Richard B. Frankel Department of Physics

California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407

Tel.:805-756-2448; Fax:805-756-2435 e-mail: rfrankel@calpoly.edu

Education: University of Missouri, Columbia, B.S. 1961 University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D. 1965 Honors: Phi Beta Kappa NSF Graduate Fellow NATO Postdoctoral Fellow Corresponding Member, Brazilian Academy of Sciences Fellow, American Physical Society Professional Experience: California Polytechnic State University Professor Emeritus 2005- Chair, Department of Physics 2003-2004 Professor of Physics 1988-2004 Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, MIT Leader, Condensed Matter Chemistry Group 1981-1988 Senior Research Scientist 1980-1988 Chairman, Core Steering Committee 1978-1982 Senior Scientist 1972-1980 Staff Scientist 1965-1972 University of Chile, Santiago OAS Visiting Professor 1969 Technische Hochschule, Munich NATO Postdoctoral Fellow 1967-1968 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Research Assistant 1961-1965 Bibliography R.B. Frankel, D.A. Shirley, and N.J. Stone, Angular Distribution of Conversion Electrons from

Oriented Nuclei. Phys. Rev. B 136, 577 (1964). D.A. Shirley, R.B. Frankel, and H.H. Wickman, Resonant Absorption Studies with Eu151. Rev.

Mod. Phys. 36, 392 (1964). R.B. Frankel, D.A. Shirley, and N.J. Stone, Cerium Magnesium Nitrate Temperature Scale from

Nuclear Orientation. Phys. Rev. 140, 1021 (1965). R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum, S. Foner, A.J. Freeman, and M. Schieber, Ferrimagnetic Structure of

Magnetoelectric Ga2-xFexO3 Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 958 (1965).

2

R.B. Frankel, J.J. Huntzicker, E. Matthias, S.S. Rosenblum, D.A. Shirley, and N.J. Stone, Sign change of Induced Hyperfine Fields in the 5p Shell. Phys. Lett. 15, 163 (1965).

R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum, and S. Foner, Ferrimagnetic Structure of Al2-xFexO3 Acta

Crystallogr. 21, A99 (1966). A.J. Freeman, N.A. Blum, S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, and E.J. McNiff, Jr., Ferromagnetic Metals in

High Magnetic Fields. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1338 (1966). H.H. Wickman, I. Nowik, J.H. Wernick, D.A. Shirley, and R.B.Frankel, Hyperfine Fields and

Isomer Shifts in Magnetically Ordered Europium Compounds. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1246 (1966).

S.G. Cohen, N.A. Blum, Y.W. Chow, R.B. Frankel, and L. Grodzins, Isomer Shift Measurement

in W186. Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 322 (1966).

R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum, S. Foner, A.J. Freeman, and M. Schieber, Magnetic Structure of Ga2-xFexO3. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1403 (1966).

J. Chappert, R.B. Frankel, and N.B. Blum, Fe1+ and Fe2+ Hyperfine Fields in MgO and CaO.

Phys. Lett. 25A, 149 (1967). M. Schieber, R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum, and S. Foner, High-Magnetic-Field Studies of

Orthorhombic and Rhombohedral Al2-xFexO3 Compounds. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 1281 (1967).

A.J. Freeman and R.B. Frankel (Editors), Hyperfine Interactions (Academic Press, NY, 1967)

758 pages. R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum, B.B. Schwartz, and D.J. Kim, Mössbauer Evidence for a Spin-

Compensated State in Dilute Fe-Cu Alloys. Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1051 (1967). J. Chappert and R.B. Frankel, Mössbauer Study of Ferrimagnetic Ordering in Nickel Ferrite and

Chromium-Substituted Nickel Ferrite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 570 (1967). D. Yeboah-Amankwah, L. Grodzins, and R.B. Frankel, Observation of Centrifugal Stretching in

Sm152. Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 791 (1967). N.A. Blum and R.B. Frankel, Magnetic-Field Dependence of the Hyperfine Fields at Fe in

Dilute Fe-Pd Alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 959 (1968). B.B. Schwartz, D.J. Kim, R.B. Frankel, N.A. Blum. Mössbauer Effect in 57Fe in Copper and the

Spin-Compensated State. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 698 (1968). N.J. Stone, R.B. Frankel, and D.A. Shirley, Three Quasi-Particle Intruder State in Te125 and the

Magnetic Moment of Sb125. Phys. Rev. 172, 1243 (1968). R.B. Frankel, J.J. Huntzicker, D.A. Shirley, and N.J. Stone:, Magnetic Hyperfine Structure in

125Te. Phys. Lett. 26A, 452-453, (1968)

3

R.B. Frankel, W. Henning, and R.L. Mössbauer, Absence of Induced Magnetic Fields at Gd Nuclei in GdFe2. Phys. Lett. 28A, 557 (1969).

S. Foner, A.J. Freeman, N.A. Blum, R.B. Frankel, E.J. McNiff,Jr., and H.C. Praddaude, High-

Field Studies of Band Ferromagnetism in Fe and Ni by Mössbauer and Magnetic Moment Measurements. Phys. Rev. 181, 863 (1969).

R.B. Frankel, Hyperfine Interaction in Gd in Diamagnetic, Metallic Hosts. Phys. Lett. 30A, 269

(1969). J. Chappert, R.B. Frankel, A. Misetich, and N.A. Blum, Multiple Charge States, Hyperfine

Interactions and Relaxation Processes in Fe in 57Co-Doped MgO. Phys. Rev. 179, 578 (1969).

R.B. Frankel, Y. Chow, L. Grodzins, and J. Wulff, Nuclear Zeeman Effect in W182. Phys. Rev.

186, 381 (1969). R.B. Frankel, A. Misetich, and N.A. Blum, Quadrupole Moment of 57Fem. Phys. Lett. 28B, 406

(1969). R.B. Frankel, D.J. Sellmyer, and N.A. Blum, Are There Magnetic Moments at the Transition

Metal Sites in FeAl, CoAl, and NiAl? Phys. Lett. 33A, 13 1970). R.B. Frankel, Hyperfine Fields. Radioactivity in Nuclear Spectroscopy, edited by H. Fabrycky,

(Gordon and Breach, NY, 1970), Vol. 2, pp. 1145-1146. A.J. Soinski, R.B. Frankel, Q.O. Navarro, and D.A. Shirley, The Nuclear Orientation of 253Es in

Neodymium Ethyl Sulfate. Phys. Rev. C2, 2379 (1970). J. Chappert, A. Misetich, R.B. Frankel, and N.A. Blum, Stress-Induced Angular Momentum

Quenching in MgO:Fe2+ as Observed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B1, 1929 (1970).

E. Ansaldo, L. Grodzins, and R.B. Frankel, Isomeric Shift of the 83 keV Transition in 153Eu.

Lett. Nuovo Cimento 1, 336-338 (1971). B.B. Schwartz and R.B. Frankel, Local Magnetic Moments and the Mössbauer Effect.

Mössbauer Effect Methodology, Vol.7, I. Gruverman, Editor, (Plenum Press, NY, 1971) pp. 21-35.

R.B. Frankel and B.B. Schwartz, Magnets and Magnetism. Compton’s Encyclopedia, 1971. J. Chappert, J.R. Regnard, R.B. Frankel, A. Misetich, and N.A. Blum, Mössbauer Effect in Fe-

Doped KMgF3. J. Phys. (Paris) 32, C1-941 (1971). C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, and A. Misetich, and N.A. Blum, Mössbauer Spectroscopy Study

of the Spin-Flop Transition in Fe-Doped MnF2. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1723 (1971). C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, and A. Misetich, Analysis of Hyperfine Interactions of Fe2+ in

FeF2, MnF2, and ZnF2. Chem. Phys. Lett. 14, 561 (1972).

4

R.B. Frankel, J. Chappert, J.R. Regnard, A. Misetich, and C.R. Abeledo, Electronic Properties of Fe2+ in Cubic KMgF3 from Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B5, 2469 (1972).

