right vs. left brain reflection 1.do you agree with the test’s findings? why/why not? 2.how do you...
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Right vs. Left Brain Reflection1. Do you agree with the test’s
findings? Why/Why not?2. How do you see your actions
reflecting what your results were?
3. How would you assess those around you on whether they are right or left brain dominant?
Value Walk!!
1. Whether you agree/disagree2. Why?
1
I agree with the Right vs. Left Brain test findings we completed
the other day.
2
Our brain is what separates us as
humans from other animals.
3
Animals cannot have a “mind of their own.” (This is reserved for
humans)
4
“Use it or lose it” applies to our brains as
well.
5
It is difficult to decide if the brain is actually working like it should.
Unit 2: BiopsychologyUnit 2 Learning Outcomes
• Identify basic processes and systems in the biological bases of behavior, including parts of the neuron and the process of transmission of a signal between neurons
• Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions:— central and peripheral nervous systems; — major brain regions, lobes, and cortical areas;— brain lateralization and hemispheric specialization
• Recount historic and contemporary research strategies and technologies that support research (e .g ., case studies, split-brain research, imaging techniques)
• Discuss psychology’s abiding interest in how heredity, environment, and evolution work together to shape behavior
Neurons and Nerves
Neurons and NervesThe purpose of the nervous system is to
generate behaviors.
Neurons and Nerves
How do we get from small neurons to behaviors?1=nothingMany=complicated tasks
Neuron
Neuron Dendrites receive the messages from other neurons
The Soma is the main body of the neuron and also takes in messages
The Axon carries information away from the cell body.
The Axon Terminals are the branches that link dendrites to other cell bodies.
Put a 1 or 2 word description that you come up with
Right hand = Dendrites Body = Soma Left Arm = Axon Left Hand = Axon Terminal
Nerve Impulse
Nerve cells have tiny chemical molecules called ions which hold a + or – charge.
Usually a neuron is at rest, called the resting potential.
Once the charge/resting potential changes enough the cell will reach a threshhold and will fire. The action potential has been reached.
How fast?
Nerve Impulses firing
Once the charge/resting potential changes enough the cell will reach a threshhold and will fire.
How does the impulse travel?
The membrane is pierced by little tunnels called ion channels that open during an Action Potential. This is an all or nothing event. There is no “kinda” traveled.
-A-alpha nerve fibers carry information related to proprioception (muscle sense).-A-beta nerve fibers carry information related to touch.-A-delta nerve fibers carry information related to pain and temperature.-C-nerve fibers carry information related to pain, temperature and itch.
I would like for you to create a “storyboard” of a nerve impulse.
In eight scenes, create a story/metaphor that mirrors a nerve impulse from resting potential through travel to another neuron.
Include pictures/captions/dialogue. Be creative. You will be sharing your stories.
Discussion Questions
1. Which part of the neuron do you feel is the most important and why?
Discussion Questions
2. Describe how transmission of a neural impulse occurs.
Discussion Questions
3. Describe Other Cells of the Nervous System. Which is most important and why?
Discussion Questions
4. Describe the 3 basic types of neurons (in the Neuronal circuitry section).
Discussion Questions
5. Describe the 3 types of neuronal pathways common to all vertebrates. Which is most important, why?
Transmission of Nerve Impulse
Prior to 1850, it was believed that nerves traveled 11 million miles per second!
Of course this is not true…
Hermann von Helmholtz in 1850
Transmission of Nerve Impulse
In 1850 Hermann von Helmholtz found it to be much slower, 50-100 M/sec
1. Cut out a muscle and nerve fiber from frog leg.
2. He would stimulate the nerve at various distances from the muscle and measure the time
3. Found that when he stimulated closer to the muscle, it was a faster time
4. He deduced that the distance between the point of stimulation divided by the time difference S=D/T
Lobes of Brain
In your groups you will be answering the questions about the lobe you chose. Today will be used to purely gather information, with Thursday starting off by transferring that information to the poster.
There are only a few questions listed on each sheet, please don’t limit yourself to these questions. You should utilize all of the 45 minutes to research.
The Nervous System
Neurons are not the same as nerves. Nerves are large bundles of axons and dendrites, while neurons are tiny individual cells.
We can see nerves because they are coated with a fatty layer of tissue called myelin.
The Nervous System
The gaps in myelin help the nerve impulses move quickly, leaping from gap to gap.
What happens if it is damaged?
Numbness, Weakness, Paralysis
The Nervous System
Multiple Sclerosis is a disease where someone’s own immune system attacks and destroys myelin.
The Nervous System
This thin layer of cells allows damages to repair themselves, except for the brain and spinal cord, where what you see is what you get.
