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Rising to the Challenge of Integrating Renewable Resources into Cooperative Portfolios
Mike Casper Business & Technology Strategies
Group Lead – Generation, Environment & Carbon National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)
Office 703.907.5818 Mobile 571.329.4594
Challenges and opportunities
associated with variable generation resources, including fast-start
generation
One of the Biggest Challenges Impact of High Penetration Wind and Solar PV on Ramping CAISO January 2020-Impact on Cyclic Operation of Fossil Plants
Cyclic Operation Defined Cycling of thermal plants causes temperature swings that can lead to creep, fatigue, and fatigue creep interaction in components and equipment, which can lead to increased operations and maintenance costs, more frequent repairs, reduced component life, and more frequent forced outages
Summary of Key Consequences of Cycling Coal-Fired Units
• Delayed, but eventual significant increase in forced plant outages, replacement power costs, and O&M budgets
• Increase in plant starts to beyond 50 a year (one start per week) can increase boiler tube failures by a factor of 4
• Reliability has been shown to decrease by 15% to 25%
• O&M budgets have increased by a factor of 5 to 10 over 10 years
• Added costs can be as high $10/MWh for a 400 MW coal plant
General Cycling Impact on Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT)
• Increased capital-spend for component replacement
• Increased routine O&M costs due to increased levels of wear and tear
• Lower availability due to increase in failure rate and outage time
• Higher fuel consumption during start-up and shut-down
• Total Possible Cost Impact $6.6 million for a 350 MW CCGT or $4.3/MWh
What are Co-ops Doing?
• Adding fast start flexible reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) – To reduce cycling and ramping impacts of coal and natural gas
combined cycle units – To smooth out and follow wind
170 MW, Antelope Station – Texas
Antelope Station, USA Customer Golden Spread Electric
Cooperative (Utility)
Type Wärtsilä 34SG gas grid stability
Operating mode
Peak load/stand-by & emergency
Gensets 18 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG
Total output 170 MW
Fuel Natural gas
Scope EEQ
Delivered 2011
”Wärtsilä engines start very quickly and are efficient units.” Mark W. Schwirtz, President & General Manager, GSEC
Ulysses, Kansas - USA Providing ancillary services and wind following capability
116 MW, Rubart Station – Kansas
Rubart Station, USA Customer Mid-Kansas Electric Co.
Type CAT G20CM34 @ 9.7 MWe
Operating mode
Peak load/stand-by & emergency
Gensets 12 x G20CM34
Total output 116 MW
Fuel Natural gas
Delivered 2014
Smart Power Generation ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY
FUEL FLEXIBILITY
SMART POWER
GENERATION
“Enabling power systems to operate at maximum efficiency by effectively absorbing net load variations, thereby providing dramatic savings”
Example Features • Fast start – 5 min to Pmax • Ramp rates – Pmin to Pmax in < 40s • High efficiency across load range • Shut down in <1 min, low Pmin • No min run time, 5 min minimum down time • Low impact of ambients (temp, altitude,
etc) • No water consumption • Multi fuel capabilities (gas, biofuels, oil etc) • Black start, AGC and remote dispatch
© Wärtsilä
What is NRECA Doing to Help? • The Cooperative Research Network™ (CRN), the technology research
arm of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), conducts collaborative research to accelerate technological innovation that can be applied by electric cooperatives worldwide https://www.cooperative.com/InterestAreas/CRN/ProductsServices/TechSurveillanceMagazine/Pages/default.aspx
• Developed Distributed Generation (DG) Toolkit http://www.nreca.coop/nreca-on-the-issues/energy-operations/distributed-generation/
• Participation in Dept of Energy (DOE) Solar Utility Network Deployment Acceleration (SUNDA) Project http://www.nreca.coop/what-we-do/cooperative-research-network/renewable-distributed-energy/sunda-project/
• Development of Open Modeling Framework https://www.cooperative.com/conferences/webconferences/pastwebconferences/openmodelingframework/Pages/default.aspx
Thank You
Mike Casper National Rural Electric Cooperative Association
Office 703.907.5818 Mobile 571.329.4594