R. Lechan, C.R. Abeledo, and R.B. Frankel, Mössbauer Study of an Intramolecular

Antiferromagnet. Proceedings 17th Conf. on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, C.D. Graham, Jr. and J.J. Rhyne, Editors (AIP, NY, 1972) pp.659-662.

C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, M.A. Weber, and A. Misetich, Antiferromagnetic to Paramagnetic

Transition in Fe2+: MnF2 in External Magnetic Fields. Proceedings 18th Conf. on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, (AIP, NY, 1973) pp. 1168-1172.

R.B. Frankel, C.R. Abeledo, and A. Misetich, Far Infrared Absorption of Fe2+ in MgO. Solid

State Commun. 12, 1147 (1973). R.B. Frankel and N.A. Blum, High Magneitc Field Behavior of Iron Impurities in Chromium. J.

Phys. Chem. Solids, 34, 1565 (1973). R. Lechan, C. Nicolini, C.R. Abeledo, and R.B. Frankel, Hyperfine Interactions in the

Intramolecular Antiferromagnet (Fe salen Cl2). J. Chem. Phys. 59, 3138 (1973). W.M. Reiff, R.B. Frankel, and C.R. Abeledo, Orbital Ground State Inversion in [Fe(H2O)6]

(ClO4)2. Chem. Phys. Lett. 22, 124 (1973). R. LaTorre, C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, J.A. Costamagne, W.M. Reiff and E. Frank, Orbital

Ground State Reversal in the High-Spin Complex Fe(11) (N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea)6(ClO4)2. J. Chem. Phys. 59, 2580 (1973).

J.J. Mayerle, R.B. Frankel, R.H. Holm, J.A. Ibers, W.D. Phillips, and J.F. Weiher:Synthetic

Analogs of the Active Sites of Iron-Sulfur Proteins. Structure and Properties of Bis[o-xylyldithiolato-m2-sulfido-ferrate(111)], an Analog of the 2Fe-2S Proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 2429 (1973).

R.B. Frankel, W.M. Reiff, I. Bernal, and M.L. Good, Electronic Structure of Some Cubane-Like

Fe4S4 Clusters. Magnetic Field Mössbauer Results. Inorg. Chem. 13, 493 (1974). R.H. Holm, B.A. Averill, T. Herskovitz, R.B. Frankel, H. Gray, O. Siiman, and F.J. Grunthaner,

Equivalence of Metal Centers in the Iron-Sulfur Protein Active Site Analogs [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 2644 (1974).

W.M. Reiff, B. Dockum, C. Torardi, S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, and M.A. Weber, The

Ferromagnetic Ordering of Ferrous Chloride Polymers of Diimine Ligands. Extended Interactions Between Metal Ions, (Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 1974) pp. 205-220.

R. LaTorre, J.A. Costamagna, E. Frank, C.R. Abeledo, and R.B. Frankel, Kinetics of the

Ground State Transformation in Fe(11)(N,N'-dicyclohexylthioreau)6(ClO4)2. J. Phys. (Paris) 35, C6-635 (1974).

R.B. Frankel, W.M. Reiff, T. Meyers, and J.L. Cramer, Magnetic Field Mössbauer

Spectroscopy of Metal Cluster Systems [(p-C5H5)Fe(CO)]4 and [(p-C5H5)Fe(CO)]4+. Inorg. Chem. 13, 2515 (1974).

5

W.M. Reiff, R.B. Frankel, B.F. Little, and G.J. Long, Mössbauer, Electronic, and Structural

Properties of Bis(pyridine) dithiocyanatoiron(11). A Ferromagnetically Ordered Polymer. Inorg. Chem. 13, 2153 (1974).

R.B. Frankel, B. Averill, and R.H. Holm, Mössbauer Properties of Synthetic Analogs of Active

Sites of the Iron-Sulfur Proteins. J. Phys. (Paris) 35, C6-107 (1974). L. Kandel, M.A. Weber, R.B. Frankel, and C.R. Abeledo, Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Magnetic

Phases in FeCl2.2H2O. Phys. Lett. 46A, 369 (1974). R.B. Frankel, Phase Transitions in Antiferromagnets in External Magnetic Fields: Mössbauer

Spectroscopy. Mössbauer Effect Methodology, Vol.9 (Plenum Press, NY, 1974) pp. 151-180.

L. Kandel, M.A. Weber, R.B. Frankel, and C.R. Abeledo, Phase Transitions in FeCl2.2H2O in

External Magnetic Fields: Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Proceedings 19th Intl. Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (AIP, NY, 1974) p. 380

W.M. Reiff, R.B. Frankel, B.F. Little, and G.J. Long, Sign of Electric Field Gradient Tensor

and the Nature of the Low Temperature Phase Transition in Fe(pyridine)2Cl2. Chem. Phys. Lett. 28, 68 (1974).

R.B. Frankel, T. Herskovitz, B.A. Averill, R.H. Holm, P. Krusic, and W.D. Phillips, Synthetic

Analogs of the Active Sites of Iron-Sulfur Proteins. VIII. Some Electronic Properties of [Fe4S4(SR)4]3- Analogs of Reduced Bacterial Ferredoxins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 58, 974 (1974).

S. Koch, S.C. Tang, R.H. Holm, R.B. Frankel, and J.A. Ibers, Ferric Porphyrin Thiolates.

Possible Relationship to Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes and the Structure of (p-Nitrobenzenethiolate)-Iron(111) Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Ester. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 916 (1975).

S. Koch, S.C. Tang, R.H. Holm, and R.B. Frankel, The [Fe(111)N4SR] Coordination Unit.

Synthesis and Ground State Electronic Properties of Macrocyclic Ferric Thiolates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 914 (1975).

C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, and A. Misetich, Hyperfine Interactions in MgF2:Fe2+ and

ZnF2:Fe2+ by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 31, 108 (1975). S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, E.J. McNiff, Jr., W.M. Reiff, B.F. Little, and G.J. Long, Linear Chain

Compounds: Metamagnetism in Co(pyr)2Cl2, Fe(pyr)2Cl2, Fe(pyr)2(NCS)2 and Ni(pyr)2Cl2. Proceedings 20th Intl. Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, C.D. Graham, G.H. Lander, and J.J. Rhyne, Editors (AIP, NY, 1975) pp. 363-364.

W.M. Reiff, B. Dockum, M.A. Weber, and R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Ordering of

Mono(dimmine)Iron(11)Chlorides. Fe(2,2'-bipy) Cl2 and Fe(5,5'-(CH3)-2,2'-bipy)Cl2. Inorg. Chem. 14, 800 (1975).

6

S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, W.M. Reiff, B.F. Little, and G.J. Long, Metamagnetic Behavior of Linear Chain Pyridine Compounds: Co(pyridine)2Cl2, Fe(pyridine)2Cl2, Fe(pyridine)2(NCS)2, and Ni(pyridine)2Cl2. Solid State Commun. 16, 159 (1975).

S. Koch, R.H. Holm, and R.B. Frankel, Synthesis and Ground State Electronic Properties of

Tetraaze Macrocyclic Iron(11,111) Complexes Containing [14]-, [15]-, and [16]-Membered Rings. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 6714 (1975).

R.W. Lane, J.A. Ibers, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Synthetic Analogs of the Active Sites of

Iron-Sulfur Proteins: Bis(o-xylydithiolate)Ferrate(111) Monoanion, a Structurally Unconstrained Model for the Rubredoxin Fe-S4 Unit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 2868 (1975).

R.B. Frankel and B.B. Schwartz, Applications of Nuclear Methods to Hyperfine Interactions in

Impurities in Metals. Magnetism-Selected Topics, S. Foner, Editor (Gordon and Breach, NY, 1976) Chap. X, pp. 435-473.

S.C. Tang, S. Koch, G.C. Papaefthymiou, S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, J.A. Ibers and R.H. Holm,

Axial Ligation Modes in Iron(111) Porphyrins. Models for the Oxidized Reaction States of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes and the Molecular Structure of Iron(111) Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Ester p-Nitrobenzenethiolate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 2141 (1976).

