RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION

• International customary law, as defined in the UN Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, affirms the right of all peoples to self determination, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.

• The term peoples should include nations/nationalities, national minorities, ethnic minorities, and indigenous peoples, all of whom have the inalienable right to self determination.

• A nation is a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

Sultanate of Sulu

Sultanate of

Maguindanao

Pat a Pangampong

ku Ranaw

HISTORY OF RESISTANCE

The 1896 Revolution helped in stopping Spanish expansionism to Mindanao.

Kiram-Bates

Treaty (1899)

HISTORY OF

COLONIALISM

“FRIENDLY RELATIONS” Treaty of Paris 1898

•Respect Religion and Tradition •Recognition of Religious and Political Authority

Monthly Allowance: •$250 for the sultan •$60-$75 for each datu In exhange ----- x Moro weapons x Piracy & Slavery

COLONIAL INJUSTICE

BUD DAJO MASSACRE (1906) - More than 1,000 Moro men, women and children dead

BUD BAGSAK

MASSACRE (SULU, 1913)

•Land Registration Act of 1902 (Torrens Titling vs Adat – no ownership) •Philippine Bill of 1902 (16 has vs 1,634 has) •Public Land Act of 1903 – unregistered become Public Lands

SYSTEMATIC LAND GRABBING

Americanization of

Bangsamoro

• Kategorya ng mga probinsya --“sibilisado” at “di-sibilisado.”

June 1903 – MORO PROVINCE (Zamboanga, Lanao, Cotabato, Davao & Sulu)

•Undermined authority of Imam and

Shariah

•Imposed Cedula vs. drakat (zakat) of

agama.

•Prohibition of Madrasah-- Arabic &

Qur’an

•1911- prohibition of weapons

•Agricultural Corporations – more than

1,634 hectares

•1913 to 1917 - Seven Agricultural

Colonies: Pikit, Silik, Paidu Pulangi,

Pagalungam, Glan (Cotabato Province) & Momungan Lanao 1912 – Pensionado: 200 Moro youth

schooled in America

YEAR NAME OF COMPANY HECTARES

1906 Davao P lanters Association

(Abaca, Coconut, Rubber)

1,000,000 (?)

39,489

7,750

1910 159 European and American

Plantations

1926 Del Monte Corp (Bukidnon)

(Pineapple)

1,024 sa

simula-- 7,922

expansion

1914 Weyerhauser (Maguindanao)

- Logging concession

72,000 has

1929 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co

(Zamboanga) –rubber plantation

1937 Dole (Cotabato)- Pineapple 6,818

Findlay Miller (Lanao) -

logging

Lianga Bay Logging (Surigao)

FOREIGN-OWNED PLANTATIONS AND RESETTLEMENTS

• 1st Cotabato Valley –

Christians 16 has vs. 8

has Moro families

• 1930 – 17 agricultural

settlements in Cotabato,

Davao, Zamboanga del

Sur, Agusan & Lanao

• Plantations for Export ,

mining and logging.

Coconut and sugar mills

• Cooper Act of 1902

• Act 2254 & Act 2280 1913 • Public Land Act No. 2874 of 1919

• Commonwealth Act No.

141 of 1936

• Act No. 141

ACT No. 141 (American Administration)

• 4 has for Moros

• 24 for Christians

• 1,024 has for corporations In 1935, a group of Maranaw datus petitioned for a separate state from President Roosevelt. Even earlier, some prominent Sulu sultans also made a "declaration of rights and purposes" asking for some independence for Sulu.

1946 – Republic of the Philippines

1948-1960 roughly 1.2 million Filipinos migrated to Mindanao

NATIONAL OPPRESSION

• Five-Year Plan State-Directed Settlement Policy (1975-1980)

• 1960-1970, estimated 362,000 people migrated to Mindanao

• 1975 – another 106,912 hectares for public resettlement in Mindanao

• 1977 Philippine Ministry of Agrarian Reform (MAR) - 44 settlement w/ area 734,825 ha and 49,898 settler families

JABIDDAH MASSACRE

March 18, 1968 28-64 Moro youth were killed in Corregidor Island due to OPLAN MERDEKA

• Tawi-Tawi Balimbing-Bongao

• Sulu Panamao-Talipao-Patikul

• Basilan Lamitan-Sumisip-Maluso

• ZdlNorte Liloy-Salug-Sindangan

• Lanao del Norte and Sur

• Cotabato Province

MAR Settlements

Post Martial Law: 1986-1991 1987 Constitution --- Creation of the ARMM; integration of some Sharia laws in the fields of customary and marriage laws;

1969 – 1972 : Creation of MNLF

December 23, 1976 – TRIPOLI AGREEMENT, essentially giving up independence and settling for autonomy in Maguindanao and Sulu (MINSUPALA)

