Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas ProcessBackground and Accomplishments

Jonathan Raab, Raab Associates, Ltd.

Sponsors

Department of Environmental Management

State Energy Office

Stakeholders

Associated Builders and ContractorsAudubon Society of Rhode IslandBrown UniversityBusiness RoundtableConservation Law FoundationDepartment of AdministrationGovernor's Policy Office (ex officio)Narragansett ElectricNat. Fed’n of Independent BusinessesNew England Gas CompanyNorthern RI Chamber of CommerceOil Heat InstituteProvidence Chamber of CommerceRI Builder's AssociationRI Dept. of Environmental ManagementRI Dept. of Transportation

RI Economic Development Corp.RI House, Policy Office (ex officio)RI League of Cities and TownsRI Petroleum InstituteRI Public Interest Research GroupRI Public Transit AuthorityRI Division of Public Utilities and CarriersRI Senate, Policy Office (ex officio)RI Society of Environmental ProfessionalsRI State Energy OfficeRI Statewide PlanningSave The BaySierra ClubSustainability CoalitionThe Energy Council of Rhode IslandUS EPA (ex officio)US DOE (ex officio)

Working Groups

• Energy Supply / Solid Waste (Phase I and II)

• Buildings / Facilities (Phase I, II, and III)

• Transportation / Land Use (Phase I, II, and III)

Phase III Only:

• Education

• Forestry

Baseline Energy Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions by

Sector for Rhode Island (Carbon Equivalent)

-

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Mill

ion

To

nn

es C

arb

on

Eq

uiv

alen

t

Transport

Residential

Industry

Commercial Notes: This chart shows energy sector emissions with emissions from electric generation allocated among the four tertiary sectors (industry, transport, commerce and residential) based on the electricity consumed in those sectors.

Selecting the Target

• Selected Governors’/ Premiers’ Targets for now.

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Years

Mill

ion

Tonn

es C

arbo

n Eq

uiva

lent

Baseline

Governors' Premieres' Target

By 2010: reduce to 1990 levels

By 2020: 10% below 1990 level

Beyond: Reduce to non-threatening levels

Option Information

Option NameSaved

Carbon1

Cost of Saved

Carbon2

Compact Residential Appliances Initiative 80 -$550

Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Initiative (Industrial)

35 -$70

Resource Management (RM) Contracting 70 <$0

Green Power Purchasing thru SBC 13 $250-300

Local Fuel Economy Improvements (Feebate) Initiative

125 -$300

Notes:1 Estimates of thousands of metric tons in 20202 Cost of Saved Carbon is net costs (costs minus savings) per metric ton carbon equivalent reduced by the option.

Energy and Solid Waste Options: Selection

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Saved Carbon (thousands tonne C)

Co

st o

f S

aved

Car

bo

n (

$/to

nn

eC)

3.1 3.3

1.5

1.31.1 (s)1.61.1 (d)

1.2.1 & 1.2.21.4

Options by the Amount of Carbon Savings in 2020 and Cost of Saved Carbon

Creating/managing options (II): Results

52 Options Generated

49 Consensus 3 Non-consensus

All options include estimated Carbon Saved, Carbon Saved, Cost of Saved Carbon,Cost of Saved Carbon, and Co-benefitsCo-benefits

Contribution of Options to GHG Savings vs. Baseline in 2020 in Scenario: Consensus & Non-Consensus

Energy Supply &

Solid Waste18%

Transport & Land-

Use40%

Buildings and

Facilities42%

Contribution of Options to GHG Savings vs. Baseline in 2020 in Scenario: Consensus & Non-Consensus

State Incentives for Fuel Economy9%

VMT-based Insurance8%

Renewable Portfolio Standard7%

Industrial Energy Efficiency7%

Fossil Energy Efficiency6%

Urban & Suburban Forestry5%

Upgrade Building Codes5%

Pay as You Throw4%

Non Industrial CHP3%

Elec Eff in Non-Res Facilities3%

Convert Cropland to Forestry3%

Compact Appliances3%

Transit Oriented Development5%

Resource Management Contracting5%

Increase Gas Tax3%

Open Space Protection4%

Industrial CHP4%

All Others5%

Fleet Fuel GHG Content3%

Bottle Bill1%Efficient Heating

2%

Fuel Switch Oil to Gas1%Building Shell Retrofits

1%

Tax Credits for Energy Efficiency1% “All Other” Measures

Design 2000Efficient Residential CoolingTax Credits for Energy EfficiencyRetrofit ProgramEfficient Lighting & AppliancesCompact Floor SpaceFuel Switching: Electric to FossilPublic Facilities InitiativeLocal Govt. Vehicle Fuel EfficiencyConvert Croplands to WetlandsSolar Water HeatingSolar Water HeatingLow Input AgricEnergy Star HomesSolar PV Cells ProgramGas Air Conditioning

Scenario Net Economic Benefits and GHG Savings vs. Baseline

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18 C

onse

nsus

Con

sens

us &

No

n-

Con

sens

us

Con

sens

us +

No

n-

Con

sens

us +

R

egio

nal/N

atio

nal

Mill

ion

To

nn

es C

Eq

uiv

alen

t

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Mill

ion

Dis

co

un

ted

199

9$

Cumulative GHG Savings Cumulative Net Economic Benefit

Phase II

• Phase II of the process, launched 9/02-7/03• Chose 8 of the highest-priority options

Energy Supply: RPS Transportation: Feebates, TOD Buildings/Facilities: Tax Credits, C/I Fossil Heated

Retrofit, Industrial Targeting Solid Waste: Pay-As-You-Throw, Commercial

Resource Mgt.