N.A. Blum and R.B. Frankel, Hyperfine Interactions in Antiferromagnetic EuTe Using the Te-

125 Mössbauer Resonance. Proceedings 21st Intl. Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, J.J. Becker, G.H. Lander, and J.J. Rhyne, Editors (AIP, NY, 1976) pp. 416-417.

S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, W.M. Reiff, H. Wong, and G.J. Long, Metamagnetism in Single Crystal

g-Co(Pyridine)2Cl2. Proceedings 21st Intl. Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, J.J. Becker, G.H. Lander, and J.J. Rhyne, Editors (AIP, NY, 1976) pp. 510-511.

G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, S. Foner, S.C. Tang, S. Koch, and R.H. Holm, Model

Fe(111) Porphyrin Systems: Axial Ligation in Oxidized Cytochrome P-450 . S. J. Phys. (Paris) 69, C6-209 (1976).

R.H. Holm, S.C. Tang, S. Koch, G.C. Papaefthymiou, S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, and J.A. Ibers,

Model System Studies of Axial Ligation in the Oxidized Reaction States of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes. Iron and Copper Proteins, K.T. Yasunobu, H.F. Mower, and O. Hayaishi, Editors (Plenum Press, NY, 1976) pp. 321-333.

K. Raj, V. Niculescu, T.J. Burch, J.I. Budnick, and R.B. Frankel, Mössbauer and NMR Studies

of Site Substitution and Magnetic Structure of Fe1-xMnxSi Alloys. AIP Conf. Proc. 34, 28 (1976).

M.A. Weber, C.R. Abeledo, R.B. Frankel, and B.B. Schwartz, Mössbauer Spectroscopy of PdH

Fe Alloys. AIP Conf. Proc. 34, (1976). W.O. Gillum, R.B. Frankel, S. Foner, and R.H. Holm, Synthetic Analogs of the Active Sites of

Iron-Sulfur Proteins, XIII. Further Electronic and Structural Relationships Between the Analogues [Fe2S2(SR)4]2+ and the Active Sites of Oxidized 2Fe-2S* Proteins. Inorg. Chem. 15, 1095 (1976).

7

R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.W. Lane, and R.H. Holm, Synthetic Analogs of the Active Sites of Oxidized and Reduced Rubredoxin. J. Phys. (Paris) 37, C6-165 (1976).

W.M. Reiff, H. Wong, R.B. Frankel, and S. Foner, High Field Mössbauer Spectroscopy and

Magnetization Studies of Linear-Chain Antiferromagnets. Field-Induced Paramagnetism of Hydrazinium Ferrous Sulfate. Inorg. Chem. 16, 1036 (1977).

C.R. Abeledo and R.B. Frankel, Mössbauer Study of Spin Alignment in Substituted Lithium

Ferrites. J. Phys. (Paris) 38, C1-135 (1977). R.W. Lane, A.G. Wedd, W.O. Gillum, E. Laskowski, R.H. Holm, R.B. Frankel, and G.C.

Papaefthymiou, Synthesis and Electronic Properties of the Tetranuclear Trianions [Fe4S4(SR)4]3-, Analogues of the 4-Fe Active Sites of Reduced Ferredoxins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 2350 (1977).

R.W. Lane, J.A. Ibers, R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.H. Holm, Synthetic Analogues

of the Active Sites of Iron-Sulfur Proteins, 14. Synthesis, Properties, and Structures of Bis-(o-oxylyl a,a'-dithiolato), (11,111) Anions, Analogues of Oxidized and Reduced Rubredoxin Sites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 84 (1977).

H. Wong, D. Sedney, W.M. Reiff, R.B. Frankel, T.J. Meyer, and D. Salmon, Electronic

Structure of Metal Cluster Compounds: A Magnetic Susceptibility and High Field Mössbauer Spectroscopy Study of Cubane-Cluster Systems [(n2-C5H5)FeS]4n+ (n=0,1,2). Inorg. Chem. 17, 194 (1978).

S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, W.M. Reiff, H. Wong, and G.J. Long, Magnetic Properties of Linear-

Chain Systems: Metamagnetism of Single Crystal Co(pyridine)Cl2. J. Chem. Phys. 68, 4781 (1978).

T.E. Wolff, J.M. Berg, C. Warick, K.O. Hodgson, R.H. Holm, and R.B. Frankel, The

Molybdenum-Iron Sulfur Cluster Complex [Mo2Fe6S9(SC2H5)8]3-. A Synthetic Approach to the Molybdenum Site in Nitrogenase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 4360 (1978).

G.C. Papaefthymiou, K.S. Kaufman, R.B. Frankel, and A. Rosenthal, Mössbauer Spectroscopy

of Iron Deposits in Thalassemic Heart Tissue. J. Appl. Phys. 49, 1815 (1978). E.J. Laskowski, R.B. Frankel, W.O. Gillum, G.C. Papaefthymiou, J. Renaud, J.A. Ibers, and

R.H. Holm, Synthetic Analogues of the 4-Fe Active Sites of Reduced Ferredoxins. Electronic Properties of the Tetranuclear Trianion [Fe4S4(SR4]3- and the Structure [(C2H5)3(CH3)N]3 [Fe4S4(SC6H5)4]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 5322 (1978).

E.J. Laskowski, J.G. Reynolds, R.B. Frankel, S. Foner, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.H. Holm,

Demonstration of the Generality of the [Fe4S4(SR)4]2- (Compressed D2d)/[Fe4S4(SR)4]3- (Elongated D2d) Structural Change in Electron-Transfer Reactions of Ferredoxin 4-Fe Site Analogues. A Model for Unconstrained Structural Changes in Ferredoxin Proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 6562 (1979).

R. LaTorre, J. Costmagna, E. Frank, C.R. Abeledo, and R.B. Frankel, Distortion Isomerism of

Ferrous Thiourea Complexes-11(1) Thermodynamics and Kinetics. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 41, 649 (1979).

8

A. Ripamonti, R.B. Frankel, and E. Ettienne, Effect of Magnetic Fields on Drug Induced Contractility and Mortality in Spirostomum. J. Magn. and Magn. Mater. 11, 289 (1979).

T.J. Burch, C.A. Weiler, K. Raj, J. Budnick, V. Niculescu, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.B.

Frankel, Fe Hyperfine Fields in Fe3-xVxSi. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 2079 (1979). R.P. Blakemore, R.B. Frankel, and R.S. Wolfe, Ferromagnetism and Freshwater Bacteria.

Biological Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. (Tech. Inform. Center U.S. DOE, 1979), pp. 440-447.

A. Rudie, A. Davison, and R.B. Frankel, A High Field Mössbauer Study of Iron Sites in Mixed

Valent Biferrocene Monocation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 1629 (1979). R.B. Frankel, R.P. Blakemore, and R.S. Wolfe, Magnetite in Freshwater Magnetic Bacteria.

Science 203, 1355-1357 (1979). T.E. Wolff, J.M. Berg, P.P. Power, K.O. Hodgson, R.H. Holm, and R.B. Frankel, Self-

Assembly of Molybdenum-Iron Sulfur Clusters as a Synthetic Approach to the Molybdenum Site in Nitrogenase. Identification of the Major Products Formed by the System FeCl3/MS42-/C5H5SH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 5454 (1979).

T.E. Wolff, J.M. Berg, K.O. Hodgson, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Synthetic Approaches to

the Molybdenum Site in Nitrogenase. Preparation and Structural Properties of the Molybdenum-Iron Sulfur “Double-Cubane” Complexes [Mo2Fe6S9(SC2H5)8]3-. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 4140 (1979).

C.R. Denham, R.P. Blakemore, and R.B. Frankel, Bulk Magnetic Properties of Magnetotactic

Bacteria. IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-16, 1006 (1980). R.B. Frankel, T.E. Wolff, P.P. Power, and R.H. Holm, Electronic Properties of Molybdenum

Iron-Sulfur Clusters: Approaches to the Molybdenum Site in Nitrogenase. J. Phys. (Paris) 41, C1-495 (1980).

