Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter

By Trey Benally

Détente

Period of Détente (1969-1979)

Ease of tension between the United States and the

Soviet Union

Discussion on Arms Control, and improvement of

relations

Fears of a Nuclear Conflict slightly lessened as

agreements made their in diverting global

catastrophe

Détente

Was a period of “Peace” between the

U.S and Soviet Union

However, accumulation of Weapons carefully

expanded

Placed regulations increased competition

Formal Agreements

SALT I & II

Different interpretations of Détente

Détente

Richard Nixon became the first United

States President to visit Moscow

Focus on his achievements from his foreign policies

Social Changes were unfavorable

Soviet Union - Stray United States from becoming

to involved with China

Détente

United States and China - Rapprochement to China

Primary reason to improve relations with China was because of the Vietnam War

Lessen future conflicts derived from conflict in VIetnam

Gain advantage over Soviet Union and North Korea

Nixon eased trade and travel restrictions

Nixon was able to secretly establish a channel to China (PRC) through the Pakistani President,

Yahya Khan

PRC favored the channel as Mao Zedong gave interest in being able to hold discussions

regarding trade relations

Détente

Eased trade and travel restrictions

Nixon uplifted the restriction of Americans

visiting mainland China

February 21, 1972, Nixon became the first

United States President to visit mainland

China

China and Taiwan

United States withdrew soldiers from Taiwan

SALT I & II

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

Proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. Full

scale agreement began in November 1969

“Arms Race Reduction”

Negotiations between the Soviet Union and the

United States regarding Nuclear Weaponry

Placed Restrictions on the capability of carrying

Nuclear Weapons

Two Agreements: SALT 1 and SALT 2

SALT I

May 27, 1972, First signed by the United States and the Soviet Union

Treaty on Anti-Ballistic Missile and the Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic

Offensive weapons.

Signed by General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Leonid Brezhnev and by U.S

President Richard Nixon in a meeting at Moscow

Regulations

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty regulated antiballistic missiles (For ICBMs)

1 Anti-Ballistic Missile deployment area and 100 interceptor missiles

SALT I

The regulations prevented either side from defending more than a small fraction of its entire territory

The Interim Agreement froze each side’s number of ICBMs and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) at current levels for five years, pending negotiation of a more detailed SALT II.

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on August 3, 1972

Richard Milhous Nixon

Born: January 9,1913, Yorba Linda, CA

Died: April 22, 1994, Manhattan, New York

City, NY

Republican Party

37th President of the United States (Jan.

20, 1969 - Aug. 9,1974)

First and only United States President to

resign from office

Richard Nixon

Lessened tension with China and

Soviet Union

Withdrawal of United States troops

from the war in Vietnam

Vietnamization

The withdrawing troops would train

South Vietnamese army forces

January 1973, Peace agreement

with North Vietnam

Richard Milhous Nixon’s Re-election

November of 1972

Faced Senator George McGovern

Won with a 23.2% margin of victory in the popular vote

Popular Vote

Richard M. Nixon - 46,740,323

George McGovern - 28,901,598

Electoral Vote

Richard M. Nixon - 520

George McGovern - 17

Nixon won all states except Massachusetts

Watergate Scandal

June 17, 1972 Washington D.C

Five men were arrested at the Water Office Building for reason being a break-in of the

Democratic National Committee

Four of the men had been formerly active in the CIA - 3 were of Cuban heritage

Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP)

Watergate Scandal

The Break-in

The men were equipped with tools for

eavesdropping

Discovered to have been attempting to

wiretap official phones and stealing

documents

Led by James McCord director of CREEP

Frank Willis (security guard)

Watergate Scandal

Richard Nixon

CREEP

G.Gordon Liddy (Counsel to the finance

committee) was fired

Attorney General John Mitchell resigned

Democratic National Committee sued CREEP

for $1 million

Bernard Barker was found to have been using

money from campaign funds raised from

Nixon

Watergate Scandal

Investigations

February 1973, the Senate established a committee

Uncovered secret White House tape recordings

“Hush Money”

Nixon’s plan to use the CIA to hinder the FBI’s investigation

1974, the House of Representatives authorized the Judiciary

Committee to consider impeachment proceedings against

NIxon

Nixon resigned from office on August 9, 1974. He was

replaced by Vice President Gerald Ford

OPCVL

Origin

August 8th, 1974, President Richard Nixon announces his resignation that was nationally televised

Purpose

After faced with the talk of impeachment proceedings from the the House Judiciary, Nixon had drawn up to close his 2nd term of Presidency. To be acquitted for the evidence of being involved with the Watergate Scandal, Nixon found it best for the American people to have a U.S President blameless of illegal espionage.

Value

Nixon’s continuance of Presidency?

Nixon’s reasons for relaying his efforts of denying accusations was for the American people.

Limitation

Gerald Ford

Born July 14, 1913 Omaha, NE

Died December 26, 2006, Rancho Mirage, CA

38th President

First Unelected President

Ford Pardoned Nixon for any criminal charges over his

involvement in the Watergate Scandal

Upon taking office Ford was faced with inflation, a depressed

economy, solving energy shortages and proceeding World

Peace

James Earl “JImmy” Carter Jr.

Born October 1, 1924, Lillian G. Carter Nursing

Center, Plains, GA

Democratic Party

39th United States President

(Jan. 20, 1977 - Jan. 20 1981)

Jimmy Carter

Devote Christian

Became very active at the Plains Baptist Church

Won Georgia State Senate in 1962, and was reelected

in 1964

Quest for Presidency

1970 Governorship

Featured in Time Magazine

Announced for Presidency in 1974

Message: “I’ll never tell a lie.”

Jimmy Carter

Camp David Accords September 17 1978

Agreements between Israel and Egypt

Negotiations at Camp David in Maryland

Peace agreement signed by Egyptian President Anwar

el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem

Begin

Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

“Framework for Peace in the Middle East”

SALT II

June 18,1979, Signed by Jimmy Carter and Leonid

Brezhnev in Vienna

Limit on Launchers - 2400 overall for each side

MIRVed, ICBMs, MIRVed SLBMs, Heavy Bombers and total

number of launchers

Arms Race Fear

United States feared that the Soviets were able to jump ahead

in

Soviets fear of U.S and China relationship

SALT II

“Sell out”

Did very little to control the Arms Race

Carter then had to remove the treaty from senate consideration in Jan 1980 after the Soviet

Union invaded Afghanistan

Later newer negotiation opened in Geneva in 1982 took the name of Strategic

Arms Reduction Talks

Jimmy Carter

1977

Ended 20 years of secret CIA bribes to Jordanian king

lectured Senators on minutiae about Africa

Boycotted 1980 Olympics in response to USSR

Afghan invasion

1980

Broke promise of no more refugees to Fort Chaffee

Sources

"Watergate scandal." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 10 Jan. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Watergate-scandal/76257#302382.toc. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017.

"Camp David Accords." Britannica LaunchPacks, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Jan. 2016. packs.eb.com/social-studies/148243/article/19831. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.

"Détente." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2009. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/d%C3%A9tente/472198. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.

Sources

"Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 Feb. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Strategic-Arms-Limitation-Talks/69899. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.

History.com Staff. "Jimmy Carter." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

"Carter and Brezhnev sign the SALT-II treaty." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

History.com Staff. "Watergate Scandal." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

History.com Staff. "Richard M. Nixon." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. "Nixon re-elected president." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

"Watergate: The Scandal That Brought Down Richard Nixon." Watergateinfo. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Jimmy_Carter_Foreign_Policy.htm