Neural NetworksCentral Nervous System:Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous system:Network of nerves carrying information to and from the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic vs. Autonomic
Somatic carries messages to and from the sense organs and skeletal muscles, controlling voluntary behavior.
Autonomic serves internal organs and glands, is self-governing
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic vs.
Sympathetic
Sympathetic is the emergency system,
preparing body for fight or flight.
Parasympatheic quiets the body back down, moderates
the vital functions (like heart reate)
Autonomic Nervous System experiment
1 minute
2 minute
3 minute
4 minute
5 minute
6 minute
7 minute
8 minute
Autonomic Nervous System experiment1 minute
2 minute
3 minute
4 minute
5 minute
6 minute
7 minute
8 minute
What happened?
Take a few minutes and reflect on what you saw, and what implications it has.
Psychology Unit 2 Lobes of Brain/Vocab. quiz
Please define/give the function of the following:
5 minutes to review lobes/areas of the brain
Psychology Unit 2 Lobes of Brain/Vocab. quiz
Please define/give the function of the following:
1. Occipital Lobe2. Parietal Lobe3. Temporal Lobe4. Frontal Lobe5. Neuron6. Dendrites7. Resting Potential8. Synapse9. Threshold 10. Central Nervous System11. Draw your best image of a brain and label all 7
areas that you learned about today.
Please define/give the function of the following:1. Occipital Lobe-Back portion of the brain/cerebral cortex where vision
registers.
2. Parietal Lobe-Are of the brain on top/ near the back where bodily sensations register
3. Temporal Lobe-Area on side of the brain where hearing registers in the brain
4. Frontal Lobe-area of brain associated with movement, sense of smell, and higher mental functions
5. Neuron-An individual nerve cell, takes information and passes it on
6. Dendrites-neuron fibers that look like the roots of a tree and receive incoming messages
7. Resting Potential-the electrical charge of a neuron at rest
8. Synapse-microscopic space between two neurons, over which messages pass
9. Threshold-The point at which a nerve impulse is triggered, the final
straw/tipping point 10. Central Nervous System-consists of the brain and spinal cord
The Cerebral Cortex
The only area in which we as humans excel is
intelligence.
1:60
The Cerebral Cortex
The more complex the animal, the larger the proportion of the brain that is
devoted to the cerebrum, or the two hemispheres.
The Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is where 70% of our CNS neurons are located, even though it is only 3mm thick.
The Cerebral Cortex
The reason we are so smart is because of the corticalization or size and wrinkling of the brain
Lower animals have smooth brains.
The Cerebral Cortex
The cortex is composed of two cerebral hemispheres, or sides.
The hemispheres are connected by a thick band of fibers called the corpus callosum.
The Cerebral Cortex
Right hemisphere damage=left-side damage
Left hemisphere damage=right-side damage
Idea of spatial neglect
The Cerebral Cortex
Is it possible to test only one side of the brain???
In some patients with epilepsy, the corpus callosum is cut. Called a split-brain operation
Further labeling of the brain
Premotor CortexDirect control of movement behavior, specifically the trunk region
Prefrontal CortexPlans complex behaviors, personality, making decisions, and knowing social behaviorsExecutive Function
Motor CortexPlanning, control, and execution of voluntary movements
Wernicke’s Areaareas that controls written and spoken language (formulate what we are going to say)
Broca’s AreaMajor speech and language area, grammar and pronunciation (executes the plan of what we are going to say)
Lateral FissureSeparates frontal and parietal from temporal lobe
Central FissureSeparates parietal from frontal lobe
Further labeling of the brain
Medulla Controls breathing, swallowing, digestion, and heartbeat
PonsActs as bridge between medulla and other structures. Influences sleep and arousal
Further labeling of the brain
Reticular Formation Attention, alertness, reflexes
RAS –reticular activating system-Information from the sense organs registers
Know how vs. Know what
Lymbic System
Hippocampus Stores memories, forming, organizing, storing
Amygdala Fear responses, allows us to respond
HypothalamusRegulates emotional behaviors and motives, also hunger, thirst, and temp.
ThalamusRelays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
Brain DiagramUsing what you learned about the brain, please create a sketch of your brain with;
1. Correct labels2. Visual representation of each part (for the
occipital lobe, I would draw an eye)a. Frontal Lobeb. Parietal Lobec. Occipital Lobed. Temporal Lobee. Cerebellumf. Wernicke’s Areag. Motor Cortexh. Broca’s Areai. Central Fissurej. ponsk. Lateral Fissurel. Hippocampusm. Amygdalan. Hypothalamuso. Thalamus
The Cerebral Cortex
I would like you to take a look at page 66 in your textbooks, it shows a diagram of how much space of the cortex is assigned to motor functions. Take the rest of the class to create your own diagram that mirrors this diagram.
Use the same words, but choose your own images.