G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, S. Foner, E.J. Laskowski, and R.H. Holm, Magnetic

Properties of [Fe4S4(SR)4]3-. J. Phys. (Paris) 41, C1-493 (1980). K.S. Kaufman, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and A. Rosenthal, Nature of Iron Deposits

on the Cardiac Walls in b-Thalassemia by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 629, 522 (1980).

R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Navigational Compass in Magnetic Bacteria. J. Magn. and

Magn. Mater. 15-18, 1562 (1980). R.H. Herber, F.J. DiSalvo, and R.B. Frankel, Oxidation State, Valency and Electron

Configuration of Tin in a Linear S-Sn-S Array. Inorg. Chem. 19, 3135 (1980). R.P. Blakemore, R.B. Frankel and Ad.J. Kalmijn, South-Seeking Magnetotactic Bacteria in the

Southern Hemisphere. Nature (London) 236, 384 (1980).

9

T.E. Wolff, P.P. Power, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Synthesis and Electronic and Redox Properties of “Double-Cubane” Cluster Complexes Containing MoFe3S4 Cores. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 4694 (1980).

R.B. Frankel, Bacterial Magnetotaxis vs Geotaxis. Trans. Am. Geophys. Soc. (EOS) 62, 850

(1981). A. Ripamonti, E.M. Ettienne, and R.B. Frankel, Effect of Homogeneous Magnetic Fields on

Responses to Toxic Stimulation in Spirostomum ambiguum. Bioelectromagnetics 2, 187 (1981).

P.K. Mascharak, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Evidence for the

Localized Fe(111)/Fe(11) Oxidation State Configuration as an Intrinsic Property of [Fe2S2(SR)4]3- Clusters J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 6110 (1981).

R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Orientation and Navigation by Bacteria. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of

Science and Technology, 1981. R.B. Frankel, R.P. Blakemore, F.F. Torres de Araujo, D.M.S. Esquivel, and J. Danon,

Magnetotactic Bacteria at the Geomagnetic Equator. Science 212, 1269 (1981). S. Ofer, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and H.A. Lowenstam, Mössbauer Spectroscopy of

Iron Containing Dermal Granules from Molpadia Intermedia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 676, 199 (1981).

R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Study of Iron in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Naval Res. Rev. 33,

20 (1981). R.P. Blakemore and R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Navigation in Bacteria. Scientific American 245,

Vol. 6, 58-65 (1981). G.C. Papaefthymiou, E.J. Laskowski, E. Frota-Pessoa, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm,

Antiferromagnetic Exchange Interaction in [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-,3- Clusters. Inorg. Chem. 21, 1723 (1982).

C. Rosenblatt, F.F. Torres de Araujo, and R.B. Frankel, Birefringence Determination of

Magnetic Moments of Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biophys. J. 40, 83 (1982). G. Christou, P.K. Mascharak, W.H. Armstrong, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H.

Holm, Electron Transfer Series of MoFe3S4 Double-Cubane Clusters: Electronic Properties of Components and the Structure of [(C2H5)4N]5[Mo2Fe6S8(SC6H5)9]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 2828 (1982).

J.J. Burch, C.A. Weiler, K. Raj, J.I. Budnick, Y. Niculescu, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.B.

Frankel, Fe Hyperfine Fields in Fe3-xVxSi. J. Magn. and Magn. Mater. 27, 55 (1982). D.A. Kuterbach, B. Walcott, R.J. Reeder, and R.B. Frankel, Iron Containing Cells in the Honey

Bee (Apis mellifera). Science 218, 695 (1982). C. Rosenblatt, F.F. Torres de Araujo, and R.B. Frankel, Light Scattering Determination of

Magnetic Moments of Magnetotactic Bacteria. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 2727 (1982).

10

R.B. Frankel, Magnetotactic Bacteria. Comments Mol. Cell. Biophys. 1, 293 (1982). D.W. Stephan, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Analogues of the [4Fe-4S]1+

Sites of Reduced Ferredoxins: Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of [(C2H5)4N]3[Fe4S4-(S-p-C6H4Br)4 in Crystalline and Solution Phases. Inorg. Chem. 22, 1550 (1983).

R.E. Johnson, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Effects of Secondary

Bonding Interactions on the [Fe4S4]2+ Core of Cubane-Type Clusters with One Five-Coordinate Iron Atom. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 7280 (1983).

R.B. Frankel, G.G. Papaefthymiou, R.P. Blakemore, and W. O’Brien, Fe3O4 Precipitation in

Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 763, 147 (1983). P.K. Mascharak, G.C. Papaefthymiou, W.H. Armstrong, S. Foner, R.B. Frankel, and R.H.

Holm, Electronic Properties of Single- and Double-MoFe3S4 Cubane-Type Clusters. Inorg. Chem. 22, 2851 (1983).

E.K. Sichel, M.F. Rubner, J. Georger, Jr., G.C. Papaefthymiou, S. Ofer, and R.B. Frankel,

Magnetic Phase Transition, Aggregate Formation, and Electrical Conductivity in FeCl3-Doped Polyacetylene. Phys. Rev. B 28, 6589 (1983).

W.H. Armstrong, A. Spool, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and S.J. Lippard, Assembly and

Characterization of an Accurate Model for the Diiron Center in Hemerythrin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 3653 (1984).

R.B. Frankel and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Biomineralization of Fe3O4 in Bacteria. Chemical

Mössbauer Spectroscopy, R.H. Herber, Editor (Plenum Press, NY, 1984), pp. 113-132. J.J. Girerd, G.C. Papaefthymiou, A.D. Watson, E. Gamp, K.S. Hagen, N. Edelstein, R.B.

Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Electronic Properties of the Linear Antiferromagnet [Fe3S4(SR)4]3-. A Structural Isomer of the [Fe3S4]1+ Unit in Iron-Sulfur Proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 5941 (1984).

R.B. Frankel. Magnetic Guidance of Organisms. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioengr. 13, 85-103

(1984). S. Ofer, I. Nowik, E.R. Bauminger, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore,

Magnetosome Dynamics in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biophys. J. 46, 57-64 (1984). R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Precipitation of Fe3O4 in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Trans.

Roy. Soc. Lond. B304, 567 (1984). M.M. Mortland, J.G. Lawless, H. Hartman, and R.B. Frankel, Smectite Interactions with

Flavomononucleotide. Clays and Clay Minerals 12, 279 (1984). S. Mann, R.B. Frankel, and R.P. Blakemore, Structure, Morphology, and Crystal Growth of

Bacterial Magnetite. Nature 310, 405-407 (1984).

11

C. Rosenblatt, R.B. Frankel, and R.P. Blakemore, A Birefringence Relaxation Determination of Rotational Diffusion of Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biophys. J. 47, 323 (1985).

J.P. Blaha, E. Bursten, J.C. Dewan, R.B. Frankel, C. Randolph, B.A. Wilson, and M.S.

Wrighton, Dinuclear, 18-Electron Species Having a Triplet Ground State: Isolation, Characterization, and Crystal Structure of (e5-C5,Me5)2Fe2(m-CO). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 4561 (1985).

R.P. Blakemore, R.A. Short, C. Bazylinski, C. Rosenblatt, and R.B. Frankel, Microaerobic

Conditions are Required for Magnetite Formation Within Aquaspirillum Magnetotacticum. Geomicrobiology J. 4, 53-71 (1985).

R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.P. Blakemore, Mössbauer Spectroscipy of Iron

Biomineralization Products in Magnetotactic Bacteria. in Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms. J.L. Kirschvink, D.S. Jones, and B.J. MacFadden, Editors (Plenum, NY, 1985), pp. 269-287.

G.D. Watt, R.B. Frankel, and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Reduction of Mammalian Ferritin. Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3640 (1985). T. Story, R.R. Galazka, R.B. Frankel, and P.A. Wolf, Carrier Concentration Induced

Ferromagnetism in PbSnMnTe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 777 (1986). M.J. Carney, R.H. Holm, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.B. Frankel, Demonstration of Alternative

Spin States in Clusters Containing the Biologically Relevant [Fe4S4]1+ Core. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 3519 (1986).

