risk assessment workshop · - iso 73 / 31000 / 31010-ansi z 690 series risk matrix –defining risk...
TRANSCRIPT
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Risk Assessment WorkshopPam Walaski, CSP, CHMMDirector, Health and Safety
GAI Consultants, Inc.Pittsburgh, PA
� Benefits of Risk Assessment� Risk Assessment Definitions� Identifying Your Organization's Top Five Risks
� Risk Management Framework � Conducting a Risk Assessment – Risk Identification, Risk Analysis, Risk Evaluation
� Customizing a Risk Matrix
� A new appreciation for the Hierarchy of Controls
� Quantifying risk reduction
Today’s Plan of Action
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Benefits, Framework, Definitions
OSH (R)evolution
� OSH Professionals rethinking the tenets that determine how we practice and lead
� Compliance-based approaches running out of steam� Managing risks of the workplace required a risk-based approach embedded in a OSH management system
� Mistakes or evolution?
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Benefits of Risk Management
� Proactive Approach� Incident Prevention� Risk Profile Reduced� Operating Efficiency/Costs Reduced
� Better Management of Resources
� Employee Engagement
Risk Management Framework
Risk Assessment
Communication and
Consultation
Establishing the context
Monitoring and Review
Establishing the context
Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluation
Risk treatment
ANSI/ASSE Z690
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ANSI/ASSE Z690� Risk � Hazard� Exposure� Consequences/outcome� Probability/Likelihood� Trigger event
The Language of Risk
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Definitions
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The Language of Risk
� Risk –
� Hazard –
� Exposure –
The Language of Risk
� Likelihood/probability –
� Consequences -
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The Language of Risk
� Risk Acceptance –
� Risk Appetite –
� Risk Attitude –
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Communicating Your Top 5 Risks - Video
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Risk Assessment – Three Steps
Risk Assessment – Risk Identification
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Risk AssessmentStep 1: Risk Identification� Review tasks by department, process, project, etc.
� During Incident/Near Miss Investigations
� Identify the hazards and the additional aspects that characterize risk – sources, energy, trigger event(s), consequences
Risk Assessment
Communication and Consultation
Establishing the context
Monitoring and Review
Establishing the context
Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluation
Risk treatment
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Risk Identification TechniquesEvidence Based Methods - information gathered by employees or outside resources to identify hazards
Examples:
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Risk Identification Techniques Systematic Team Approaches – information is gathered in groups of internal/external stakeholders to identify hazards.
Examples:
Risk Identification Techniques Inductive Reasoning Techniques – technique used to provide evidence for identifying hazards
Examples:
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Hazard and Energy – Key Connection
� All risks derive from hazards� For OSH, injuries/illnesses derive from hazards � No hazard - no injury/illness
� Energy (risk source) is intertwined with OSH hazards o Energy is the source of harm for OSH hazardso Hazard with no energy - no injury/illnesso Exposure to energy from hazard creates outcome
Hazards, Energy and Trigger EventsTrigger event(s) are also intertwined with hazard:
� Trigger event is the actual cause of the injury –how energy from hazard impacts the individual, piece of property, environment, etc.
Hazard + Energy + Trigger Event = Injury/IllnessNo Energy + Trigger Event = No Injury/Illness
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Risk Identification
Risk Identification Activity (Task being performed)
Hazard (Howcan harm occur?)
Energy (Risk Source)
Trigger Events (Scenarios)
Consequence (Harm/Severity)
The fundamental goal then -• Eliminate the hazard - energy doesn’t matter• Can’t eliminate the hazard - control the energy
Risk IdentificationRisk Identification
Activity – Lifting 40# boxes 8 hours/day
Hazard -Overexertion
Energy – Weightof the boxes
Trigger Event –Lifting, bending twisting
Consequence –Back strain with lost time or restricted duty
Working on a ladder
Using a bench grinder
Wading in stream taking depth measurements
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Risk Identification
Risk Identification
Activity Hazard Energy Trigger Event Consequence
Using the last two incidents that resulted in lost time/restricted duty or a significant near miss at your organization, complete the table below.
Risk Assessment – Risk Analysis
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Risk Assessment
Step 2: Risk Analysis� Initial/Inherent risk - no controls� Existing Risk – current controls� Residual Risk� Risk Factors – defined by organization
� Risk Levels – actions defined by organization
Risk Assessment
Communication and Consultation
Establishing the context
Monitoring and Review
Establishing the context
Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluation
Risk treatment
Risk Analysis Tools
Make sure the tool selected:� Identifies hazards and risks� Assesses risk based upon
existing controls� Evaluates need for
additional controls to obtain acceptable risk
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ASSE Sells StandardsYou can purchase one or all of the ANSI/ASSE Z690series here -http://www.asse.org/ansi/asse-z690-3-2011-risk-assessment-techniques-national-adoption-of-iec/iso-31010-2009-/
Price per Standard• $110.00 – PDF• $154.00 - Print
- ISO 73 / 31000 / 31010- ANSI Z 690 Series
Qualitative vs. Semi-quantitative
Qualitative
ISO 31010/Z690
Semi-Quantitative – MIL STD 882
SEVERITYPROBABILITY
CatastrophicI
CriticalII
MarginalIII
NegligibleIV
F= Frequent 1 3 7 13
P = Probable 2 5 9 16
O= Occasional 4 6 11 18
R= Remote 8 10 14 19
I= Improbable 12 15 17 20
Also�ANSI Z10�ANSI B11.0
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Risk Factors
� Consequence/Severity) - Outcome of event or exposure
� Likelihood/Probability) - Chance that it will happen� Frequency of exposure (number of events per unit time)� Frequency of occurrence (number of times before event)� What else?
