, $., iomedes. dNrus, Ba, Bu$, dreadful . disBcMdO, BcMdere,BcessN, Bcessus, (o apart, 2ithdra2, depart . discO, discere, didicN, learn. discrN$en, BcrN$inis, n.,crisis, peril, dan(er . discus, BN, $., discus, >uoit . disiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :disB Y iaciO=, thro2

apart, scatter . di, adv., for a lon( time, a lon( time or 2hile, lon( co$p. ditius, lon(er . dNBvellO,Bvellere, BvellN, Bvulsus, tear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces . dNversus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" dNverto=,turned different 2ays, opposite, contrary, different . dNvidO, Bvidere, BvNsN, BvNsus, di"ide, separate.dO, dare, dedN, datus, (i"e. doceo, BMre, BuN, Btus, teach, explain. dolor, BOris :doleO, be in pain=, $.,

pain, (rief; an(er . dolus, BN, $., tric%, craft . do$ina, Bae, "., mistress. do$us, Bs, "., house, home.dOnu$, BN :do=, n., (ift . dor$iO, BNre, BNvN, sleep. dracO, BOnis, $., dra(on, serpent . dubitO, BLre, BLvN,



BLtus :dubius=, doubt, hesitate. dubius, Ba, Bu$, doubtful, uncertain. dcO, dcere, d-N, ductus:du-=, lead; ma%e, di( with or without in $Ltri$Oniu$, marry. ddu$, adv., formerly, of old ia$ddu$, this lon( time. dulcMdO, Binis :dulcis=, "., s2eetness. dulcis, Be, s2eet . du$, conj., 2hile, as;

as lon( as; until . duo, Bae, Bo, plur. adj., t2o. duodeci$ :duo Y dece$=, indecl. adj., t2el"e. duoBdMBvNgintN, indecl. adj., ei(hteen. du-, ducis, $. and "., leader, commander .

E

M, see e-. Mbrius, Ba, Bu$, drun% . MBdNcO, BdNcere, BdN-N, Bdictus, declare, proclaim, appoint . MBdO, Bdere, BdidN, Bditus, put forth, (i"e out, utter . MBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead out, dra2.e""ervMscO, B"ervMscere, B"erbuN :e- Y "ervMscO=, boil up or o"er, boil . e""iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus:e- Y "aciO=, ma%e or 2or% out, accomplish, effect . e""lO, B"lLre, B"lLvN, B"lLtus :e- Y "lO=, breathe out .e""ugio, B"ugere, B"gN :e- Y "ugiO=, flee out or a2ay, escape. e""undO, B"undere, B"dN, B"sus :e- Y"undO=, pour out . ego, $eN, pers. pron., ! . Mgredior, BgredN, Bgressus :M Y gradior=, (o out or forth, (o

ashore, disembar% . MgregiM :Mgregius, excellent =, adv., excellently, splendidly, admirably. Mlis, Bidis,

"., Elis. lysius, Ba, Bu$, Elysian. MB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus, send out or forth. eni$, conj., for . MBnntiO, BnntiLre, BnntiLvN, BnntiLtus, spea% out, announce, ma%e %no2n. eO, Nre, iN, itus, (o.eO :is=, adv., to that place, thither . eDuus, BN, $., horse. MrMctus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" MrigO=, upri(ht,

erect . ergL, prep, with acc., to2ard, for . rgNnus, BN, $., Er(inus. Mridanus, BN, $., Eridanus. MrigO,Brigere, BrM-N, BrMctus :M Y regO=, raise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encoura(e. MripiO, Bripere, BripuN,Breptus :M Y rapiO=, snatch out or a2ay, rescue. errO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, 2ander, stray; be mista%en.MrudiO, BrudNre, BrudNvN, BrudNtus, instruct . ry$anthius, Ba, Bu$, of Erymanthus, Erymanthian.rythNa, Bae, "., Erythia. et, conj., and et W et, both D and . etia$ :et Y ia$=, adv., and no2, also,

too, e"en. etBsN, conj., e"en if, althou(h. uno$us, BN, $., Eunomus. urOpa, Bae, "., Europe.urylochus, BN, $., Eurylochus. urystheus, BN, $., Eurystheus. urytiOn, BOnis, $., Eurytion.urytus, BN, $., Eurytus. MBvLdO, BvLdere, BvLsN, BvLsus, (o forth, (et a2ay, escape. MBvLnMscO,

BvLnMscere, BvLnuN, "anish a2ay. MBveniO, BvenNre, BvMnN, Bventus, come out; turn out, happen, befall .MBvocO, BvocLre, BvocLvN, BvocLtus, call out, challen(e. MBvo$O, Bvo$ere, Bvo$uN, Bvo$itus, "omit

forth. e- or M Ithe latter never used be"ore words beginning with a vowel or h, prep. with abl., out

of, from; of . e-Bani$O, Bani$Lre, Bani$LvN, Bani$Ltus, put out of breath, fati(ue, tire, exhaust;

stupefy; %ill . e-BLrdMscO, BLrdMscere, BLrsN, BLrsus, blae out, be inflamed, ra(e. e-BcMdO, BcMdere,BcessN, Bcessus, (o out or forth, depart . e-cipiO, Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus :e- Y capiO=, ta%e out or up,

recei"e, 2elcome, entertain. e-BcitO, BcitLre, BcitLvN, BcitLtus, call out, arouse. e-BclL$O, BclL$Lre,BclL$LvN, BclL$Ltus, cry out, exclaim. e-cldO, Bcldere, BclsN, Bclsus :e- Y claudO=, shut out,

hinder, pre"ent . e-BcOgitO, BcOgitLre, BcOgitLvN, BcOgitLtus, thin% out, contri"e, de"ise, in"ent . e-BcruciO, BcruciLre, BcruciLvN, cruciLtus, torture. e-BeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus, (o out . e-erceO, BercMre, BercuN,Bercitus, exercise. e-ercitLtiO, BOnis :e-erceO=, "., exercise. e-ercitus, Bs, $., army. e-Bhaurio,

BhaurNre, BhausN, Bhaustus, drin% up or off, drain. e-Nsti$O, BNsti$Lre, BNsti$LvN, BNsti$Ltus :e- Yaesti$o, "alue, consider, belie"e, thin% . e-Borior, BorNrN, Bortus, arise from, sprin( up, rise. e-BpellO,Bpellere, BpulN, Bpulsus, dri"e out, expel . e-BpiO, BpiLre, BpiLvN, BpiLtus, expiate. e-plOrLtor, BOris:e-plOrO=, $., explorer, scout, spy. e-BplOrO, BplOrLre, BplOrLvN, BplOrLtus, search out, explore. e-B

pOnO, BpOnere, BposuN, Bpositus, put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain. e-pri$O, Bpri$ere,BpressN, Bpressus :e- Y pre$O=, press out . e-siliO, BsilNre, BsiluN :e- Y saliO=, leap out or forth.e-siliu$, BN :e-sul, exile=, n., exile. e-BspectO, BspectLre, BspectLvN, BspectLtus, loo% out for, 2ait for,

a2ait, expect; 2ait . e-BspNrO, BspNrLre, BspNrLvN, BspNrLtus, breathe out . e-BstruO, Bstruere, Bstr-N,Bstrctus, pile or heap up, build, erect . e-te$plO, adv., immediately, strai(ht2ay, at once. e-BtrahO,Btrahere, BtrL-N, BtrLctus, dra2 or dra( out, release, rescue. e-trM$us, Ba, Bu$, last, extreme, furthest .e-uO, Buere, BuN, Btus, put or ta%e off .



F

"aber, "abrN, $., smith. "abricor, BLrN, BLtus :"aber=, ma%e, fashion. "Lbula, Bae :"or, spea% =, "., story. "acile :"acilis, easy=, adv., easily. "acinus, "acinoris :"aciO=, n., deed, crime. "aciO, "acere, "McN,"actus, ma%e, do iter "acere, see iter. "acultLs, BtLtis :"acilis, easy=, "., possibility, opportunity,

chance, means. "allO, "allere, "e"ellN, "alsus, decei"e. "alsus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" "allO=, fei(ned,

pretended, false. "al-, "alcis, "., sic%le; cur"ed s2ord, falchion. "L$a, Bae :"or, spea% =, "., report,

rumor . "a$Ms, Bis, abl. "a$M, "., hun(er . "Lr, "arris, n., (rain; meal . "Ltu$, BN :part. o" "or, spea% =, n.,destiny, fate. "aucMs, Biu$, ". plur., throat . "a-, "acis, "., torch, firebrand . "MlNciter :"MlN-, happy=, adv.,happily, fortunately, successfully. "M$ina, Bae, "., 2oman. "era, Bae :"erus, 2ild =, "., 2ild animal,

beast . "erM, adv., nearly, about, almost, for the most part . "erO, "erre, tulN, lLtus, bear, brin( . "erO-,BOcis :"erus, 2ild =, adj., fierce, sa"a(e. "erreus, Ba, Bu$ :"erru$, iron=, of iron, iron. "erveO, BMre,boil; (lo2, burn. "essus, Ba, Bu$, exhausted, 2orn out, 2eary. "igra, Bae, "., form, shape, fi(ure."Nlia, Bae, "., dau(hter . "Nlius, BN, $., son. "ingO, "ingere, "in-N, "ictus, in"ent, ma%e up. "Nnis, Bis, $.,end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country. "Nniti$us, Ba, Bu$ :"Nnis=, nei(hborin(, ad8oinin( .