July 1977- 1986: AFP’s “search and destroy" but Moro defended territories

1971 to 1976 of military operations, 50,000 to 80,000 died and 300,000 displaced

1983 – MNLF split between Misuari and Hashim Salamat

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and Southern Philippines Council for Peace and Development;

SZOPAD

GRP formula for peace negotiation is US and Japan’s recipe for intervention:

Demobilization

Disarmament

Reintegration/Rehabilitation

1996 GRP-MNLF FINAL PEACE AGREEMENT,

RA 9094 Expanded ARMM

March 1984 - Ustadz Hashim Salamat publicly announced the split from Misauri-led MNLF and established the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

Four Point Program: •Islamization •Strengthen organization •Military Strength •Self Reliance 1999: GRP-MILF Peace Negotiations

Ceasefire – GRP violations 33 Major Camps and Satellite Camps: Abubakre and Bushra

CPP-NPA-NDFP in Mindanao 1964 – KABATAAN MAKABAYAN (Moro Recruits)

1970’s Guerilla Zones and Basees in Mindanao, including Moro and Lumad areas

1982 – Moro Revolutionary Organization (MRO) and Moro Revolutionary Army (MRA)

1989 Rectification Movement

1999 NDF-MILF Tactical Alliance

2005 – Moro Resistance and Liberation Organization

CP

P

MAKIBAKA

RCTU

Kabataang Makabayan

CNL

ARMAS

Christian Settlers - 13 Million

Moro Population - 3.7 Million

Lumad Population - 2.1 Million

ARMM – 2.4 Million inhabitants

20%8%

72%

Mindanao Tri-People

Christian Settlers

Muslim

IPs

Lumad 18 Ethnolinguistic Groups

Moro 13 tribes

VICTIMS OF NATIONAL

OPPRESSION

Yakan

Tausug

Samal/Sama Bangingi

Maranao

Iranon

Maguindanao

Kalbogan

Sangir

Kalagan

BANGSAMORO: Thirteen Ethnolinguistic groups

Badjao

Jama Mapun

Palawanis & Molbog

LUMAD: Eighteen Ethnolinguistic groups

SUBANEN 858,970

LUMAD are the 18 ethnolinguistic tribes found in Mindanao

TIGWAHANON 36,128

HIGAONON 265,000

MANOBO 250,000

MAMANWA 7,1800

BANWAON 5,000

TEDURAY 354,625

15,000 MATIGSALOG

T’BOLI 374,212 B’LAAN

256,106

TEDURAY

MANSAKA 115,248

TALAANDIG10,000

DIBABAWON81,997

MANDAYA 268,913

MANSAKA 115,248

Christian Visayan Settlers

CHAVACANO ILOCANO

ILONGGO

SURIGAONON

Cebuano

Cebuano

Continuing Challenge: High incidence of

poverty, poor quality of life – Mindanao has continually lagged behind in social services.

• Though urban poverty has decreased by 31 percent since 1991, rural poverty has also increased by 31 percent since 1991.

• Poverty incidence in Mindanao reached 38.8 percent, an increase of 1.1 percent from 2003 figures

• 6 of the 10 poorest provinces are from Mindanao

• 19.2 % of families in Mindanao are food poor.

• Mindanao has 4 of the bottom 5 provinces in the Human Development Index

• 4.67 million families that earned less than what they needed for basic food and non-food needs

BF Goodrich and Sime Darby Tires; One Town One Product (rubber)

Paglas Banana Plantation

Nestle investments on Coffee Growers

Alcantara- Dominguez mining

Quebranza-Dimaporo

coconut plantations

Mangudadatu plantations

Lobregat Family Cassava and Coconut Plantation, Balabagan, Lanao del Sur

Pinol – Arakan Valley

Complex; PALMA Complex; Plough

Now, Pay Later; African Palm

Plantation

AMPATUAN Landed and Political elite in the ARMM

LANDED ELITES

POST- 2010 ELECTIONS IN MINDANAO

Noynoy’s Mindanao Agenda?

Can he change Mindanao Politics?

PLUNDER OF RESOURCES

• Comprehensive Dev’t Plan for the Liguasan Marsh 1999 – 2025

• Known to have extensive oil and natural gas deposits, which oil companies and the Phil. Gov’t are keen to exploit

• Project-SEED-Pikit or Social, Economic Enhancement Program (SEED)

TVI OPERATION IN SIOCON, ZAMBOANGA del NORTE

LIGUASAN MARSH

POLITICAL REPRESSION

ALL-OUT WAR to WAR ON TERROR

Between 400,000 and 1M displaced; 160,000 dead

MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MINDANAO: •April 2000 – All-Out War •November 2001 – Pursuit Ops vs. Misuari •January-July 2002: Balikatan in Basilan •August 2002: Foreign Terrorist Organization •February 2003 – Buliok War •September 2003 – Lanao Offensives February 2005 – Maimbong Sulu

ALL-OUT WAR to WAR ON TERROR March 24, 2001 “Agreement on the General Framework for the Resumption of Peace Talks”

GRP-MILF Tripoli Agreement on Peace of 2001 •The Security and Rehabilitation Aspects are in the nature of confidence-building. •Ancestral Domain is political in nature and as such it is the door to all other political issues in the negotiations.

