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Human Rights Law

Atty. Manuel Sarausad

Reyvi Dominguez

Gammycel Sarausad

Mervic Al TubleMonday 6:00 :00 !M" M#

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights- Right to Seek Asylum

Article 14 $%& 'veryone (as t(e rig(t to see) and to en*oy in ot(er countries asylum +rom

,ersecution. $-& T(is rig(t may not be invo)ed in t(e case o+ ,rosecutions genuinely arising +romnon,olitical crimes or +rom acts contrary to t(e ,ur,oses and ,rinci,les o+ t(e /nited ations.

! Asylum in "eneral

Asylum is t(e ,rotection given by a government to someone 1(o (as le+t anot(er country

in order to esca,e being (armed2 an inviolable ,lace o+ re+uge and ,rotection giving s(elter tocriminals and debtors: sanctuary.

T(ree element o+ t(e rig(t to asylum under international la1:

a& T(e rig(t o+ an individual to see) asylum

b& T(e rig(t o+ a state to grant asylum" and

c& T(e rig(t o+ an individual to be granted asylum

T(e rig(t to see) asylum is t(e s,eci+ic rig(t to leave one3s o1n state and enter anot(er

territory +or t(e ,ur,ose o+ claiming ,rotection +rom ,ersecution under domestic or internationalla1. Suc( a rig(t is t(e elementary rig(t +rom 1(ic( all ot(er rig(ts o+ asylum" and t(e re+ugee

convention" are based.

T(e granting o+ asylum is +irst and +oremost a state rig(t" in recognition o+ state

sovereignty. 'very state (as e4clusive sovereignty over its territory and t(e ,eo,le 1it(in it. As

suc(" states (ave t(e rig(t to grant entry" residence and re+uge to any individual located 1it(in itsborders. 5(ile t(e UDHR,rovides +or t(e rig(t to see) asylum" t(etravauxprparatoires(ig(lig(t t(at suc( a rig(t 1as never intended to dis,lace t(e state3s rig(t to grant

asylum. ndeed" t(e UDHR 1as understood to e4,licitly recognise t(e state3s rig(t to grant

asylum" 1(ile t(e individual only (as a rig(t to 7see) and en*oy3.

A re+ugee must (ave undergone a ,rocess o+ see)ing asylum outside o+ t(eir country o+

origin. 8o1ever" t(e granting o+ re+ugee status does not automatically entail t(e granting o+asylum. ndeed" millions o+ ,eo,le (ave been recognized as re+ugees" yet live in ,rotracted

situations 1it(out ,rotection. n +act" t(eRefugees Convention does not address t(e granting o+

asylum" leaving t(e granting o+ asylum to t(e sovereignty o+ states. 5(ile re+ugees" and ot(ers"(ave to rig(t to non-refoulement" as discussed later" t(is is not e9uivalent to receiving asylum. As

8at(a1ay notes" 7t(e duty o+ non-refoulement is not" (o1ever" t(e same as a rig(t to asylum

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sanctuaryhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sanctuary

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+rom ,ersecution3. ndeed" non-refoulement" only ,ro(ibits measures t(at cause re+ugees to

return to ,ersecution" it does not establis( a duty on states to receive re+ugees.

/nder t(eRefugees Convention,,rotection is only ,rovided to t(ose +leeing ,ersecution

+or reasons o+ 7race" religion" nationality" members(i, o+ a ,articular social grou, or ,olitical

o,inion3" )no1n as t(e nexus grounds. n contrast" t(e granting o+ asylum" in recognition a state3ssovereignty may be a,,lied in a muc( broader sense t(an t(eRefugees Convention.ndeed" t(e

S,ecial Ra,,orteur o+ t(e nternational a1 ;ommission (as noted t(at 7t(ere is no limit ,laced

on t(e +orms o+ ,ersecution t(at can result in t(e granting o+ asylum" in contrast to t(e +orms o+,ersecution 1(ic( o,en t(e 1ay to re+ugee status.3 As suc(" asylum see)ers may be +leeing more

general violence" t(e deat( ,enalty" 1ar and con+lict" torture or un+air ,rosecution. /nli)e

t(eRefugees Convention,,ersecution under asylum does not (ave to be +or one o+ t(e ne4us

grounds" indeed suc( a decision to grant asylum is u, to t(e discretion o+ t(e state.

!! #ackgroun$

T(e conce,t o+ ,roviding ,rotection to t(ose +leeing arrest by a ,ursuer (as been used

t(roug(out t(e centuries. T(roug(out t(e ages" asylum 1as o++ered as a 1ay to ,rovide mercy"*ustice and +airness to t(ose +leeing un*ust ,unis(ment under t(e la1. n ancient Greece" a ,erson

in need o+ ,rotection +rom a ,ursuer could enter a sacred ,lace in order to claim su,,lication.

T(e

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T(ere are a number o+ di++erent +orms o+ asylum recognized in contem,orary

international la1. T(e S,ecial Ra,,orteur o+ t(e nternational a1 ;ommission (as noted t(at

t(ere are 7t(ree di++erent ty,es o+ asylum: territorial or internal asylum" e4traterritorial ordi,lomatic asylum" and neutral asylum.3 Territorial asylum is t(e granting o+ asylum 1it(in t(e

(ost state3s territory" e4traterritorial asylum re+ers to a state granting asylum in ,laces outside its

territory but sub*ect to a state3s *urisdiction $suc( as embassies&" and neutral asylum involves aneutral state ,roviding s(elter to t(ose see)ing re+uge +rom t(e calamities o+ 1ar.

References

htt&s'((enwiki&e$iaorg(wiki(Right)of)asylum

htt&'((asherhirschcom(*+1,(+4(*+(the-right-to-seek-asylum-in-customary-international-

law(htt&'((wwwmerriam-westercom($ictionary(asylum

Article: T(e Rig(t to See) Asylum: A D1indling Rig(tE(tt,s:BB111.1cl.american.eduB(rbrie+Bv-i-Basylum.(tm

Fideo: htt&'((wwwhumanrightscom(what-are-human-rights(vi$eos(right-to-asylumhtml

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_asylumhttp://asherhirsch.com/2015/04/20/the-right-to-seek-asylum-in-customary-international-law/http://asherhirsch.com/2015/04/20/the-right-to-seek-asylum-in-customary-international-law/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asylumhttps://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i2/asylum.htmhttp://www.humanrights.com/what-are-human-rights/videos/right-to-asylum.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_asylumhttp://asherhirsch.com/2015/04/20/the-right-to-seek-asylum-in-customary-international-law/http://asherhirsch.com/2015/04/20/the-right-to-seek-asylum-in-customary-international-law/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asylumhttps://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i2/asylum.htmhttp://www.humanrights.com/what-are-human-rights/videos/right-to-asylum.html