"NO, "ierN, "actus su$, be done or made, become, happen. "la$$a, Bae, "., flame. "l$en, B$inis :"luO, flo2=, n., ri"er . "Ons, "ontis, $., fountain, sprin( . "orLs :"oris=, adv., out of doors, forth, out . "orNs:"oris=, adv., out of doors, 2ithout . "oris, Bis, "., door . "Or$a, Bae, "., form, appearance; beauty."Or$Osus, Ba, Bu$ :"Or$a=, beautiful . "orte :"ors, chance=, adv., by chance, accidentally. "ortis, Be,bra"e. "ortiter :"ortis=, adv., bra"ely. "ortna, Bae :"ors, chance=, "., fortune. "ossa, Bae :part. o" "odiO,di( =, "., ditch, trench. "rangO, "rangere, "rMgN, "rLctus, brea%; dash to pieces, 2rec% . "rLter, "rLtris, $.,brother . "raus, "raudis, "., deception, fraud . "re$itus, Bs :"re$O, roar =, $., roarin(, roar . "rMnO,BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"rMnu$, bridle=, bridle, restrain. "retu$, BN, n., strait . "rOns, "rontis, "., forehead ."rctus, Bs :"ruor, en8oy=, $., en8oyment; fruit . "r$entor, BLrN, BLtus :"r$entu$=, fetch (rain,

fora(e. "r$entu$, BN :"ruor, en8oy=, n., (rain. "rstrL, adv., in "ain. "uga, Bae, "., fli(ht . "ugiO,"ugere, "gN, "ugitrus :"uga=, flee, run a2ay. "$us, BN, $., smo%e. "uror, BOris :"urO, ra(e=, $.,

ra(e, fury, freny, madness. "rtu$, BN :"r, thief =, n., theft .

G

galea, Bae, "., helmet . Gallia, Bae, "., 'aul . gaudeO, gaudMre, gLvNsus, be (lad, re8oice.gaudiu$, BN :gaudeO=, n., (ladness, 8oy. gMns, gentis, "., race, nation. genus, generis, n., %ind, nature.gerO, gerere, gessN, gestus, carry, 2ear; carry on, do. GMryOn, Bonis, $., 'eryon. gNgnO, gNgnere,genuN, genitus, produce, brin( forth. gladius, BN, $., s2ord . GlaucM, BMs, "., 'lauce. glOria, Bae, ".,

(lory. GorgO, Bonis, "., 'or(on. Graeae, BLru$, ". plur., the 'raeae. Graecia, Bae :Graecus=, ".,

'reece. Graecus, Ba, Bu$, 'ree% . grLtia, Bae :grLtus=, "., fa"or; (ratitude, than%s plur., than%sgrLtiLs agere, to (i"e than%s, than% grLtia$ re"erre, to return a fa"or, sho2 (ratitude, re>uite.grLtus, Ba, Bu$, pleasin(, (rateful . gravis, Be, hea"y; se"ere, (rie"ous, serious. graviter :gravis=,adv., se"erely, seriously. gubernO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, steer . gustO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, taste.

H

habeO, BMre, BuN, Bitus, ha"e, hold; consider . habitO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" habeO=, d2ell,

inhabit . LdMs, Bae, $., *ades. haereO, haerMre, haesN, haesrus, stic%; hesitate. haesitO, BLre, BLvN,BLtus :"reD. o" haereO=, hesitate. a$$On, BOnis, $., *ammon. harMna, Bae, "., sand; shore.arpSiae, BLru$, ". plur., *arpies. haud, adv., not at all, by no means, not . haudDuLDua$ :haud YDuisDua$=, adv., in no 2ise, not at all . hauriO, haurNre, hausN, haustus, dra2. herba, Bae, "., herb,

plant . erculMs, Bis, $., *ercules. MsionM, BMs, "., *esione. esperidMs, Bu$, ". plur., the



*esperides. hesternus, Ba, Bu$ :herN, yesterday=, of yesterday, yesterday)s, hesternus diMs, yesterday.hNc :hNc=, adv., here; hereupon. hNc, haec, hOc, de$. pron., this ille W hNc, that D this, the former D

the latter . hinc :hNc=, adv., from this place, hence. ippolytM, BMs, "., *ippolyte. ispLnia, Bae, ".,3pain. o$Mrus, NB, $., *omer . ho$O, ho$inis, $., man. honor, BOris, $., honor . hOra, Bae, "., hour .horribilis, Be :horreO, shudder =, dreadful, terrible, horrible. hortor, BLrN, BLtus, exhort, encoura(e,

ur(e. hortus, BN, $., (arden. hospitiu$, BN :hospes, host =, n., hospitality. hostis, Bis, $. and "., enemy,

foe. hc :hNc=, adv., to this place, hither . h$Lnus, Ba, Bu$ :ho$O=, of man, human. hu$N :loc. o"hu$us, (round =, adv., on the (round . ydra, Bae, "., *ydra. ylLs, Bae, $., *ylas.

I

iaceO, BMre, BuN, lie, be prostrate. iaciO, iacere, iMcN, iactus, thro2, cast, hurl . ia$, adv., no2,

already. iLnua, Bae, "., door . LsOn, Bonis, $., 0ason. ibi :is=, adv., in that place, there. Nctus, Bs :NcO, stri%e=, $., blo2. Nde$, eade$, ide$ :is=, de$. pron., the same so$eti$es to be translated li%e2ise,

also. idOneus, Ba, Bu$, suitable, fit; fa"orable. igitur, conj., therefore. NgnLrus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y

gnLrus, %no2in( =, i(norant . NgnLvus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y gnLvus, acti"e=, lay, co2ardly. Ngnis, Bis,$., fire. NgnOrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, be i(norant of . NgnOtus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y nOtus=, un%no2n. Nlias,Badis, "., the !liad . ille, illa, illud, de$. pron., that; he, she, it, they ille W hNc, see hNc. i$ber, i$bris,$., rain, sho2er . i$buO, Bbuere, BbuN, Bbtus, 2et, soa%, dip. i$$LnitLs, BtLtis :i$$Lnis, cruel =, ".,cruelty, barbarity. i$$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus, send or let in. i$$olO, B$olLre, B$olLvN,B$olLtus :in Y $ola=, sacrifice Ithe victi$ was sprin!led with consecrated $eal. i$pediO, BpedNre,BpedNvN, BpedNtus :in Y pMs=, hinder, pre"ent, impede. i$pellO, Bpellere, BpulN, Bpulsus :in Y pellO=,dri"e or ur(e on, incite, ur(e. i$perLtor, BOris :i$perO=, $., commander, (eneral . i$perLtu$, BN:part, o" i$perO=, n., command, order . i$perNtus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y perNtus=, inexperienced,

uns%illed, i(norant . i$periu$, BN :i$perO=, n., command; s2ay, rule. i$perO, BperLre, BperLvN,BperLtus, command, order, en8oin. i$petrO, BpetrLre, BpetrLvN, BpetrLtus, (ain one)s end, obtain Ia

reDuest. i$petus, Bs :in Y petO=, $., attac% i$petu$ "acere, to char(e. i$pOnO, BpOnere, BposuN,Bpositus :in Y pOnO=, place or lay upon, impose; embar% . i$probus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y probus,upri(ht =, 2ic%ed . in, prep, with acc., into, in, to, upon with abl., in, on. incidO, Bcidere, BcidN :in YcadO=, fall into or upon. incldO, Bcldere, BclsN, Bclsus :in Y claudO, shut =, shut up in, inclose,

imprison. incola, Bae :incolO=, $. and "., inhabitant . inBcolO, Bcolere, BcoluN, inhabit . incolu$is, Be,unhurt, safe. inBco$$odu$, BN, n., incon"enience. inBcrMdibilis, e, incredible. inBdcO, Bdcere, d-N,Bductus, lead in or on, mo"e, excite. induO, induere, induN, indtus, put on; clothe. inBeO, BNre, BiN,Bitus, (o into, enter; adopt . Nn"andus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y ger. o" "or, spea% =, unspea%able, monstrous.

Nn"Lns, B"antis :inB, not Y part. o" "or, spea% =, $. and "., infant, babe. Nn"ectus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y part.o" "aciO=, not done, undone, unaccomplished . NnB"MlN-, B"MlNcis, adj., unhappy, unfortunate. Nn"erN,BOru$ :Nn"erus, belo2=, $. plur., inhabitants of the under2orld, the dead, the shades. Nn"erO, Nn"erre,

intulN, inlLtus, brin( in or a(ainst, 2a(e a(ainst; inflict . Nn"Mstus, Ba, Bu$, unsafe, dan(erous. Nn"iciO,B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :in Y "aciO=, stain, dye. NnB"undO, B"undere, B"dN, B"sus, pour in or upon.ingMns, Bgentis, adj., hu(e, "ast . iniciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :in YiaciO=, thro2 in or upon; cause,

inspire. ini$Ncus, Ba, Bu$ :inB, not Y a$Ncus=, unfriendly, hostile. initiu$, BN :ineO=, n., be(innin( .iniria, Bae :inB, not Y is=, "., in8ury, 2ron(, hurt, harm. inluviMs, BMN, "., dirt, filth. inDua$, inDuis,inDuit, de"ective verb, ! say, you say, he says. inBrNdeO, BrNdMre, BrNsN, BrNsus, lau(h at, moc% . inBru$pO, Bru$pere, BrpN, Bruptus, burst into or in. inBruO, Bruere, BruN, rush in. NnsLnia, Bae :NnsLnus,mad =, "., madness, insanity. NnsciMns, Bscientis :inB, not Y part. o" sciO=, adj., un%no2in(, una2are.

