By/ Asmaa Eisa Ghazy Mohamed Maraee

Alexandria faculty of medicine

No. / 182

Round/ 2

Among newborns babies who will be

screened for hearing loss?????

Babies with risk factors for hearing

loss

There is a family history of childhood hearing loss

50% to 60% of hearing loss in babies is due to genetic causes

some babies with hearing loss might have family members who also have a hearing loss.

a sensorineuraltype of loss

syndromes associated with permanent or progressive hearing loss

WaardenburgSyndrome

premature graying hair, white forelock

heterochromia irides

conductive, sensorineuralor mixed

Branchio-Oto-Renal (BOR)

Syndrome

associated renal (kidney) problems

• congenital, profound, sensorineural hearing loss

• vestibular dysfunction. Type I

• Hard of hearing rather than deafness

• Normal vestibular system Type II

• a progressive sensorineuralhearing loss

• variable vestibular dysfunction. Type III

Usher Syndrome

All types have progressive vision loss

In utero infections

cytomegalovirus

rubella

syphilis

herpes

toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus as cause of hearing loss

Hearing loss from congenital CMV infection can be either unilateral or bilateral and varies from mild to profound

CMV is the most common virus transmitted from mother to unborn child.

Sensorineural hearing loss

severe enough to require a blood transfusion

levels exceed 30 mg/dL

Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice)

)

This is related to the potential damage that high levels of bilirubin can cause to the

nerves of hearing.

APGAR scores of 0 to 4 at 1 minute or 0 to 6 at 5 minutes

Bacterial meningitis

lesions of the brainstem or . higher centres

Hemophilus influenza (64%), Strept pneumoniae (16%) and Neisseria meningitides (10%)

the most common cause of

acquired (SNHL) and labyrinthitis

And spreading infection to the labyrinth

damage to auditory nerves and the cochlea

Through The cochlear aqueduct.

extension of meningeal infection

to internal auditory canal and to the inner ear

labyrinthitis

Exposure to ototoxic medications

to treat serious infections or birth complications

tobramycin gentamycin streptomycin

aminoglycosides

Low birth weight

1500 grams

Craniofacial anomalies, including those with anomalies of the pinna and ear canal

Size of the auricle

MicrotiaMacrotia Anotia

preauricular fistulas

accessory auricle

middle ear problems

Otitis media middle effusion Tympanic membraneperforation

A stay in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for longer than 5 days

sustained a high level of oxygen deprivation

A lack of oxygen can accelerate the deterioration of the sensory cells