risk factors and cardiovascular disease
DESCRIPTION
Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease. Plaque formation leading to high blood pressure and heart attacks. TOTAL CHOLESTEROL. HDL. LDL ( if you are 20 years or older and have no heart disease ). Smoking. Increases blood clotting Increases vascular constriction - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Risk Factors and Cardiovascular DiseaseRisk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease
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Plaque formation leading to high blood pressure and heart attacks
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TOTAL CHOLESTEROLTOTAL CHOLESTEROL
200 mg/dl200 mg/dl DesirableDesirable
200-239200-239 Borderline HighBorderline High
240 mg/dl or more240 mg/dl or more Too HighToo High
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HDLHDL
Less than 40mg/dlLess than 40mg/dl Too lowToo low
More than 40 mg/dlMore than 40 mg/dl Beneficial; Beneficial; especially above 60 especially above 60 mg/dlmg/dl
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LDL ( if you are 20 years or older and have LDL ( if you are 20 years or older and have no heart no heart diseasedisease))
Less than 100 mg/dl Desirable(especially if you have heart disease)
100-129 mg/dl Near or above optimal
130-159 mg/dl Borderline High
160-189 mg/dl High
190 mg/dl Very High
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SmokingSmoking Increases blood clottingIncreases blood clotting
Increases vascular constrictionIncreases vascular constriction
Increases build up of plaqueIncreases build up of plaque
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ObesityObesity Increased work for the heartIncreased work for the heart
Blood must be pumped to Blood must be pumped to adipose tissueadipose tissue
Increased resistance to blood Increased resistance to blood flowflow
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DiabetesDiabetes Increase blood glucoseIncrease blood glucose
Increase rigid blood vesselsIncrease rigid blood vessels
Decrease circulation to tissuesDecrease circulation to tissues
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How does blood from your How does blood from your extremities get back to heart?extremities get back to heart?
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Varicose Vein DisordersVaricose Vein Disorders
Spider VeinsDr. Berman
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Warning SignsWarning Signs
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
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Pressure or pain in center of your chestPressure or pain in center of your chest
Persists several minutesPersists several minutes
Pain spreading to your shoulder, neck or armsPain spreading to your shoulder, neck or arms
LightheadednessLightheadedness
SweatingSweating
NauseaNausea
Shortness of breathShortness of breath
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StrokeStrokeIschemic Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke
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Treatments for Cardiovascular Treatments for Cardiovascular DiseaseDisease
range from non-invasive to very invasiverange from non-invasive to very invasive
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Treatment & detection of cardiac and Treatment & detection of cardiac and cardiovascular problems may include:cardiovascular problems may include:
By-Pass Surgery: By-Pass Surgery: http://www.heartpoint.com/bypass.htmlhttp://www.heartpoint.com/bypass.html
Angioplasty (we’ll look at next slide)Angioplasty (we’ll look at next slide)
pacemakerpacemaker
Clot “dissolvers”Clot “dissolvers”
EchocardiogramsEchocardiograms
Measurement of blood pressureMeasurement of blood pressure
Measurement of electrocardiogramMeasurement of electrocardiogramTo be discussed
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Coronary By-Pass SurgeryCoronary By-Pass Surgery
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AngioplastyAngioplasty
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Artifical PacemakerArtifical Pacemaker
Battery operated
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ECHOCARDIOGRAMECHOCARDIOGRAMSound imaging of the heartSound imaging of the heart
Tumor observed in left atrium
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Examples of Medications Examples of Medications
Dissolving plaque: “clot busters”Dissolving plaque: “clot busters”
Decrease blood pressureDecrease blood pressure
Decrease cholesterol levelsDecrease cholesterol levels
Tissue plasminogen activator
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Examples of mechanisms of Examples of mechanisms of decrease blood pressuredecrease blood pressure
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htmhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htm
Diuretics (e.g. Lasix; furosemide )Diuretics (e.g. Lasix; furosemide )
Beta-blockersBeta-blockers
Alpha-blockersAlpha-blockers
Calcium channel blockersCalcium channel blockers
Enzyme blockers (will be mentioned with kidney discussion)Enzyme blockers (will be mentioned with kidney discussion)
Exercise, weight loss and diet (may reduce or eliminate Exercise, weight loss and diet (may reduce or eliminate need for mediation!) need for mediation!)
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00027
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FYI: Links related to various medications, lifestyle choices FYI: Links related to various medications, lifestyle choices
and mechanisms of blood pressure controland mechanisms of blood pressure control
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=159http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=159
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htmhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00027
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PreventionPrevention
Increase ExerciseIncrease Exercise
No SmokingNo Smoking
Low fat dietsLow fat diets
Weight controlWeight control
Regular check upsRegular check ups
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Onto electrocardiogram and blood pressure discussion and lab