NnBseDuor, BseDuN, Bsectus, follo2 upon or up, pursue. Nnsidiae, BLru$, ". plur., ambush; plot,

strata(em. NnspergO, Bspergere, BspersN, Bspersus :in Y spargO=, sprin%le on or o"er . NnspiciO, Bspicere,BspM-N, Bspectus :in Y speciO=, loo% into or upon. NnstituO, Bstituere, BstituN, Bstittus :in Y statuO=,decide upon, determine. NnBstruo, Bstruere, Bstr-N, Bstrctus, build in or into; dra2 up; e>uip,

furnish, Nnsula, Bae, "., island . intellegO, Blegere, BlM-N, BlMctus, percei"e, understand . inBtendO,Btendere, BtendN, Btentus, stretch out; stretch, dra2, aim. inter, prep, with acc., amon(, bet2een.



intereL :inter=, adv., in the meantime, mean2hile. inter"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :inter Y "aciO=, put

out of the 2ay, %ill . interior, Bius :co$p. "ro$ inter=, adj., interior, inner . interB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN,B$Nssus, lea"e off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left bet2een, inter"ene, elapse. interBsu$, Besse,B"uN, B"utrus, be or lie bet2een. intervLllu$, BN, n., inter"al, space, distance. intrL :inter=, prep. withacc., 2ithin. intrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :intrL=, (o 2ithin or into, enter . introitus, Bs :introeO, (o 2ithin=,$., entrance. inBtueor, BtuMrN, Btuitus, loo% upon, behold . inBsitLtus, Ba, Bu$, unusual, extraordinary.

inBtilis, Be, not useful, useless. inBveniO, BvenNre, BvMnN, Bventus, come upon, find . invNtO, BLre, BLvN,BLtus, in"ite. invNtus, Ba, Bu$, un2illin( . olLus, BN, $., !olaus. olM, BMs, "., !ole. ovis, gen. o"uppiter. NphiclMs, Bis, $., !phicles. ipse, ipsa, ipsu$, intensive pron., self, himself, herself, itself,

themsel"es o"ten to be rendered by "ery. Nra, Bae, "., an(er, 2rath. NrLscor, NrLscN, NrLtus :Nra=, be

an(ry. NrLtus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" NrLscor=, an(ered, enra(ed, an(ry, furious. is, ea, id, de$. pron., this,

that; he, she, it, they. iste, ista, istud, de$. pron., that of yours, that . ita :is=, adv., in this manner,

thus, so ita ut, as. Ntalia, Bae, "., !taly. itaBDue, adv., and so, accordin(ly, therefore. iter, itineris :eO=,n., a (oin(, 8ourney, march iter "acere, to 8ourney, march. iteru$, adv., a(ain, a second time. thaca,Bae, "., !thaca. iubeO, iubMre, iussN, issus, bid, order, command . icundus, Ba, Bu$, s2eet, pleasant .ide-, idicis :is Y dNcO=, $., 8ud(e. iugu$, BN :iungO=, n., yo%e. iungO, iungere, in-N, inctus, 8oin;

yo%e, harness. nO, BOnis, "., 0uno. uppiter, ovis, $., 0upiter or 0o"e. is, iris, n., ri(ht, 8ustice,

la2 is dNcere, to pronounce 8ud(ment is irandu$, iris irandN :ger. o" irO, s2ear =, oath.issu$, BN :part, o" iubeO=, n., order, command . issus, Bs :iubeO=, $., biddin(, command . istus, Ba,Bu$ :is=, 8ust . iuvenis, Bis, $., youn( man, youth.

L

lLbor, lLbN, lapsus, slip, (lide, fall . labor, BOris, $., labor, toil . labOrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :labor=,labor, toil . lLc, lactis, n., mil% . 6acOnia, Bae, "., Laconia. lacri$a, Bae, "., tear . lacus, Bs, $., la%e.laetitia, Bae :laetus, 8oyful =, "., 8oy. lL$enta, BOru$, n. plur., lamentation. 6Lo$edOn, Bontis, $.,

Laomedon. lapis, Bidis, $., stone. laDueus, BN, $., noose. 6LrNsa, Bae, "., Larisa. lassitdO, Binis:lassus, 2eary=, "., 2eariness. lateO, BMre, BuN, lie hid, be concealed . latrO, BOnis, $., robber . lLtus, Ba,Bu$, broad, 2ide. lMgLtus, BN :part. o" lMgO, depute=, $., ambassador . lMnis, Be, (entle. leO, BOnis, $.,lion. 6ernaeus, Ba, Bu$, of Lerna, Lernean. 6MthM, BMs, "., Lethe. levis, Be, li(ht, sli(ht . leviter :levis=,adv., sli(htly. libenter :libMns, 2illin( =, adv., 2illin(ly, (ladly. lNberN, BOru$ :lNber, free=, $. plur.,children. lNberO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :lNber, free=, set free, free, liberate, release. lNbertLs, BtLtis :lNber,

free=, "., freedom, liberty. 6ibya, Bae, "., Libya, Africa. licet, BMre, Buit or Bitu$ est, i$pers., is la2ful

or permitted . 6ichLs, Bae, $., Lichas. lNgneus, Ba, Bu$ :lNgnu$=, of 2ood, 2ooden. lNgnu$, BN, n.,2ood . 6igurMs, Bu$, $. plur., Li(urians. 6iguria, Bae :6igurMs=, "., Li(uria. lN$en, B$inis, n.,threshold; door . lN$us, BN, $., mud . linter, lintris, "., boat, s%iff . 6inus, BN, $., Linus. lNtus, lNtoris, n.,

shore. locus, BN, $., plur. loca, Boru$, n., place, situation. longM :longus=, adv., far . longinDuus, Ba,

Bu$ :longus=, distant, remote. longus, Ba, Bu$, lon(; tedious. loDuor, loDuN, loctus, spea% . lOtus, BN,"., lotus. lucru$, BN, n., (ain. luctor, BLrN, BLtus, 2restle, stru((le. ldus, BN, $., (ame, sport . l$en,B$inis, n., li(ht . l-, lcis, "., li(ht .

M

$agicus, Ba, Bu$, ma(ic. $agis, co$p. adv., more, rather . $agister, BtrN :$agis=, $., master .$Lgni"icM :$Lgni"icus=, adv., splendidly. $Lgni"icentia, Bae :$Lgni"icus=, "., splendor,

ma(nificence. $Lgni"icus, Ba, Bu$ :$Lgnus Y "aciO=, splendid, ma(nificent . $LgnitdO, Btdinis

:$Lgnus=, "., (reatness, sie. $Lgnopere :abl. o" $Lgnu$ opus=, adv., (reatly, "ery much,exceedin(ly; earnestly. $Lgnus, Ba, Bu$, lar(e, bi(, (reat, mi(hty; loud . $Lior, $Lius, co$p. o"$Lgnus. $ale :$alus=, adv., badly, ill . $LlO, $Llle, $LluN :$agis Y volO=, 2ish rather, prefer .



$alu$, BN :$alus=, n., e"il, mischief . $alus, Ba, Bu$, bad . $Llus, BN, $., mast . $andO, BdLre, BdLvN,BdLtus :$anus Y BdO, put =, put in hand, intrust, commit; char(e, command . $Lne, adv., in the

mornin(, early in the mornin( . $aneO, $anMre, $LnsN, $Lnsus, remain. $LnMs, Biu$, $. plur., spirit, shade. $anus, Bs, "., hand . $are, $aris, n., sea. $arNtus, BN, $., husband . Lrs, Lrtis, $., +ars. $Lter, $Ltris, "., mother . $Ltri$Oniu$, BN :$Lter=, n., marria(e in $Ltri$Oniu$ dcere,marry. $LtrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :$Ltrus, ripe=, ripen; hasten. $L-i$M :$L-i$us=, adv., "ery

(reatly, exceedin(ly, especially. $L-i$us, Ba, Bu$, superl. o" $Lgnus. MdMa, Bae, "., +edea.$edicL$entu$, BN :$edicO, heal =, n., dru(; poison, potion. $edicNna, Bae :$edicus, physician=, ".,art of healin(, medicine. $edius, Ba, Bu$, mid, middle. edsa, Bae, "., +edusa. $e$bru$, BN, n.,limb, member . $e$oria, Bae :$e$or, rememberin( =, "., memory. $e$orO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :$e$or,rememberin( =, remind of, mention. $entiO, BOnis, "., mention. $ercLtor, BOris :$ercor, trade=, $.,trader, merchant . $ercMs, $ercMdis, "., pay, re2ard, 2a(es. ercurius, BN, $., +ercury. $ergO,$ergere, $ersN, $ersus, dip, plun(e, sin% . $erNdiLnus, Ba, Bu$ :$erNdiMs=, midday, noonday$erNdiLnu$ te$pus, midday, noon. $erNdiMs, BMN :$edius Y diMs=, $., midday, noon; south. $eritus,Ba, Bu$ :part. o" $ereO=, deser"ed, due, 8ust . $eus, Ba, Bu$ :ego, $eN=, my, mine. $Nles, $Nlitis, $.,

soldier . $NlitLris, Be :$Nles=, military, 2arli%e rMs $NlitLris, art of 2ar, 2arfare. $Nlle, indecl. adj., a

thousand $Nlia, Biu$, n. plur., thousands $Nlia passuu$, thousands of paces, miles. $inae, BLru$,

