riccardo negrini istituto di zootecnica università cattolica del s. cuore piacenza, italy...
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Riccardo NegriniIstituto di Zootecnica
Università Cattolica del S. Cuore Piacenza, [email protected]
http://www.animalgenetics-piacenza.it.
An unexpected story read in Italian cattle
DNA
Towards a strategy for the conservation of the genetic diversity of European cattle
RESGEN
SIM
ASVASM TUDALI
SAYAVIMOR
RET
PIR
BPI
GAS
AUBSAL
LIMBAZ
BPNNOR
CHA
GWH
BDA
BRO
JERGUE
DARANG
BOR
ERIRGA
DUB
M
WFC
EFC
NFC
SRP
HER
ABASHI
DEX
BWB
HIW
YEL POR
IST
REN
CAB
CHI
ROM
MMA
POD
HGYGRA
TDL
CNA
AYR
PIM
PIG
BUS
REN
LBPLRP
MCG
HFR
SHN
PAR
BER PAJ
STE
MON
BRO
MAN
AYR
PRIHFR
[RESGEN PL98-118 www.androclus.vet.uu.nl/resgen/][RESGEN PL98-118 www.androclus.vet.uu.nl/resgen/]
A dataset comprising almost 60 European
taurine breeds
30 microsatelites150 AFLP markers
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Central Europe
Reynolds distance
Relationship among Relationship among European breedsEuropean breeds
iii
iii
ynolds yx
yxD
1
)( 2
21
Re
Neighbour Joining tree
Modicana
Cinisara
Podolica
Maremmana
Chianina
Calvana
RomagnolaPiedmontese
RendenaItalian red pied
Cabannina
N=47
N=66
N=51
11 Italian Breeds141 AFLP
PCOA1
-0,2
-0,15
-0,1
-0,05
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
-0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15
It, FresianItalian Red Pied
Valdostana Red Pied
Cabannina
It. Limousine
RendenaPiedmontese
Mucca Pisana
Podolica
Maremmana
Cinisara
It. BrownModicana
MarchigianaRomagnola
Chianina
Calvana
Alpine Grey
Relationship among Italian breedsRelationship among Italian breeds
ALPINEPODOLIAN
NORTH
CENTRE-SOUTH
Other class of markersOther class of markers…………
D Laloë, K Goudarz
1st dimension
2nd d
ime
ns
ion
ChianinaChianinaLarger cattle in the world.
The bull "Donetto" reached the weigh of 1.780 Kg
•L. IUNIUS MODERATUS COLUMELLA (I sec B.C.)
De Re Rustica - Liber VI
“[…] Umbria produces huge and white (bovines) […]”
Historical information
In VI – VII sec. B.C. Numa Pompilio (Roman king) introduced in Rome the use of sacrifying to gods huge white bovines used in field working
Two genomes, three modes of transmitting information
Mitochondrial DNA
Autosomes
Y Chromosome
Bos taurus mtDNA HVRI region diversity
Reduced Median Networks Troy et al., Nature, 2001
Centre Europe
Near East
Italy
Loss of diversity
*
*
*
N.S.
Admixture analysis
Parental population
Hybrid population Africa Europe Anatolia & Near East
Northern Italy 0.071 ± 0.087 1.114 ± 0.364 -0.1852 ± 0.442
Central Italy 0.028 ± 0.084 0.160 ± 0.297 0.812 ± 0.363
Southern Italy 0.197 ± 0.098 1.517 ± 0.405 -0.713 ± 0.486
How did they arrive….?
When did they arrive….?When did they arrive….?
T3
1613816050
16261
16057
Tuscany
Egypt
East Europa (Hungary)
Tuscany, Middle East, Anatolia, Egypt
Datation of a T3 branch rooting in 16050 transition.
Mutation shared by Tuscan, Middle Eastern cattle
Estimated coalescence time is 3.970 +/- 2.400 years b.p.: The mutation arrived in Tuscany after Neolithic colonization of Italy
(about 8.000 years b.p.)
MtDNA haplogroups (T, T1, T2 and T3)
Is there any link with past human history….?Is there any link with past human history….?
Is there any link with the onset of Etruscan civilisation?
Etruscan had a powerful military and trading fleet and reached the Aegean sea and Anatolia
Strabone, citing Eforo, reports that Greeks that were founding Naxos (734 B.C.) were afraid of
Etruscan attacks.
Etruscan navy controlled trade in west Mediterranean
630 – 500 B.C.
•What about genetics?
•History -> Herodotus
•Linguistics -> European or Semitic?
•Archaeology -> different opinions
On-going debate on the origin of this civilisation
Local development, with Eastern influences or Eastern Mediterranean provenience?
mtDNA analysis from Etruscan remains (Vernesi et al., 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA)
Most related modern population
• modern Tuscans
•Anatolia populations
Gene flow with
Genetic data from modern populations
- Francalacci et al. (1996 Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 100, 443-460.) modern mtDNA sequences suggested the presence in Tuscany of an ancient European mtDNA diversity component, subsequently enriched by migrational waves, possibly from the Middle East.
- Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors assayed nuclear markers in modern humans living in Tuscany (1994 History and geography of human genes - Princeton University Press, Princeton, NY, USA). They detected a genetic discontinuity in these when compared to nearby Italian populations, explained either as an immigration from elsewhere or by the ancient expansion of a local isolated population.
mtDNA of modern Tuscan people mtDNA of modern Tuscan people
Tuscany divided in Volterra, Casentino and Murlo
B. taurusH. sapiens
ALL ROADS TAKE TO ROMA…..?ALL ROADS TAKE TO ROMA…..?
Before Rome many roads already took nearby, to Tarquinia, Caere, Cerveteri, Chiusi, Murlo…
• Paolo Ajmone Marsan• Piacenza team (Marco
Pellecchia, Licia Colli, Raffaele Mazza, Ezequiel Nicolazzi, Lorenzo Bomba, Fatima Chegdani, Francesca Sibella, Marcin Rzepus, Giordana Lucente)
• Resgen Consortium• Globaldiv Consortium
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• F. Salamini• A. Torroni• A .Achilli• U. Tecchiati• O. Hanotte• M. Bruford
And thank you for the attention……