R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Skeletons in Davy Jones’ Locker. Nature 320, 575 (1986). R.B. Frankel, Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields. Handbook of Biological Effects of

Electromagnetic Fields. Edited by C. Polk and E. Postow (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986) pp. 169-196.

F.F. Torres de Araujo, M.A. Pires, R.B. Frankel, and C.E.M. Bicudo, Magnetite and

Magnetotaxis in Algae. Biophys. J. 50, 375-378 (1986). G.D. Watt, R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou, K. Spartalian, and E.I. Stiefel, Redox Properties

and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Azotobacter vinelandii Bacterioferritin. Biochemistry 25, 4330-4336 (1986).

R.B. Frankel, Magnetite and Magnetotaxis in Bacteria and Algae. Biophysical Effects of Steady

Magnetic Fields, edited by G. Maret (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986) pp. 173-179. R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou and G.D. Watt, Binding of Fe2+ by Mammalian Ferritin.

Hyperfine Interactions 33, 233-240 (1987). R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papefthymiou, and G.D. Watt, Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Reduced Ferritin.

Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Inorganic Chemistry,Vol. II, G.L. Long, Editor (Plenum Press, New York, 1987) pp. 273-287.

12

M.J. Carney, J.A. Kovacs, Y.-P. Zhang, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H., Holm, Comparative Electronic Properties of Vanadium-Iron-Sulfur and Molybdenum-Iron-Sulfur Clusters Containing Isoelectronic Cubane-Type [VFe3S4]2+ and [MoFe3S4]3+ Cores. Inorganic Chemistry 26, 719-724 (1987).

S.M. Gorun, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and S.J. Lippard, Synthesis, Structure and

Magnetic Properties of Mononuclear and Asymmetric, Oxo-Bridged Trinuclear Iron (III) Complexes of a New Polyimidazole Ligand. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 4244-4255 (1987).

S.M. Gorun, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and S.J. Lippard, Synthesis, Structure and

Properties of an Undecairon (III) Oxo-Hydroxo Aggregate: an Approach to the Polyiron Core in Ferritin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3337-3348 (1987).

C.Y. Huang, L.J. Dries, P.H. Hor, R.L. Menge, C.W. Chu, and R.B. Frankel, Observation of

Possible Superconductivity at 230 K. Nature 328, 403-404 (1987). J.R. Hartman, R.L. Rardin, P. Chaudhuri, K. Pohl, K. Wieghardt, B. Nuber, J. Weiss, G.C.

Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and S.J. Lippard, Synthesis and Characterization of m-Hydroxobis(m-acetato)diiron(II) an m-Oxobis(m-acetato)diiron(III) 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane Complexes as Models for Binuclear Iron Centers in Biology; Properties of the Mixed Valence Diiron (II,III) Species. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 7387-7396 (1987).

M. Eibschutz, M.E. Lines, H.S. Chen, J.V. Waszczak, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.B. Frankel,

Observation of Substitutional Site Preferences in a Quasicrystal and Implication on Local Structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2443-2446 (1987).

R.B. Frankel, Anaerobes Pumping Iron. Nature 330, 208 (1987). M.J. Carney, G.C. Papaefthymiou, M.A. Whitener, K. Spartalian, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Alternative Spin States in Synthetic Analogues of

Biological Clusters: Spin Quartet Ground States and the Structures of [Fe4S4(SPh)4]3- and [Fe4Se4(SPh)4]3- as Their Tetraethylammonium Salts. Inorg. Chem. 27, 346-352 (1988).

S. Saini, R.B. Frankel, D.D. Stark, and J.T. Ferrucci, Magnetism: A Primer and Review. Amer.

J. Roentgenology 150, 735-743 (1988). J.K. Furdyna, N. Samarth, R.B. Frankel, and J. Spalek, Static Magnetic Susceptability of Zn1-

xMnxSe. Phys. Rev. B37, 3707-3709 (1988). S. Lee, K. Nakanishi, M.Y. Chiang, R.B. Frankel, and K. Spartalian, Structure and NMR

Spectrum of V(III) Complex Reduced by Pyrogallol. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 785-786 (1988).

S. Lee, K. Nakanishi, K. Kustin, W.E. Robinson, R.B. Frankel, and K. Spartalian, Magnetic

Properties of Tunicate Blood Cells. I. Ascidia nigra. J. Inorg. Biochem. 33, 183-192 (1988).

R.P. Blakemore, N.A. Blakemore, and R.B. Frankel, Bacterial Biomagnetism and Geomagnetic

Field Detection by Organisms. Modern Bioelectrcity, edited by A.A. Marino, (Dekker, NY, 1988), pp. 19-29.

13

G.D. Watt, D. Jacobs and R.B.Frankel, The Redox Reactivity of Bacterial and Mammalian

Ferritin: Is Reductant Entry into the Ferritin Interior a Necessary Step for Iron Release? Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 85, 7457-7462 (1988)

B.M. Moskowitz, R.B. Frankel, P. Flanders, R.P. Blakemore and B.B. Schwartz, Magnetic

Properties of Magnetotactic Bacteria. J. Magn. and Magn. Mater. 73, 273-288 (1988). R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Magnetite and Magnetotaxis in Microorganisms.

Biotechnological Applications of Lipid Microstructures, Editors: B. Gaber, J. Schnur and D Chapman. (Plenum Press, New York, 1988) pp.321-330

M.J. Carney, G.C. Papaefthymiou, K. Spartalian, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Ground State

Variability in [Fe4S4(SR)4]3-, Synthetic Analogues of the Reduced Clusters in Ferredoxins and Other Iron-Sulfur Proteins: Cases of Extreme Sensitivity of Electronic State and Structure to Extrinsic Factors. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 110, 6084-6095 (1988).

P.H. Hor, R.L. Meng, C.W. Chu, C.Y. Huang, and R.B. Frankel, Anomalous Magnetic

Properties of Some High-Temperature Magnetic Superconductors. Appl. Phys. Commun. 8 117-126 (1988).

D.A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, and H.W. Jannasch, Anaerobic Magnetite Production by a

Marine, Magnetotactic Bacterium. Nature 334, 518-519 (1988). S. Mann and R.B. Frankel, Magnetite Biomineralization in Unicellular Organisms.

Biomineralization: Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, Editors: S. Mann, J. Webb and R.J.P. Williams. (CVH Press, Mannheim, FRG, 1989) pp.389-426.

D. Guell, H. Brenner, R.B. Frankel, and H. Hartman, Hydrodynamic Forces and Band

Formation in Swimming Magnetotactic Bacteria. J. Theor. Biol. 135, 525-542 (1989). R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Magnetite and Magnetotaxis in Bacteria.

Bioelectromagnetics 10, 223-237 (1989). D.L. Jacobs, G.D. Watt, R.B. Frankel and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Redox Reactions Associated

with Iron Release from Mammalian Ferritin. Biochemistry 28, 1650-1655 (1989). J.S. Rohrer, R.B. Frankel, and G.C. Papaefthymiou and E.C. Theil, Protein Coats of Ferritin

Sequester Large Amounts of Ferrous Iron. Inorganic Chem. 28, 3393-3395 (1989). M.J. Carney, G.C. Papaefthymiou, R.B. Frankel, and R.H. Holm, Alternative Spin States in

Synthetic Analogues of Biological [4Fe-4S]1+ Clusters: Further Cases of "Spin-Admixed" Ground States and the Structure of (Et4N)3 [Fe4(S-o-C6H4S t Bu)4], Containing a Reduced Cluster with a Compressed Tetragonal Distortion. Inorganic Chem. 28, 1497-1503 (1989).

R.P. Blakemore and R.B. Frankel, Biomineralization by Magnetogenic Bacteria. Metal-Microbe

Interactions, Edited by R.K.Poole and G.M.Gadd (IRL Press, Oxford, UK, 1989) pp.85-98.