". plur., threats. inerva, Bae, "., +iner"a. $ini$M :$ini$us, least =, adv., least, "ery little; by nomeans, not at all . $ini$u$ :$ini$us, least =, adv., "ery little, sli(htly. $initor, BLrN, BLtus :$inae=,threaten. NnOs, NnOis, $., +inos. $inus, co$p. adv., less. inyae, BLru$, $. plur., +inyae.$NrLculu$, BN :$Nror=, n., 2onder, mar"el, miracle. $Nror, BLrN, BLtus :$Nrus=, 2onder, 2onder at .$Nrus, Ba, Bu$, 2onderful, stran(e. $isceO, $iscMre, $iscuN, $N-tus, mix, min(le. $isericordia, Bae:$isericors, pitiful =, ", pity, compassion. $ittO, $ittere, $NsN, $issus, send . $odo :$odus=, adv.,only. $odus, BN, $., 2ay, manner . $oenia, Biu$, n. plur., 2alls. $ola, Bae, "., meal . $olestia, Bae:$olestus, annoyin( =, "., annoyance. $oneO, BMre, BuN, Bitus, 2arn. $Ons, $ontis, $., mountain.$OnstrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :$Onstru$=, point out, sho2. $Onstru$, BN, n., 2onder, monster . $ora, Bae,"., delay. $ordeO, $ordMre, $o$ordN, $orsus, bite. $orior, $orN, $ortuus, die. $oror, BLrN, BLtus:$ora=, delay, lin(er, stay. $ors, $ortNs :$orior=, "., death. $ortLlis, Be :$ors=, mortal . $orti"er,B"era, B"eru$ :$ors Y "erO=, death-brin(in(, deadly. $ortuus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" morior =, dead . $Os,$Oris, $., 2ay, manner, habit, custom. $oveO, $ovMre, $OvN, $Otus, mo"e. $o-, adv., soon. $giO,BNre, BNvN, lo2, bello2. $gNtus, Bs :$giO=, $., lo2in(, bello2in( . $ulier, $ulieris, "., 2oman.$ultitdO, Btdinis :$ultus=, "., multitude. $ultO :$ultus=, adv., by much or far, much, far . $ultu$,BN :$ultus=, n., much. $ultu$ :$ultus=, adv., much, (reatly, far . $ultus, Ba, Bu$, much, (reat plur.,many. $niO, BNre, BNvN, BNtus :$oenia=, fortify. $nus, $neris, n., ser"ice, office, duty; present, (ift .$rus, BN, $., 2all . $sica, Bae, "., music. $tO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" $oveO=, chan(e. Ssia,Bae, "., +ysia.

N

nactus, part. o" nancNscor. na$, conj., for . na$BDue, conj., for . nancNscor, nancNscN, nactus, (et, obtain, find . nLrrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, tell, relate, narrate. natO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" nO, s2im=, s2im, float . nLtra, Bae :nLscor, be born=, "., nature, character . nauta, Bae :nLvis=, $., sailor .nauticus, Ba, Bu$ :nauta=, na"al, nautical . nLvigLtiO, BOnis :nLvigO=, "., sailin(, na"i(ation, "oya(e.nLvigO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :nLvis Y agO=, sail . nLvis, Bis, "., ship. Bne, enclitic introducing a Duestion,untranslatable. nM, adv., not nM W Duide$, not D e"en conj., that not, lest . nec, see neDue. necesse,indecl. adj., necessary. necO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, put to death, slay, %ill . neglegO, Blegere, BlM-N, BlMctus:nec Y legO, (ather =, disre(ard, ne(lect . negO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, say no or not, deny, refuse. negOtiu$,BN :nec Y Otiu$, leisure=, n., business, matter; tas%, trouble, difficulty. Ae$eaeus, Ba, Bu$, of 9emea,

9emean. nM$O, nM$inis :neB, not Y ho$O=, $. and "., no one, nobody. nepOs, nepOtis, $., (randson. Aeptnus, BN, $., 9eptune. neDue or nec :neB, not Y BDue=, conj., and not, nor neDue W neDue,neither D nor neDue eni$, for D not . nervus, BN, $., sine2, muscle. neBsciO, BscNre, BscNvN, not %no2,



be i(norant nesciO Duis, ! %no2 not 2ho, some one or other InesciO is thus used with otherinterrogative words also. Aessus, BN, $., 9essus. neu, see nMve. neuter, neutra, neutru$ :neB, not Yuter=, neither . nMve or neu :nM Y Bve, or =, conj., and that not, and not, nor . niger, nigra, nigru$,blac% . nihil, n., indecl., nothin( . nisi :neB, not Y sN=, conj., if not, unless. ni-, nivis, "., sno2. noct:no-=, adv., at or by ni(ht . nocturnus, Ba, Bu$ :no-=, of ni(ht, nocturnal nocturnu$ te$pus, ni(ht-

time. nOlO, nOlle, nOluN :neB, not Y volO=, not 2ish, be un2illin( . nO$en, B$inis :nOscO, come to

%no2=, n., name Ithat by which one is !nown. nOn, adv., not . nOnBdu$, adv., not yet . nOnBne, adv.,introducing a Duestion to which an a""ir$ative answer is e-pected, not nOnBnllus, Ba, Bu$, not

none, some, se"eral . nOs, plur. o" ego. noster, Btra, Btru$ :nOs=, our . nOtus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" nOscO,come to %no2=, !nown, wellB!nown, "a$ousZ. nove$, indecl. adj., nine. novitLs, BtLtis :novus=, ".,ne2ness, no"elty. novus, Ba, Bu$, ne2 novissi$us, last . no-, noctis, "., ni(ht . nbMs, Bis, "., cloud .ndus, Ba, Bu$, na%ed, bare. nllus, Ba, Bu$ :neB, not Y llus=, not any, none, no. nu$, adv.,introducing a Duestion to which a negative answer is e-pected, untranslatable. nu$erus, BN, $.,number . nu$$us, BN, $., coin. nu$Dua$ :neB, not Y u$Dua$, e"er =, adv., ne"er . nunc, adv., no2.nntiO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :nntius=, report, announce. nntius, BN :novus=, $., messen(er; messa(e.nper :novus=, adv., ne2ly, lately, recently. nsDua$ :neB, not Y sDua$, any2here=, adv., no2here.ny$pha, Bae, "., nymph.

O

ob, prep. with acc., on account of, for in co$pounds, to, a(ainst . obiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus:ob Y iaciO=, thro2 in the 2ay or to. obBirgO, BirgLre, BirgLvN, BirgLtus, chide, scold, reproach.obBlinO, Blinere, BlMvN, Blitus, daub o"er, smear . oblNtus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" oblNvNscor=, for(etful,

unmindful . oblNvNscor, BlNvNscN, BlNtus, for(et . obscrO, BscrLre, BscrLvN, BscrLtus :obscrus=,dar%en, hide, conceal . obscrus, Ba, Bu$, dar% . obsecrO, BsecrLre, BsecrLvN, BsecrLtus, beseech,

entreat . obBserO, Bserere, BsMvN, Bsitus, so2, plant; co"er, fill . obsideO, BsidMre, BsMdN, Bsessus :ob Y

sedeO=, beset, besie(e. obBstruO, Bstruere, Bstr-N, Bstrctus, build a(ainst, bloc% up. obBtestor,BtestLrN, BtestLtus, call to 2itness; beseech, implore. obtineO, BtinMre, BtinuN, Btentus :ob Y teneO=,hold . obvia$ :ob Y via=, adv., in the 2ay, opposite, face to face obvia$ "ierN, to meet obvia$ Nre,to (o to meet . occLsiO, BOnis :occidO, fall =, "., chance, opportunity. occLsus, Bs :occidO, fall =, $.