August 7, 2001 Guidelines for the Ceasefire

September 11, 2001 Twin Towers Bombing

US War on Terror (2001) and the

US-RP Balikatan (2002) under

the VFA (1999)

BALANCE PISTON 06-02

Carmen, North Cotabato

BAYANIHAN 05

Talayan;

MEDCAPS in

Parang

SIOCON (TVI)

Canatuan Gold MEDCAPS 2005

Sirawai

MEDCAPS

2005 Lamitan

MEDCAPS

Mt. Butig

BALANCE PISTON 06-02

Carmen, North Cotabato;

2007 MEDCAP MIDSAYAP

3rd Marine Brigade,

Camp Teodolfo

Bautista, Busbus,

Jolo Sulu) 6th Infantry

Division, Camp

Siongco,

Maguindanao

MEDCAPS 2005

Sirawai

MEDCAPS 2005

Lamitan;

SEABEES, Tipo-Tipo

CAMP

RANAO

Balikatan US-RP Joint Military

Exercises in Moro Areas

US TROOPS IN

SARANGGANI US TROOPS

LEBAK, SK

JOINT OPERATIONS TASK FORCE –

PHILIPPINES (since 2002), Camp

Navarro, Zamboanga City

US BOMB

EXPERTS, FBI,

CIA AND

AUSTRALIAN

SPIES TAWI-TAWI USNS

MERCY NAVAL

BOAT; Philippine

Naval Station,

Batu-Batu,

Panglima Sugala,

Edwin Andrews Air

Base in Sta. Maria,

Zamboanga City

Camp Malagutay,

Brgy. Malagutay,

Zamboanga City

64th IB, Datu Piang,

Maguindanao

Disregard of Civil and Political Rights

Disregard of Civil and Political Rights

Bu Bizma: Victim of

US-RP Balikatan

POLITICAL REPRESSION

IN MINDANAO 1.The Human Security Act (Republic

Act 9372) & War on Terror 2. AFP’s Oplan Bantay Laya (2002-

2006) Oplan Bantay Laya II (2006-2010)

3. National Internal Security Plan – Indigenous People

3. Extra-Judicial Killings & Abductions 4. 2006– Executive Order 546 –

establishing paramilitary troops or CVO’s

5.US Counter Insurgency Guide and Oplan Bayanihan

6. Investment Defense Forces for plantations and mining

Highlighted EJK Case under 10th Infantry Division

Aquino’s Mindanao:

PRESENCE OF US TROOPS PROSECUTE THE AMPATUANS

PROSECUTE ARROYO

JUSTICE TO THE VICTIMS OF WAR

Year 2008-2010 600,000 to 750,000 displaced US Counter - Insurgency Guide Oplan Bayanihan

PRIVATE ARMIES Malacañang-formed Independent Commission Against Private Armies, said that of the 112 identified private armed groups (PAGs), a total of 72 remain active

No. Of Active

Area

8 PAGs Ilocos

3 PAGs Cagayan Valley

6 PAGs Central Luzon

6 PAGs Calabarzon

4 PAGs Mimaropa

7 PAGs Bicol

6 PAGs Western Visayas

2 PAGs Central Visayas

1 PAGs Eastern Visayas

2 PAGs Zamboanga Peninsula

7 PAGs Northern Mindanao

1 PAG Caraga

19 PAGs ARMM

• 2008 Memorandum on Ancestral Domain

• Terms of Reference

• Concepts and Principles

• Territory • Resources • Governance

•February 9, 2010 •January 4 GPH letter •International Monitoring Team •International Coordinating Group

GPH-MILF PEACE TALKS 2011

MILF calls for the release of 25 MILF members including Engr. Eduard Guerra( a.k.a. Abraham Yap Alonto), arrested on September 22 at the Davao International Airport en route to Geneva, Switzerland, to attend a meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Council

GPH-MNLF PEACE TALKS 2011

Amendatory bill for Republic Act (RA) 9054-ARMM expansion

Will present RA9054 to the OIC Fourth Tripartite Meeting:

Out of the 32 issues, 3 items in common: •area of autonomy

•sharing of revenues between central government and regional government in strategic minerals transitional mechanism

X. Rights of Indigenous Peoples, National Minorities and Nationalities for Self- Determination And Decolonization Against Discrimination, Racism, and National Oppression by Imperialism and Local Reaction SU BANGSA, SU MORO, SAGUNA MANININDEG!

TAKBEER! ALLAHU AKBAR!