14

S. Mann, N.H.C. Sparks, S.B. Couling, M.C. Larcombe, and R.B. Frankel, Crystochemical Characterization of Magnetic Spinels Prepared from Aqueous Solution. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday. Trans. 85, 3033-3044 (1989).

D.L. Jacobs, G.D. Watt, R.B. Frankel, and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Fe2+ Binding to Apo and Holo

Mammalian Ferritin. Biochemistry 28, 9216-9221 (1989). B.M. Moskowitz, R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, and D.R. Lovley, Comparison of Magnetic

Properties of Magnetite Produced by Anaerobic Magnetotactic and Dissimilatory Iron Reducing Bacteria. Geophys. Res. Letters 16, 665-668 (1989).

N.H.C. Sparks, S. Mann, D. Bazylinski, D.R. Lovley, H.W. Jannasch and R.B. Frankel,

Structure and Morphology of Magnetite Anaerobically-Produced by a Marine Magnetotactic Bacterium and a Dissimilatory Iron-reducing Bacterium. Earth & Planet. Sci. Lett. 98, 14-22 (1990).

F.F. Torres de Araujo, N.A. Germano, L.L. Goncalves, M.A. Pires and R.B. Frankel, Magnetic

Polarity Fractions in Magnetotactic Bacterial Populations Near the Geomagnetic Equator. Biophys. J. 58, 549 (1990).

S. Mann, N.H.C. Sparks, R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski and H.W. Jannasch, Biomineralization

of Ferrimagnetic Greigite (Fe3S4) and Iron Pyrite (FeS2) in a Magnetotactic Bacterium. Nature 343, 258-261 (1990).

F.G. Rodgers, R.P. Blakemore, N. Blakemore, R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, D. Maratea, C.

Rodgers, Intercellular Connections in a Many-Celled Magnetotactic Prokaryote. Arch. Microbiol. 154, 18-22 (1990).

R.B. Frankel, G.D. Watt, and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Fe2+ Binding to

Apo and Holo Mammalian Ferritin. In: Applications of the Mossbauer Effect, edited by E. Baggio-Saitovitch, E. Galvao da Silva, and R.R. Rechenberg (World Scientific Press, Singapore, 1990) pp. 160-184.

F.F.T. de Araujo, M.A.B. de Araujo, R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou and V.W. Vieira, Iron

Compounds in Brazilian Pre-Columbian Pigments Identified by Fe-57 Mossbauer Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction. In: Applications of the Mossbauer Effect, edited by E. Baggio-Saitovitch, E. Galvao da Silva, and H.R. Rechenberg (World Scientific Press, Singapore, 1990).

B.R. Heywood, D.A. Bazylinski, A.J. Garratt-Reed, S. Mann, and R.B. Frankel, Controlled

Biosynthesis of Greigite in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Naturwissenschaften 77, 536-538 (1990).

R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore, Editors: Iron Biominerals, Plenum Press, New York, 1991,

435 pages. R. B. Frankel, Iron Biominerals: An Overview. In: Iron Biominerals, edited by R.B. Frankel and

R.P. Blakemore (Plenum Press, N.Y., 1991) pp.1-6. D.A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, A. Garratt-Reed, and S. Mann, Biomineralization of Iron

Sulfides in Magnetotactic Bacteria from Sulfidic Environments. In: Iron Biominerals, edited by R.B.Frankel and R.P. Blakemore (Plenum Press, N.Y., 1991) pp.239-255.

15

G. D. Watt and R.B. Frankel, Redox Capacity of Mammalian Ferritin. In: Iron Biominerals,

edited by R.B. Frankel and R.P. Blakemore (Plenum Press, NY, 1991) pp. 307-313. B.S. Snyder, M.S. Reynolds, R.H. Holm, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and R.B. Frankel, Electronic

Properties of Monocapped Prismane and Basket Iron-Sulfur Clusters. Polyhedron 10, 203-213 (1991).

M. Alpert, P. Calvert, R.B. Frankel, P. Rieke, and D.A. Tirrell, Editors, Materials Synthesis

Based on Biological Processes, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991) 285 pages.

R.B. Frankel, Inorganic Particles Produced by Microorganisms. In: Materials Syntheses Based

on Biological Processes, Vol. 218, edited by M. Alpert et al. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991) pp.77-79.

B.R. Heywood, S. Mann, and R.B. Frankel, Structure, Morphology and Growth of Biogenic

Greigite (Fe3S4). In: Materials Syntheses Based on Biological Processes, Vol. 218, edited by M. Alpert et al. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991) pp.93-108.

R.B. Frankel, G.C. Papaefthymiou, and G.D. Watt, Variation of Superparamagnetic Properties

with Iron Loading in Mammalian Ferritin. Hyperfine Interactions 66, 71-82 (1991). N.A. Blum and R.B. Frankel, The Three-line Magnetic Hyperfine Spectrum of Fe57. Hyperfine

Interactions 72, 45-48 (1992). G.D. Watt, R.B. Frankel, D.L. Jacobs, H. Huang and G.C. Papaefthymiou, Fe2+ and Phosphate

Interactions in Bacterial Ferritin from Azotobacter vinelandii. Biochemistry 31, 5672-5679 (1992).

R.K. Watt, R.B. Frankel, and G.D. Watt, Redox Reactions of Apo Mammalian Ferritin.

Biochemistry 31, 9673-9679 (1992). D.P.E. Dickson and R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Fine Particles in Biological Systems. In: Studies of

Magnetic Properties of Fine Particles and Their Relevance to Materials Science, edited by J.L. Dormann and D. Fiorani, (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992) pp. 393-402.

B.B. Schwartz and R.B. Frankel, Magnets and Magnetism. World Book Publishing Company,

Chicago, Il, 1992. R.B. Frankel, Unusual Magnetotactic Bacteria in Morro Bay. Proc. Conf.on the State of Morro

Bay, 1992, pp.(5)2.5-(5)2.14. E.F. DeLong, R.B. Frankel, and D.A. Bazylinski, Multiple Evolutionary Origins of

Magnetotaxis in Bacteria. Science 259, 803-806 (1993). D.A. Bazylinski and R.B. Frankel, Production of Iron Sulfide Minerals by Magnetotactic

Bacteria in Sulfidic Environments. In: Biological and Mineralogical Processes of Fe and Mn Precipitation in Contemporary Environments, edited by R. Fitzpatrick and H.C.W. Skinner (Catena Press, 1993) p.147-159.

16

H. Huang, R.K. Watt, R.B. Frankel, and G.D. Watt, The Role of Phosphate in Fe2+ Binding to Holo Mammalian Ferrtin. Biochemistry 32, 1681-1687 (1993).

F.C. Meldrum, S. Mann, B.R. Heywood, R.B. Frankel, and D.A. Bazylinski, Electron

Microscope Study of Magnetosomes in a Cultured Coccoid Magnetotactic Bacterium. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 251, 231-236 (1993).

F.C. Meldrum, S. Mann, B.R. Heywood, R.B. Frankel, and D.A. Bazylinski, Electron

Microscope Study of Magnetosomes in Two Cultured Vibrioid Magnetotactic Bacteria. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 251, 237-242 (1993).

D.A. Bazylinski, A.J. Garratt-Reed, A. Abedi and R.B. Frankel, Copper Association with Iron-

Sulfide Magnetosomes in a Magnetotactic Bacterium. Arch. Microbiol., 160, 35-42 (1993). H.A. Maia, F.F.T. De Araujo, M.A.B. De Araujo, J. Danon, and R.B. Frankel, Cation

Distribution in Natural Ferrites. Hyperfine Interactions 77, 43-50 (1993). D.A. Bazylinski, B.R. Heywood, S. Mann and R.B. Frankel, Fe3O4 and Fe3S4 in a Bacterium.

Nature 366, 218 (1993). B.M. Moskowitz, R.B. Frankel, and D.A. Bazylinski, Rock Magnetic Criteria for the Detection

of Biogenic Magnetite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120, 283-300 (1993). D.A. Bazylinski, A.J. Garratt-Reed, and R.B. Frankel, Electron Microscope Studies of

Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Microsc. Res. Tech. 27, 389-401 (1994). M-E.Y. Mohie-Eldin, R.B. Frankel, and L. Gunther, Comparison of Magnetic Properties of

Polysaccharide Iron Complex (P.I.C.) and Ferritin. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 135, 65-81 (1994).