settin( . occNdO, BcNdere, BcNdN, BcNsus :ob Y caedO, cut =, cut do2n, %ill . occupO, BcupLre, BcupLvN,BcupLtus :ob Y capiO=, seie; fill . occurrO, Bcurrere, BcurrN, Bcursus :ob Y currO=, run a(ainst, meet .?ceanus, BN, $., .ceanus, the ocean. oculus, BN, $., eye. OdN, Odisse, used only in tenses o"co$pleted action with the "orce o" tenses o" inco$plete action, hate. odiu$, BN :OdN=, n., hatred .odor, BOris, $., smell, odor . ?echalia, Bae, "., .echalia. ?eneus, BN, $., .eneus. ?eta, Bae, "., .eta.o""endO, B"endere, B"endN, B"Mnsus, offend . o""erO, o""erre, obtulN, oblLtus :ob Y "erO=, bear to, proffer,

offer . o""icNna, Bae, "., 2or%shop, smithy. o""iciu$, BN, n., ser"ice; duty. Oli$, adv., once upon a time,

once, formerly, of old . ?ly$pus, BN, $., .lympus. o$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN, B$issus :ob Y $ittO=, let (o, ne(lect, disre(ard, thro2 a2ay, lose. o$nNnO :o$nis=, adv., alto(ether, 2holly, entirely. o$nis,Be, all, e"ery. onerO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :onus, load =, load, burden. opera, Bae :opus=, "., effort, 2or%,

labor . opNniO, BOnis :opNnor, thin% =, "., opinion, expectation; reputation. oppidu$, BN, n., to2n.opportnus, Ba, Bu$, suitable, seasonable, con"enient, opportune. oppri$O, Bpri$ere, BpressN,Bpressus :ob Y pre$O=, press a(ainst, o"erpo2er, crush. opti$us, Ba, Bu$, superl. o" bonus. opus,operis, n., 2or%, tas% . OrLculu$, BN :OrO=, n., oracle. OrLtiO, BOnis :OrO=, "., speech OrLtiOne$ habMre,to deli"er an oration, spea% . orbis, Bis, $., circle orbis terrae or terrLru$, circle of the earth orlands, earth, 2orld . ?rcus, BN, $., .rcus, under-2orld . OrdO, Ordinis, $., arran(ement, order, ran% e- Ordine, in order . orior, BNrN, Btus, arise, come forth, sprin( up ortL lce, at da2n. OrnO, BLre, BLvN,BLtus, e>uip, adorn. OrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :Os=, spea%; be(, pray. ?rpheus, BN, $., .rpheus. Os, Oris,n., mouth. ostendO, Btendere, BtendN, Btentus :ob Y tendO=, stretch out before, sho2, explain. Ostiu$, BN:Os=, n., mouth, door2ay, door . ovis, Bis, "., sheep.



P

pLbulu$, BN :pLscO=, n., food, fodder . paene, adv., almost, nearly. palaestra, Bae, "., 2restlin(-

place, (ymnasium. pLlus, BN, $., sta%e. pals, Bdis, "., s2amp, marsh. parLtus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" parO=, prepared, e>uipped, ready. pLreO, BMre, BuN, obey. parO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, ma%e ready, prepare. pars, partis, "., part, side, direction. parvus, Ba, Bu$, little, small . pLscO, pLscere, pLvN, pLstus, feed . passus, Bs :pandO, stretch, $., paceZ $Nlia passuu$, see $Nlle. pLstor, BtOris :pLscO=, $., shepherd . pate"aciO, B"acere, B"McN, B"actus :pateO, be open Y "aciO=, thro2, or lay open, open. pater, patris, $., father . patior, patN, passus, bear, suffer, allo2. patria, Bae :pater=, "., fatherland, country. paucN, Bae, Ba, plur. adj., fe2. paulO :paulus, little, adv., by a little, a little, some2hat . paulu$:paulus, little=, adv., a little, some2hat . pavor, BOris :payeO, be terrified =, $., terror, panic. pectus,

pectoris, n., breast . pecnia, Bae :pecus=, "., money Ithe possession o" cattle constituting wealth inearly ti$es. pecus, pecoris, n., herd, floc%, cattle. pecus, pecudis, "., head of cattle, beast, sheep,

(oat . PeliLs, Bae, $., Pelias. pellis, Bis, "., hide, s%in, pelt . pellO, pellere, pepulN, pulsus, dri"e, dri"e

a2ay, beat, rout . pendO, pendere, pependN, pMnsus, 2ei(h out, pay. PMnelopM, BMs, "., Penelope. per,

prep, with ace., throu(h, by means of . percipiO, Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus :per Y capiO=, feel . percutiO,Bcutere, BcussN, Bcussus :per Y DuatiO=, stri%e throu(h, stri%e. perBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead

or brin( throu(h, lead, brin( . peregrNnus, BN, $., stran(er, forei(ner . perennis, Be :per Y annus=,lastin( throu(hout the year, perennial, perpetual . perBeO, BNre, Bii, Bitrus, pass a2ay, perish. perB"erO, B"erre, BtulN, BlLtus, bear throu(h, bear, endure; 2eather . per"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :per Y"aciO=, do or ma%e throu(h, accomplish. perB"lO, B"lLre, blo2 throu(h or o"er . perB"odiO, B"odere,B"OdN, B"ossus, di( or pierce throu(h, transfix. perNculu$, BN, n., dan(er, peril, ris% . perBlstrO,BlstrLre, BlstrLvi, BlstrLtus, loo% o"er, examine, sur"ey. perB$aneO, B$anMre, B$Lnsi, B$Lnsus,remain. perpetuus, Ba, Bu$ :per Y petO=, continuous, perpetual in perpetuu$, for all time, fore"er .

perBru$pO, Bru$pere, BrpN, Bruptus, brea% or burst throu(h, brea% . perBscrNbO, BscrNbere, BscrNpsN,scrNptus, 2rite throu(h or in full, describe fully, recount . perBseDuor, BseDuN, Bsectus, follo2 up,

pursue. Perseus, BN, $., Perseus. perBsolvO, Bsolvere, BsolvN, Bsoltus, pay completely, pay. perBsuLdeO, BsuLdMre, BsuLsi, BsuLsus, persuade, pre"ail upon, induce. perBterreO, BterrMre, Bterrui,Bterritus, thorou(hly fri(hten, terrify. perBturbO, BturbLre, BturbLvi, BturbLtus, (reatly disturb, disturb,

a(itate, thro2 into confusion. perBveniO, BvenNre, BvMnN, Bventus, come throu(h, come, arri"e, reach. pMs, pedis, $., foot . petO, Bere, BNvN or BiN, BNtus, see%, as%; attac% . PhLsis, Bidis, $., Phasis. PhNneus,BN, $., Phineus. Pholus, BN, $., Pholus. Phri-us, BN, $., Phrixus. pinguis, Be, fat . piscLtor, BtOris:piscor, fish=, $., fisherman. plausus, Bs :plaudO, clap=, $., applause. plrMs, Ba :co$p. o" $ultus=,

plur. adj., more, many, se"eral . plri$us, Ba, Bu$, superl. o" $ultus. PltO, BOnis, $., Pluto. pOculu$, BN :pOtO, drin% =, n., cup. poena, Bae, "., penalty, punishment . poMta, Bae, $., poet . polliceor,BlicMrN, Blicitus, promise. PolydectMs, Bis, $., Polydectes. PolyphM$us, BN, $., Polyphemus. pO$u$,BN, n., fruit, apple. pondus, ponderis :pendO=, n., 2ei(ht . pOnO, pOnere, posuN, positus, place, put

pOnN with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on. pOns, pontis, $., brid(e. porcus, BN, $., pi(,ho(, s2ine. porta, Bae, "., (ate; door . portus, Bs, $., harbor, ha"en, port . pOscO, pOscere, popOscN,as%, demand . possideO, BsidMre, BsMdN, Bsessus, hold, possess. possu$, posse, potuN :potis, able Ysu$=, be able, ha"e po2er, can. post, adv., after, later prep. with acc., after, behind . posteL :post=,adv., after this, after2ards. posterus, Ba, Bu$ :post=, follo2in(, next . postBDua$, conj., later than,

after, 2hen. postrM$us, Ba, Bu$ :superl. o" posterus=, last . postrNdiM :posterus Y diMs=, adv., the day

after, the next day. postulO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, as%, re>uest, demand . potior, BNrN, BNtus :potis, able=,become master of, (et possession of . praeBactus, Ba, Bu$, sharp at the end, pointed, sharp. praebeO,BMre, BuN, Bitus :prae, before Y habeO=, hold forth, supply, furnish, (i"e; sho2, present, exhibit . praeBcaveO, BcavMre, BcLvN, Bcautus, be2are beforehand, be2are, be on one)s (uard . praecipiO, Bcipere,BcMpN, Bceptus :prae, before Y capiO=, ta%e beforehand, anticipate; order, char(e. praecipuM:praecipuus, especial =, adv., especially. praeBclLrus, BclLra, BclLru$, "ery bri(ht; splendid,

remar%able, famous. praeda, Bae, "., booty, spoil, plunder . praeBdNcO, BdNcere, BdN-N, Bdictus, say

beforehand, foretell, predict . praedor, BLrN, BLtus :praeda=, plunder . prae$iu$, BN, n., re2ard .



praesMns, Bsentis :part. o" praesu$=, adj., present, immediate, imminent . praesentia, Bae :praesMns=,"., the present . praeses, praesidis, $., protector . praesidiu$, BN :praeses=, n., protection; (uard,

escort . praestLns, Bstantis :part. o" praestO=, adj., preGminent, remar%able. praeBstO, BstLre, BstitN,Bstitus, stand in front; sho2. praeBsu$, Besse, B"uN, be before, preside o"er, ha"e char(e of,

command . praeter :prae, before=, prep. with acc., before, past, by; besides, except . praetereL:praeter=, adv., besides this, besides, moreo"er . praeterBeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus, pass by. precMs, Bu$, ".