- ISO 73 / 31000 / 31010- ANSI Z 690 Series
Risk Matrix – Defining Risk Factors
Outcome/Injury or Illness
Likelihood of Occurrence and/ or
Exposure
Catastrophic Significant Moderate Minor4 3 2 1
Very
Likely
4High High Serious Medium16 12 8 4
Likely
3High Serious Medium Low12 9 6 3
Unlikely
2
Serious Medium Low Very Low8 6 4 2
Rare
1Medium Low Very Low Very Low
4 3 2 1
Terms are defined differently by each organization and type of business/risk
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Risk Factor – Consequence/SeverityConsequence or Severity
ANSI Z10 ANSI B11.0
(CAT) Catastrophic Death or permanent total disability Unable to return to work
(C) Critical Disability in excess of 3 months, hospitalization of > 3 people per event
Able to return to work at some point
(M) Marginal Minor injury, lost workday incident Able to return to same job
(N) Negligible First aid or minor medical treatment
Little or no lost work time
Risk Factor – Consequence/Severity
From B11.0 (Table C.1) - Severity of Harm by Injury Type
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Risk Factor - Likelihood
MIL STD 882E Suggested Probability LevelsDescription Category Environmental, Safety, and Health Result CriteriaFrequent A Likely to occur often in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence
greater than 10-1 in that life. Continuously experienced.Probable B Will occur several times in the life of an item, with a probability of
occurrence less than 10-1 but greater than 10-2 in that life. Will occur frequently.
Occasional C Likely to occur some time in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-2 but greater than 10-3 in that life. Will occur several times.
Remote D Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-3 but greater than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely, but can reasonably be expected to occur.
Improbable E So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely to occur, but possible.
- MIL STD 882D
Risk Factor - Likelihood
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Risk Factor - Exposure
Exposure to hazards rather than tasks
Likelihood Frequency of Hazard
Frequent Hazard(s) likely exists throughout the duration of the task.
Probable Hazard(s) will occasionally exist throughout the duration of the tasks.
Occasional Hazard will sometimes exist throughout the duration of the tasks.
Remote Hazard will seldom exist throughout the duration of the tasks.
Improbable Hazards will not likely exist during this tasks.
Risk Factor - Exposure
Sample
Frequent Task is performed several times an hour and/or duration mayapproach at least 4 hours a day.
Probable Task is performed several times a day and/or durationapproaches 1 hour a day.
Occasional Task is performed several times a day, and/or in typicaldurations under one hour.
Remote Task is performed less than one or two times a day, or durationmay be under a few hours a month.
Improbable Task may occur only under exceptional circumstances and becompleted in just a few minutes.
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Risk Analysis: Choosing a Risk Matrix and Risk Factors - Video
Customizing a Risk Matrix
Outcome/Injury or Illness
Likelihood of Occurrence and/ or
Exposure
Catastrophic Significant Moderate Minor4 3 2 1
Very
Likely
4High High Serious Medium16 12 8 4
Likely
3High Serious Medium Low12 9 6 3
Unlikel
y 2Serious Medium Low Very Low
8 6 4 2
Rare
1Medium Low Very Low Very Low
4 3 2 1
Work in your groups to define “acceptable risk” – color, score, other?
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Cause and Effect Analysis
� Also known as fishbone
� In use since 1960s
� Works well for incident analysis
� Six elements reviewed to determine cause
� Each element has multiple aspects
Cause and Effect Elements
Man (People)� Anyone involved with the process
Methods� How the process is performed, requirements for performing → policies, procedures, rules, regulations, laws and other methods
Machines� Equipment, machines, and tools required to complete the task
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Cause and Effect Elements
Materials� Parts, raw materials, supplies, etc. used in the process or to produce the product
Management/Measurements� Data generated to manage/motivate conformance
Environment� Conditions (location, time, temperature, and culture) in which the process operates
Fishbone Diagram - Brainstorming
Effect:1. Back strain with lost
time or restricted duty2. Concussion, broken
bones3. Eye injury/ blindness4. Torn rotator cuff
*Each cause requires evaluation for possible control.
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Risk Assessment - Risk Evaluation
Risk Assessment
Step 3: Risk Evaluation� Evaluate controls to determine if the risk is acceptable
� Consider additional controls for unacceptable risks
� Create data to make decisions and monitor future actions
ANSI/ASSE Z590.3-2011, Prevention through Design
Risk Assessment
Communication and Consultation
Establishing the context
Monitoring and Review
Establishing the context
Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluation
Risk treatment
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Risk Reduction
Can we use the hierarchy to quantify risk reduction?
By points, by percentage?
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Quantifying Risk Reduction
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Risk Reduction
Inherent Risk (no controls) =Outcome X Likelihood
Residual Risk = Inherent Risk - Control Reduction
Acceptable risk? Continue to evaluate controls.
Outcome X Likelihood = Inherent Risk 4 X 3 = 12• Risk is not acceptable
Residual Risk = Inherent Risk - Control Reduction
Controls in place? TrainingReduction obtained? 20% (0.2)
Inherent Risk X Control Reduction = Risk Reduction 12 X .2 = 2.4Inherent Risk – Risk Reduction = Residual Risk 12 – 2.4 = 9.6
Acceptable?
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Risk Reduction - Example
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Risk Management – ANSI/ASSE Z690
Moving Forward - Applications at Your Organization
Risk Assessment Workshop
• Questions – Comments - Closing
•Questions•Comments•Closingommen Closing
Questions – Comments - Closing