J.W.M. Bulte, T. Douglas, S. Mann, R.B. Frankel, B.M. Moskowitz, R.A. Brooks, C.D.

Baumgartner, J. Vymazal, and J.A. Frank, Magnetoferritin: Biomineralization as a Novel Molecular Approach in the Design of Iron Oxide Based MR Contrast Agents. Invest. Radiol. 29, S214-S216 (1994).

J.W.M. Bulte, T. Douglas, S. Mann, R.B. Frankel, B.M. Moskowitz, R.A. Brooks, C.D.

Baumgartner, J. Vymazal, M.P. Strub, and J.A. Frank, Magnetoferritin: Characterization of a Novel Superparamagnetic MR Contrast Agent. J. Mag. Reson. Imaging 4, 497-505 (1994).

H.S. Mountford, D. Brent MacQueen, A. Li, J.W. Otvos, M. Calvin, R.B. Frankel, and L.O.

Spreer, Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of a Bis-Macrocyclic Diiron Compound. Inorganic Chemistry 33, 1748-1752 (1994).

L.O. Spreer, A. Li, D.B. MacQueen, C.B. Allan, J.W. Otvos, M. Calvin, R.B. Frankel, and G.C.

Papaefthymiou, Characterization of a Delocalized Mixed Valence Bis-Macrocyclic Diiron Compound. Inorg. Chem. 33, 1753-1755 (1994).

R.B. Frankel and S. Mann, Biomineralization. In: Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.1,

edited by R.B. King (Wiley, Chichester, 1994) pp. 269-279.

17

S. Hilty, B. Webb, R.B. Frankel, and G.D. Watt, Iron Core Formation in Horse Spleen Ferritin: Magnetic Susceptibility, pH and Compostitional Studies. J. Inorg. Biochem. 56, 173-185 (1994).

Q.A. Pankhurst, S. Betteridge, D.P.E. Dickson, T. Douglas, S. Mann, and R.B. Frankel,

Mossbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Magnetoferritin. Hyperfine Interactions 90, 847-851 (1994).

R.B. Frankel and D.A. Bazylinski, Magnetotaxis and Magnetic Particles in Bacteria.

Hyperfine Interactions 90, 135-142 (1994). R.B. Frankel and D.A. Bazylinski, Structure and Function of Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic

Bacteria. In: Design and Processing of Materials by Biomimetics, edited by M. Sarikaya and I. Aksay. (AIP Press, New York, 1995) pp. 199-216.

R.B. Proksch, B.M. Moskowitz, E.D. Dahlberg, T. Schaeffer, D.A. Bazylinski, and R.B.

Frankel, Magnetic Force Microscopy of the Submicron Magnetic Assembly in a Magnetotactic Bacterium. Applied Phys. Lett. 66, 2582-2584 (1995).

E.D. Dahlberg, R.B. Proksch, B.M. Moskowitz, D.A. Bazylinski, and R.B. Frankel, Microbes,

Magnetism and Microscopy. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144, 1459-1461 (1995). T. Douglas, J.W.M. Bulte, Q.A. Pankhurst, D.P.E. Dickson, R.B. Frankel, and S. Mann,

Inorganic-protein Interactions in the Synthesis of a Ferrimagnetic Nanocomposite, in: Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites, edited by J.E. Mark, C.C-Y Lee, and P.A. Banconi, (American Chemical Society Symposium Series No.585, Washington, DC, 1995) pp. 19-28.

D.A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, B.R. Heywood, S. Mann, J.W. King, P.L. Donaghay, and A.K.

Hanson, Controlled Biomineralization of Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Greigite (Fe3S4) in a Magnetotactic Bacterium. Applied Environ. Microbiol. 61, 3232-3239 (1995).

M-E.Y. Mohie-Eldin, R.B. Frankel, L. Gunther and G.C. Papaefthymiou, The Anomalous

Mossbauer Fraction of Ferritin and Polysaccharide Iron Complex (P.I.C.). Hyperfine Interactions 96, 111-138 (1995).

I. Penninga, H. de Waard, B. Moskowitz, D.A. Bazylinski, and R.B. Frankel, Remanence

Measurements on Individual Magnetotactic Bacteria Using Pulsed Magnetic Fields. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 149, 279-286 (1995).

R.B. Frankel and R.P. Liburdy, Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields. In: Handbook of

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 2nd Edition, edited by C. Polk and E. Postow (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996) pp. 149-183.

K. Kustin, W.E. Robinson, R.B. Frankel and K. Spartalian, Magnetic Properties of Tunicate

Blood Cells. II. Acidia Ceretodes. J. Inorg. Biochem. 63, 223-230 (1996). B.M. Moskowitz, R.B. Frankel, S.A. Walton, D.P.E. Dickson, K.K.W. Wong, T. Douglas, and

S. Mann, Determination of the Pre-exponential Frequency Factor for Superparamagnetic Maghemite in Magnetoferritin. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 22671-22680 (1997).

18

R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, M. Johnson and B.L. Taylor, Magneto-aerotaxis in Marine, Coccoid, Bacteria. Biophysics Journal 73, 994-1000 (1997).

R.B. Frankel, Why are Magnetotactic Bacteria at the Geomagnetic Equator? In: Essays on

Interdisciplinary Topics in Natural Sciences, edited by R. Scorzelli, I. Souza Azevedo and E. Baggio-Saitovich, (Editions Frontieres, Paris, 1997) pp. 13-18.

D.B. McQueen, C. Lange, M. Calvin, J.W. Otvos, L.O. Spreer, C.B. Allan, A. Ganse, and R.B.

Frankel, Reaction of Dioxygen with a Cross-Conjugated Carbon-Carbon Double Bond in a bis-Macrocyclic Diiron Compound. Inorg. Chim. Acta 263, 125-131 (1997).

R.B. Frankel, Remembering and Celebrating Jacques Abulafia Danon, in: Proceedings of the

ICAME ‘97 Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hyperfine Interactions (C) 3, Preface (1998).

D.P.E. Dickson, S.A. Walton, B.M. Moskowitz, R.B. Frankel, K.K.W. Wong,T.Douglas, S.

Mann, Superparamagnetic Maghemite in Magnetoferritin: Determination of the Pre-Exponential Frequency Factor. Hyperfine Interactions (C) 3, 165-168 (1998).

M. Posfai, P.R. Buseck, D.A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, Reaction Sequence of Iron Sulfide

Minerals in Bacteria and Their Use as Biomarkers, Science 280, 880-883 (1998). M. Posfai, P.R. Buseck, D. A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, Iron Sulfides from Magnetotactic

Bacteria: Structure, Composition, and Phase Transitions. American Mineralogist 83, 1469-1482 (1998).

B. Devouard, M. Posfai, X. Hua, D.A. Bazylinski, R.B. Frankel, P.R. Buseck:Magnetite from

Magnetotactic Bacteria: Size Distributions and Twinning. American Mineralogist 83, 1387-1399 (1998).

R.B. Frankel, J-P. Zhang, D.A. Bazylinski, Single Magnetic Domains in Magnetotactic

Bacteria. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth) 103, 30601-30604 (1998). R.E. Dunin-Borkowski, M.R. McCartney, R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, M. Posfai, P.R.

Buseck, Magnetic Microstructure of Magnetotactic Bacteria by Electron Holography. Science 282, 1868-1870 (1998).

R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, D. Schueler, Biomineralization of Magnetic Iron Minerals in

Bacteria. Supramolecular Science 5, 383-390 (1998). J.L. Johnson, D. C. Norcross, P. Arosio, R.B. Frankel, G.D. Watt, Redox Reactivity of Animal

Apoferritins and Apoheteropolymers Assembled from Recombinant Heavy and Light Human Chain Ferritins. Biochemistry 38, 4089-4096 (1999).