plur., prayer, entreaty. prehendO, Bhendere, BhendN, BhMnsus, seie. pre$O, pre$ere, pressN, pressus, press, chec%, restrain. pretiu$, BN, n., price, char(e. prN$O :prN$us=, adv., at first . prN$u$ :prN$us=,adv., first, in the first place. prN$us, Ba, Bu$ :superl. "ro$ prO=, first, foremost . prNstinus, Ba, Bu$:prius=, former . prius :prior, former =, adv., before, first . priusBDua$, conj., before than, sooner than,

before. prO, prep. with abl., before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for . procul,adv., at or from a distance, far . proeliu$, BN, n., battle, combat proeliu$ co$$ittere, to 8oin battle.

pro"ectiO, BOnis :pro"icNscor=, "., departure, start . pro"icNscor, B"icNscN, B"ectus :prO"iciO, ma%e

pro(ress=, set out, depart, start, $archZ. prOgredior, BgredN, Bgressus :prO Y gradior=, (o for2ard,

ad"ance. prohibeO, BhibMre, BhibuN, Bhibitus :prO Y habeO=, hold bac%, pre"ent, hinder . prOiciO,Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :prO Y iaciO=, thro2 forth or do2n, cast a2ay, thro2. prOB$ittO, B$ittere, B$NsN,B$issus, send or put forth, promise. prO$O, prO$ere, prO$psN, prO$ptus :prO Y e$O=, ta%e or brin(

out, produce. prO$unturiu$, BN, n., headland, promontory. properO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, hasten. prOB pOnO, BpOnere, BposuN, Bpositus, put or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say. propter, prep. withacc., on account of, because of . prOra, Bae, "., pro2, bo2. prOBseDuor, BseDuN, Bsectus, follo2

for2ard, follo2. PrOserpina, Bae, "., Proserpina, Proserpine. prOBsternO, Bsternere, BstrLvN, BstrLtus, stre2 or spread before, thro2 or %noc% do2n. prOBsu$, prOdesse, prO"uN, be of ad"anta(e, profit,

a"ail, assist . prOBvehO, Bvehere, Bve-N, Bvectus, carry for2ard . prOBvocO, BvocLre, BvocLvN, BvocLtus,call forth or out, challen(e. pro-i$us, Ba, Bu$ :superl. "ro$ prope, near =, nearest, next . prdentia,Bae :prdMns, prudent =, "., prudence. puella, Bae :puer=, "., (irl, maiden. puer, puerN, $., boy. pueritia,Bae :puer=, "., boyhood . pgna, Bae, "., fi(htin(, battle, combat . pgnO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :pgna=, fi(ht .

pulcher, pulchra, pulchru$, beautiful . pulsO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" pellO=, push or stri%e a(ainst,

%noc%, %noc% at . punctu$, BN :pungO, pric% =, n., point, instant, moment . prgO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus:prus, clean Y agO=, ma%e clean, clean, cleanse. putO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, thin% . PSthia, Bae, "., Pythia.

$

DuL :DuN=, adv., in 2hich place, 2here. DuaerO, Duaerere, DuaesNvN, DuaesNtus, see%; as%,

in>uire. DuLlis, Be, of 2hat sortH 2hat %ind of Dua$ :Duis and DuN=, adv., ho2H as; than withsuperl., as D as possible. Dua$BDua$, conj., ho2e"er much, althou(h. Duantu$ :Duantus=, adv.,ho2 muchH ho2 Duantus, Ba, Bu$, ho2 (reat or much Duartus, Ba, Bu$ :Duattuor=, fourth. Duasi:DuN Y sN=, conj., as if . Duattuor, indecl. adj., four . BDue, enclitic conj., and . DuN, Duae, Duod, rel.

pron., 2ho, 2hich. DuN, Duae, Duod, interrog. pron. adj., 2hat DuNda$, Duaeda$, Duodda$, inde". pron., a certain, certain. Duide$, adv., in fact, indeed, certainly nM W Duide$, not D e"en. DuiMs,DuiMtis, "., rest, repose. DuNn, conj., so that D not, but that, but . DuNnDuLgintL :DuNnDue, fi"e=, indecl.adj., fifty. DuNntus, Ba, Bu$ :DuNnDue, fi"e=, fifth. Duis, Duid, interrog. pron., 2hoH 2hichH 2hat Duis,Dua, Duid, inde". pron., any one, anybody, anythin(, some one, somebody, somethin( . DuisBna$,Duaena$, Duidna$, interrog. pron., 2ho, 2hich, or 2hat, prayH 2hoH 2hichH 2hat DuisBDua$,DuicDua$, inde". pron., any one, anythin( . DuisBDue, DuaeDue, DuidDue, inde". pron., each. DuO :Duisand DuN=, adv., to 2hat placeH 2hitherH to 2hich place, 2hither; for 2hich reason, 2herefore,

therefore DuO sDue, till 2henH ho2 lon( Duod :DuN=, conj., that, in that, because. Duonia$ :cu$ Yia$=, conj., since no2, since. DuoDue :DuN Y BDue=, adv., also. DuotannNs :Duot, ho2 many Y annus=,adv., e"ery year, yearly, annually. DuotiMns :Duot, ho2 many, adv., as often as.



R

rL$us, BN, $., branch, bou(h. rapiO, Bere, BuN, Btus, seie, snatch. ratiO, BOnis :reor, thin% =, "., plan, $eans, $ethod, $annerZ. recipiO, Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus :reB Y capiO=, ta%e or (et bac%,

reco"er sM recipere, to beta%e oneself, 2ithdra2; to collect oneself, reco"er . reBcreO, BcreLre,BcreLvN, BcreLtus, ma%e ane2, rene2, refresh. rMctus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" regO, direct =, direct, strai(ht .reBcu$bO, Bcu$bere, BcubuN, lie bac% or do2n. recuperO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, reco"er . recsO, BcsLre,BcsLvN, BcsLtus :reB Y causa=, (i"e a reason a(ainst, refuse. reddO, Bdere, BdidN, Bditus :reB Y dO=,

(i"e bac%, return, restore; render . redeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus :reB Y eO=, (o bac%, return. redintegrO,BintegrLre, BintegrLvN, BintegrLtus :reB Y integrO, ma%e 2hole=, ma%e 2hole a(ain, rene2. reditus, Bs:redeO=, $., return. reBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, lead or brin( bac%; restore. reB"erO, re"erre,rettulN, relLtus, brin( or carry bac%, return pede$ re"erre, to dra2 bac%, retire, retreat grLtia$re"erre, see grLtia. re"iciO, B"icere, B"McN, B"ectus :reB Y "aciO=, ma%e ane2, rene2, repair . reB"ugiO,B"ugere, B"gN, flee bac%, run a2ay, retreat . reB"ulgeO, B"ulgMre, B"ulsN, flash bac%, shine. rMgia, Bae:rMgius, royal =, "., palace. rMgNna, Bae :rM-=, "., >ueen. regiO, BOnis :regO, direct =, "., direction;

country, re(ion. rMgnO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :rMgnu$=, rei(n, rule. rMgnu$, BN :rM-=, n., royal po2er, rule,throne; %in(dom, realm. regredior, BgredN, Bgressus :reB Y gradior=, (o bac%, return. reBlinDuO,BlinDuere, BlNDuN, Blictus, lea"e behind, lea"e. reliDuus, Ba, Bu$ :relinDuO=, left, the remainin(, the

other, the rest of . re$ediu$, BN :reB Y $edeor, heal =, n., remedy. rM$igO, BLre :rM$e-, ro2er =, ro2.reB$oveO, B$ovMre, B$OvN, B$Otus, mo"e bac%, remo"e. rM$us, BN, $., oar . reBnntiO, BnntiLre,BnntiLvN, BnntiLtus, brin( bac% 2ord, report, announce. reBpellO, repellere, reppulN, repulsus, dri"e

bac% or a2ay, repulse, repel . reperiO, reperNre, repperN, repertus, find, disco"er . repertor, BOris:reperiO=, $., disco"erer, in"entor . reBpleO, BplMre, BplMvN, BplMtus, fill a(ain or up, fill . reBpOnO,BpOnere, BposuN, Bpositus, put or set bac%; store up or a2ay. reBportO, BportLre, BportLvN, BportLtus,carry or brin( bac% . reBpgnO, BpgnLre, BpgnLvN, BpgnLtus, fi(ht a(ainst, stru((le, resist . rMs, reN,"., thin(, matter, affair, circumstance, situation rM vMrL, in truth, in fact, really. reBsistO, Bsistere,

BstitN, stand bac%, resist . reBspNrO, BspNrLre, BspNrLvN, BspNrLtus, breathe bac% or out, breathe. reBspondeO, BspondMre, BspondN, BspOnsus, reply, ans2er . respOnsu$, BN :part. o" respondeO=, n., reply,

ans2er, response. restituO, Bstituere, BstituN, Bstittus :reB Y statuO=, set up a(ain, put bac%, restore.retineO, BtinMre, BtinuN, Btentus :reB Y teneO=, hold or %eep bac%, %eep, restrain; hold fast . revertor,BvertN, Bversus, per". act. BvertN :reB Y vertO=, turn bac%, return. rM-, rMgis :regO, direct =, $., %in( .Rhada$anthus, BN, $., 7hadamanthus. rNdeO, rNdMre, rNsN, rNsus, lau(h. rNpa, Bae, "., ban% . rNte :rNtus,rite, adv., duly, fitly. rObur, rOboris, n., oa% . rogO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, as% . rogus, BN, $., funeral pile,

pyre. RO$a, Bae, "., 7ome. rOstru$, BN :rOdO, (na2=, n., bea% . ruO, Bere, BN, Bitrus, rush. rpMs, Bis, ".,roc%, cliff; reef . rrsus :"or reversus, part, o" revertor=, adv., a(ain.

S

saccus, BN, $., ba(, sac% . sacerdOs, BdOtis :sacer, holy Y dO=, $. and "., priest, priestess.sacri"iciu$, BN :sacri"ice=, n., sacrifice. sacri"icO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :sacer, holy Y "aciO=, sacrifice.saepe, adv., often, fre>uently. saevus, Ba, Bu$, fierce, sa"a(e. sagitta, Bae, "., arro2. sLl, salis, $.,

salt . /al$ydMssus, BN, $., 3almydessus. salsus, Ba, Bu$ :sLl=, salted, salt . sals, saltis :salvus, safe=,"., safety, deli"erance, escape. sLnctus, Ba, Bu$ :part, o" sanciO, ma%e sacred =, consecrated, sacred .sanguis, sanguinis, $., blood . sLnitLs, BtLtis :sLnus, sound =, "., soundness; ri(ht reason, sanity. satis,adv., enou(h, sufficiently. sa-u$, BN, n., roc%, stone. scapha, Bae, "., boat, s%iff . scelus, sceleris, n.,2ic%edness, crime. scientia, Bae :sciO=, "., %no2led(e, s%ill . sciO, BNre, BNvN, BNtus, %no2. scrNbO,

scrNbere, scrNpsN, scrNptus, 2rite. sctu$, BN, n., shield . sMBcMdO, BcMdere, BcessN, Bcessus, (o apart,2ithdra2. secundus, Ba, Bu$ :seDuor=, follo2in(, fa"orable. sed, conj., but . sedeO, sedMre, sMdN,sessus, sit . sMdMs, Bis :sedeO=, "., seat, abode. sM$entis, Bis :se$en, seed =, "., seedin(, so2in( .



se$per, adv., al2ays. sene-, senis, $., old man. sententia, Bae :sentiO=, "., opinion; purpose. sentiO,sentNre, sMnsN, sMnsus, percei"e, feel . sepeliO, sepelNre, sepelNvN, sepultus, bury. septi$us, Ba, Bu$:septe$, se"en=, se"enth. sepultra, Bae :sepeliO=, "., burial . seDuor, seDuN, sectus, follo2. /erNphus,BN, "., 3eriphos. ser$O, BOnis :serO, inter2ea"e=, $., con"ersation, tal%, speech. serO, serere, sMvN,satus, so2, plant . serpMns, Bentis :part, o" serpO, cra2l =, "., serpent . serviO, Bire, BNvN, BNtus :servus=,be sub8ect to, ser"e. servits, Bttis :servus=, "., sla"ery, ser"itude. servO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, sa"e,

preser"e. servus, BN, $., sla"e, ser"ant . sN, conj., if . sNc, adv., so, thus. /icilia, Bae, "., 3icily. sNgnu$,BN, n., si(n, si(nal . silva, Bae, "., 2ood, forest . si$ul, adv., at the same time si$ul atDue or ac, as

soon as. sine, prep. with abl., 2ithout . sinister, Btra, Btru$, left . sinistra, Bae :sinister=, "., left hand

I$anus understood. sinus, Bs, $., bosom, lap. situs, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" sinO=, placed, situated . sNBveor seu, conj., or if sNve W sNve, 2hether D or . socius, BN :seDuor=, $., companion, comrade, ally.sOl, sOlis, $., sun. soliu$, BN :sedeO=, n., seat, throne. sollicitdO, Btdinis :sollicitus=, "., anxiety,

care, apprehension. sollicitus, Ba, Bu$, troubled, anxious. sOlus, Ba, Bu$, alone. solvO, solvere, solvN,soltus, loosen, unbind, release; pay with or without nLve$, cast off, set sail, put to sea. so$nus,BN, $., sleep, dro2siness. sonitus, Bs :sonO, sound =, $. sound, noise. sonOrus, Ba, Bu$ :sonO, sound =,

soundin(, loud, noisy. soror, BOris, "., sister . sors, sortis, "., lot . sortior, BNrN, BNtus :sors=, cast or dra2

lots. spargO, spargere, sparsN, sparsus, scatter, sprin%le. spatiu$, BN, n., space, inter"al; space of

time, time. speciMs, BMN :speciO, loo% =, "., si(ht, appearance, shape. spectLtor, BOris :spectO=, $.,loo%er-on, spectator . spectO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" speciO, loo% =, loo% at or on. speculu$, BN:speciO, loo% =, n., loo%in(-(lass, mirror . spMlunca, Bae, "., ca"e, ca"ern. spernO, spernere, sprMvN,sprMtus, despise, scorn. spMrO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :spMs=, hope. spMs, speN, "., hope. sponte, ". abl. sing.,$odi"ied by $eL, tuL, suL, of one)s o2n accord, "oluntarily. sDuLlor, BOris :sDuLleO, be dirty=, $.,dirt, filth. stabulu$, BN :stO=, n., standin(-place, stall, stable, inclosure. stati$ :stO=, adv., on the

spot, forth2ith, at once, immediately. statuO, statuere, statuN, stattus :stO=, cause to stand; decide,

resol"e. stNpendiu$, BN, n., tax, tribute. stO, stLre, stetN, status, stand . stringO, stringere, strin-N,strictus, dra2, unsheathe. studeO, BMre, BuN, be ea(er, (i"e attention, apply oneself . studiOsus, Ba, Bu$:studiu$=, ea(er, dili(ent, studious. studiu$, BN :studeO=, n., ea(erness, eal; study, pursuit . stupeO,BMre, BuN, be stunned, astounded , or amaed . /ty$phLlus, BN, $., 3tymphalus. /ty$phLlis, Bidis:/ty$phLlus=, adj., of 3tymphalus, 3tymphalian. /ty-, /tygis, "., 3tyx. suLvis, Be, s2eet, pleasant .sub, prep. with acc. and abl., under sub vesperu$, to2ards e"enin( . subBdO, Bdere, BdidN, Bditus, put

under, apply. subBdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus, dra2 up, beach. subBeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus, (o under;

under(o, submit to, sustain, bear, endure. subiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :sub Y iaciO=, thro2 or place

under . subitO :subitus, unexpected =, adv., unexpectedly, suddenly. subBlevO, BlevLre, BlevLvN,BlevLtus, lift from beneath, lift, raise. subB$ergO, B$ergere, B$ersN, B$ersus, plun(e under, sin%,

o"er2helm. subsidiu$, BN :sub Y sedeO=, n., reser"e, reinforcement, support, help. succMdO, BcMdere,BcessN, Bcessus :sub Y cMdO=, (o or come under, follo2 after, succeed . succendO, Bcendere, BcendN,BcMnsus, %indle beneath, set on fire. succNdO, BcNdere, BcNdN, BcNsus :sub Y caedO=, cut belo2 or do2n.scus, BN, $., 8uice. suN, sibi, sM or sMsM, re"le-ive pron., himself, herself, itself, themsel"es. su$, esse,

"uN, "utrus, be. su$$us, Ba, Bu$ :superl. o" superus, upper =, uppermost, hi(hest, (reatest . s$O,s$ere, s$psN, s$ptus :sub Y e$O=, ta%e under or up, ta%e poena$ s$ere, to exact or inflict

punishment . superior, Bius :co$p. o" superus, upper =, adj., hi(her; former, pre"ious, precedin( .superO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :superus, upper =, o"ercome, defeat, con>uer . superBsu$, Besse, B"uN, be o"er

or left, remain. suppliciu$, BN :supple-, %neelin( =, n., punishment, torture. suppOnO, BpOnere, BposuN,Bpositus :sub Y pOnO=, place or put under . suprL :superus, upper =, adv. and prep. with acc., abo"e,

before. suprM$us, Ba, Bu$ :superl. o" superus, upper =, hi(hest, last . suscipiO, Bcipere, BcMpN, Bceptus:sub Y capiO=, underta%e. suspendO, Bpendere, BpendN, BpMnsus :sub Y pendO=, han( up, han( .suspNciO, BOnis :suspiciO, loo% as%ance at =, "., suspicion. suspicor, BspicLrN, BspicLtus :suspiciO, loo%

as%ance at =, suspect . sustineO, BtinMre, BtinuN, Btentus :sub Y teneO=, hold or bear up, sustain,

2ithstand . suus, Ba, Bu$ :suN=, his, her, its, or their o2n; his, her, its, their . /y$plMgadMs, Bu$, ".

plur., the 3ymple(ades.