J.L. Johnson, M. Cannon, R.K. Watt, R.B. Frankel, G.D. Watt, Forming the Phosphate Layer in

reconstituted Horse Spleen Ferritin and the Role of Phosphate in Promoting Core Surface Reactions. Biochemistry 38, 6706-6713 (1999).

D. Schueler, R.B. Frankel, Bacterial Magnetosomes: Microbiology, Biomineralization and

Biotechnological Applications. Applied Microbiol. and Biotechnol. 52, 464-473, (1999).

19

D. A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, Biologically-Controlled Mineralization of Magnetic Iron Minerals by Magnetotactic Bacteria. In: Environmental Microbe-Mineral Interactions, edited by D. R. Lovley (ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2000) pp. 109-144.

D. A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, Magnetic Iron-Oxide and Iron-Sulfide Minerals within

Microorganisms. In: Biomineralisation of Nano- and Micro-Structures, edited by E. Baeuerlein, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2000, pp. 25-46.

R.B. Frankel, P.R. Buseck, Magnetite Biomineralization and Ancient Life on Mars. Current Opinion in

Chemical Biology 4, 171-176 (2000). D.A. Bazylinski, D.R. Schlezinger, B.H. Howes, R. B. Frankel, Occurrence and Distribution of Diverse

Populations of Magnetic Protists in a Chemically-Stratified Coastal Salt Pond. Chemical Geology 169, 319-328 (2000).

H. de Waard, J. Hilsinger, R.B. Frankel, Instrument for the Measurement of Hysteresis Loops of

Magnetotactic Bacteria and Other Systems Containing Submicron Magnetic Particles. Review of Scientific Instruments 72, 2724-2730 (2001).

R.E. Dunin-Borkowski, M.R. McCartney, M. Posfai, R.B. Frankel, D.A. Bazylinski, P.R. Buseck, Off

Axis Electron Holography of Magnetotactic Bacteria: Magnetic Microstructure of Strains MV-1 and MS-1. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 671-684 (2001)

M.R. McCartney, U. Lins, M. Farina, P.R. Buseck, R.B. Frankel, Magnetic Microstructure of Bacterial

Magnetite by Electron Holography. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 685-689 (2001). M Posfai, K. Cziner, E. Marton, P. Marton, R.B. Frankel, P.R. Buseck, D.A. Bazylinski, Crystal Size

Distributions and Possible Biogenic Origin of Fe Sulfides. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 691-703 (2001)

R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, Microbial Magnetotaxis. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Macmillan,

London, UK, 2001. http://www.els.com/ P. R. Buseck, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, B. Devouard, R. B. Frankel, M. R. McCartney, M. Posfai,

M. Weyland. Magnetite Morphology and Life on Mars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 98, 13490-13495 (2001).

R. B. Frankel, B. M. Moskowitz, Biogenic Magnets. In: Magnetism: Molecules to Materials IV.

Edited by J. S. Miller and M. Drillon, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2003, pp. 205-231. C. P. McKay, E. I. Friedmann, R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, Magnetotactic bacteria on Earth

and Mars. Astrobiology 3, 263-270 (2003) R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria. Reviews of

Mineralogy and Geochemistry 54, 95-114 (2003). D A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, Biologically Controlled Mineralization in Prokaryotes. Reviews of

Mineralogy and Geochemistry 54, 217-247 (2003). R. B. Frankel, Biological permanent magnets. Hyperfine Interactions 151, 145-153 (2003).

20

D. A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, Magnetosome Formation in Prokaryotes. Nature Reviews in Microbiology, 2, 217-230 (2004).

R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, Magnetosomes: nanoscale magnetic iron minerals in bacteria. in:

NanoBiotechnology, Edited by C. M. Niemeyer and C. Mirkin, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004, pp. 136-145.

R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, Magnetosome Mysteries. ASM News 70, 176-183 (2004). D. A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, Magnetic iron oxide and iron sulfide minerals within

microorganisms: potential biomarkers. In: Biomineralization, 2nd Ed., edited by E. Baeuerlein, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2004, pp. 17-43.

S. L. Simmons, S. M. Sievert, R. B. Frankel, D. A. Bazylinski, K. J. Edwards, Spatio-temporal

distribution of marine magnetotactic bacteria in a seasonally stratified coastal pond. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70, 6230-6239 (2004).

U. Lins, M. R. McCartney, M. Farina, P. R. Buseck, R. B. Frankel, Crystal habits and magnetic

microstructures of magnetosomes in coccoid magnetotactic bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 4902-4905 (2005).

B. Arato, Z. Szanyi, C. Flies, D. Schuler, R. B. Frankel, P. R. Buseck, M. Posfai, Crystal size and

shape distributions of magnetite from uncultured, magnetotactic, bacteria, and magnetite as a potential biomarker. American Mineralogist, 90, 1233-1241 (2005).

R. B. Frankel and D. A. Bazylinski, How magnetotactic bacteria make magnetosomes queue up.

Trends in Microbiology 14, 329-331 (2006). U. Lins, M. R. McCartney, M. Farina, P. R. Buseck and R. B. Frankel, Idealized Habits of

Magnetosomes in Bacteria from Itaipu, Brazil. In: Biomineralization: From Paleontology to Materials Science, Edited by J.L.Arias and M.S. Fernandez, Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 2006.

T. Kasama, M. Pósfai, R. K. K. Chong, A. P. Finlayson, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, R. B. Frankel,

Magnetic microstructure of iron sulfide crystals in magnetotactic bacteria from off-axis electron holography. Physica B 384, 249-252 (2006).

T. Kasama, M. Pósfai, R. K. K. Chong, A. P. Finlayson, P. R. Buseck, R. B. Frankel, R. E.

Dunin-Borkowski, Magnetic properties, microstructure, composition and morphology of greigite nanocrystals in magnetotactic bacteria from electron holography and tomography. American Mineralogist 91, 1216-1229 (2006).

U. Lins, M. R. McCartney, M. Farina, R. B. Frankel and P. R. Buseck, Crystal habits and magnetic microstructures of magnetosomes in coccoid magnetotactic bacteria. Anais Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 78, 463-474 (2006).

M. Pósfai, B. Arato, D. Schuler, C. Flies, D. A. Bazylinski, B. M. Moskowitz, R. B.Frankel,

Intracellular magnetite and extracellular hematite produced by Desulfovibrio magneticus. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 349, 444-455 (2006).

21

R. B. Frankel and D. A. Bazylinski, Magneto-aerotaxis. In: Magnetoreception and Magnetosomes in Bacteria, Edited by D. Schüler, Springer, Heidleberg, Germany, 2007, pp.1-24.

R. B. Frankel, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, M. Pósfai, D. A. Bazylinski, Magnetic microstructure of

magnetotactic bacteria. In: Handbook of Biomineralization: Biological Aspects and Sttructure Formation, Edited by E. Baeuerlein, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2007, pp. 127-144.

D. A. Bazylinski, R. B. Frankel, K. O. Konhauser, Modes of biomineralization of magnetite by

microbes. Geomicrobiol. J. 24, 465-475, 2007. R. B. Frankel, S. Schübbe, and D. A. Bazylinski, Magnetism and molecular biology of magnetic

iron minerals in bacteria. In "Biomineralization. From Nature to Application", Vol. 4 of 'Metal Ions in Life Sciences'; A. Sigel, H. Sigel, R. K. O. Sigel, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2008, pp. 343-376.

B. M. Moskowitz, D. A. Bazylinski, R. Egli, R. B. Frankel, K. J. Edwards, Magnetic Properties

of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria in a Seasonally Stratified Coastal Pond (Salt Pond, MA, USA), Geophysical Journal International 174, 75-92, 2008.

R. B. Frankel and D.A. Bazylinski, Magnetosomes and magnetoaerotaxis, In: Contributions to

Microbiology, Volume 16: Bacterial Sensing and Signaling,, M. Collin and R. Schuch (eds.). S. Karger AG, Switzerland, 2009, pp. 182-193.