T

taceO, BMre, BuN, Bitus, be silent . tacitus, Ba, Bu$ :part. o" taceO=, silent . #aenarus, BN, $.,Taenarus. tLlLria, Biu$ :tLlus, an%le=, n. plur., 2in(ed shoes. tLlis, Be, such. ta$, adv., so. ta$en,adv., ho2e"er, yet, ne"ertheless. tande$, adv., at len(th or last, finally. tangO, tangere, tetigN, tLctus,touch. tantu$ :tantus=, adv., so much or far, only. tantus, Ba, Bu$, so (reat or much. #artarus, BN, $.,Tartarus. taurus, BN, $., bull . tegO, tegere, tM-N, tMctus, co"er . tMlu$, BN, n., missile, spear, 2eapon.te$erM, adv., rashly. te$pestLs, BtLtis :te$pus=, "., 2eather; storm, tempest . te$plu$, BN, n.,

sanctuary, temple. te$ptO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, try, attempt . te$pus, te$poris, n., time, season. teneO,BMre, BuN, Btus, hold, %eep; hold bac%, restrain, stop. tenuis, Be, thin. tergu$, BN, n., bac% . terra, Bae, ".,land, earth. terreO, BMre, BuN, Bitus, fri(hten, terrify. terribilis, Be :terreO=, dreadful, terrible. terror,BOris :terreO=, $., terror, fri(ht . tertiu$ :tertius=, adv., the or a third time. tertius, Ba, Bu$ :trMs=, third .te-O, Bere, BuN, Btus, 2ea"e. #hMbae, BLru$, ". plur., Thebes. #hMbLnN, BOru$ :#hMbae=, $. plur.,Thebans. #her$OdOn, Bontis, $., Thermodon. #hMseus, BN, $., Theseus. #hessalia, Bae, "., Thessaly.#hrLcia, Bae, "., Thrace. #iberis, Bis, $., Tiber . ti$eO, BMre, BuN, fear . ti$or, BOris :ti$eO=, $., fear .

tingO, tingere, tin-N, tinctus, 2et, soa%, dye. #Nryns, #Nrynthis, "., Tiryns. tollO, tollere, sustulN,sublLtus, lift, raise; ta%e a2ay, remo"e ancorLs tollere, to 2ei(h anchor . torDueO, torDuMre, torsN,tortus, turn. tOtus, Ba, Bu$, all the, the 2hole or entire. trLctO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :"reD. o" trahO=,handle, touch, feel . trLdO, Bdere, BdidN, Bditus :trans Y do=, (i"e across, o"er , or up, deli"er; hand

do2n, relate, report . trLdcO, Bdcere, Bd-N, Bductus :trLns Y dcO=, lead across. trahO, trahere,trL-N, trLctus, dra2, dra( . trLiciO, Bicere, BiMcN, Biectus :trLns Y iaciO=, thro2 across, stri%e throu(h,

pierce. trLiectus, Bs :trLiciO=, $., crossin( o"er, passa(e. trLnO, BnLre, BnLvN :trLns Y nO, s2im=, s2im across or o"er . tranDuillitLs, BtLtis :tranDuillus=, "., calm. tranDuillus, Ba, Bu$, calm. trLns, prep.with acc., across, o"er . trLnsBeO, BNre, BiN, Bitus, (o across or o"er, cross. trLnsB"NgO, B"Ngere, B"N-N,B"N-us, thrust or pierce throu(h, transfix. trLnsBportO, BportLre, BportLvN, BportLtus, carry across oro"er, transport . trLnsBvehO, Bvehere, Bve-N, Bvectus, carry across or o"er . trMs, tria, plur. adj., three.

tribtu$, BN :part. o" tribuO, contribute=, n., contribution, tribute. trNstitia, Bae :trNstis, sad =, "., sadness. #rOia, Bae, "., Troy. #rOiLnN, BOru$ :#rOia=, $. plur., Tro8ans. t, tuN, pers. pron., thou, you.tu$, adv., then, at that time. turbO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :turba, confusion=, confuse, thro2 into disorder,

disturb, trouble. turbO, turbinis :turbO=, $., 2hirl2ind, hurricane. turpis, Be, dis(raceful . ttus, Ba,Bu$ :part. o" tueor, 2atch o"er =, safe. tuus, Ba, Bu$ :t=, thy, thine, your .

U

ubi, adv., 2here conj., 2hen. ulcNscor, ulcNscN, ultus, a"en(e. llus, Ba, Bu$, any. lterior, Bius

:co$p. "ro$ ltrL, beyond =, adj., farther . @li-Ms, Bis, $., 4lysses. u$bra, Bae, "., shado2, shade.u$erus, BN, $., shoulder . u$Dua$, adv., e"er . unda, Bae, "., 2a"e. unde, adv., 2hence. ndeci$us,Ba, Bu$ :ndeci$, ele"en=, ele"enth. undiDue :unde Y BDue=, adv., from or on all sides. ungO, ungere,n-N, nctus, smear, anoint . unguentu$, BN :ungO=, n., ointment . niversus, Ba, Bu$ :nus Y vertO=,all to(ether, 2hole, entire, all . nus, Ba, Bu$, one; only, alone. urbs, urbis, "., city. rO, rere, ssN,stus, burn. sDue, adv., all the time sDue ad, as far as, until DuO sDue, see DuO. sus, Bs :tor=,$., use; experience. ut, conj., as; 2hen; that ita ut, as. uter, utra, utru$, 2hich o" two. ter, tris,$., 2ine-s%in. uterBDue, utraDue, utru$Due, each, either, both. tor, tN, sus, use. utri$Due:uterDue=, adv., on either side or both sides. u-or, BOris, "., 2ife.

V

vacuus, Ba, Bu$ :vacO, be empty=, empty. valeO, BMre, BuN, Bitrus, be stron( or effectual, ha"e



effect, pre"ail . validus, Ba, Bu$ :valeO=, stron( . vallis, Bis, "., "alley. varius, Ba, Bu$, "arious. vLs,vLsis, n., plur. vLsa, BOru$, "essel . vLstO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :vLstus=, lay 2aste. vLstus, Ba, Bu$, 2aste,

hu(e, enormous, "ast . vehe$enter :vehe$Mns, "iolent =, adv., "iolently, "ehemently; earnestly;

exceedin(ly, (reatly. vehO, vehere, ve-N, vectus, carry. vellus, velleris, n., fleece. vMlO, BLre, BLvN,BLtus :vMlu$, "eil =, "eil, co"er . velBut, e"en or 8ust as, as. vMnLtiO, BOnis :vMnor, hunt =, "., huntin( .venMnu$, BN, n., poison. veniO, venNre, vMnN, ventus, come. venter, ventris, $., belly. ventus, BN, $.,

2ind . verbu$, BN, n., 2ord . vereor, BMrN, Bitus, fear . vMrO :vMrus=, adv., in truth, indeed; ho2e"er .versor, BLrN, BLtus :"reD. o" vertO=, %eep turnin(, be busy or employed, be. vertO, vertere, vertN, versus,turn. vMrus, Ba, Bu$, true rM vMrL, in truth, in fact . vMscor, BN, feed on, eat . vesper, vesperN, $.,e"enin( . vester, Btra, Btru$ :vOs=, your . vestNgiu$, BN :vestNgO, trac% =, n., trac%, foot-print . vestis, Bis,"., clothin(, dress, robe. vestNtus, Bs :vestiO, clothe=, $., clothin( . via, Bae, "., road, 2ay. viLtor,BtOris :via=, $., 2ayfarer, tra"eler . victi$a, Bae :vincO, o"ercome=, "., "ictim. victOria, Bae :vincO,o"ercome=, "., "ictory. vNctus, Bs :vNvO=, $., sustenance, food . vNcus, BN, $., "illa(e. videO, vidMre,vNdN, vNsus, see; pass., seem. vigilia, Bae :vigil, a2a%e=, "., 2atch. vNgintN, indecl. adj., t2enty. vNlla,Bae, "., country-house, "illa. vN$en, B$inis, n., osier . vinciO, vincNre, vin-N, vinctus, bind . vinculu$,BN :vinciO=, n., bond, chain. vNnu$, BN, n., 2ine. vir, virN, $., man. virgO, virginis, "., maiden. virts,Bttis :vir=, "., manliness, coura(e, bra"ery. vNs, vNs, "., "iolence, force; "irtue, potency, efficacy

plur. vNrMs, Biu$, stren(th o$nibus vNribus, 2ith all one)s stren(th, 2ith mi(ht and main. vNsus, Bs:videO=, $., si(ht . vNta, Bae :vNvO=, "., life. vNtO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, a"oid, escape. vNvO, vNvere, vN-N,vNctus, li"e. vNvus, Ba, Bu$ :vNvO=, ali"e, li"in( . vi-, adv., 2ith difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely.vocO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :vO-=, call, summon. +olcLnus, BN, $., /ulcan. volO, BLre, BLvN, BLtrus, fly.volO, velle, voluN, 2ish. volucris, Bis :volO=, "., bird . voluntLs, BtLtis :volO=, "., 2ish, 2ill . voluptLs,BtLtis :volO=, "., pleasure. vOs, plur. o" t. vorO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus, s2allo2 2hole, de"our . vO-, vOcis,"., "oice; 2ord . vulnerO, BLre, BLvN, BLtus :vulnus=, 2ound . vulnus, vulneris, n., 2ound .

%

Tephyrus, BN, $., Iephyrus, the 2est 2ind . TMtMs, Bae, $., Ietes.

END OF VOL. I

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ritchie's fabulae faciles _ a first lati - francis ritchie

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