Thomas RoserAPEX WS 2006

November 2 - 3 , 2006

RHICsome slides from the ops efficiency review

Q3. What actions have been taken to optimize the accelerator operations efficiency over the past five years and what cost savings have been realized?

Q4. What is the feasibility and impact of the proposed accelerator facility five year plan (FY 2008 - FY 2012) for optimizing operations efficiency and realizing additional cost savings?

For RHIC: optimizing operations efficiency means maximizing Int(L)/$ for Au-Au and Int(LP4)/$ for p- p

RHIC

NSRLLINAC

Booster

AGS

Tandems

STAR6:00 o’clock

PHENIX8:00 o’clock

PHOBOS10:00 o’clock Jet Target

12:00 o’clock

RF4:00 o’clock

BRAHMS2:00 o’clock

RHIC – a high luminosity (polarized) hadron collider

Operated modes (beam energies):

Au–Au 10, 28, 31, 65, 100 GeV/n

d–Au* 100 GeV/n

Cu–Cu 11, 31, 100 GeV/n

p–p 11, 31, 100, 205, 250 GeV

Possible future modes:

Au – Au 2.5 GeV/n (AGS, SPS c.m. energy)

p – Au* 100 GeV/n (*asymmetric rigidity)

Achieved peak luminosities (100 GeV, nucl.-nucl.):

Au–Au 581030 cm-2 s -1

p–p 351030 cm-2 s -1

Other large hadron colliders (scaled to 100 GeV):

Tevatron (p – pbar) 231030 cm-2 s -1

LHC (p – p, design) 1401030 cm-2 s -1

RHIC design and achieved parameters

Mode No ofbunches

Ions/bunch [9]

*[m]

Beampol.

Lstore ave

[cm-2s-1]

A1A2Lstore ave

[cm-2s-1]

A1A2Lpeak

[cm-2s-1]

Design values (1999)

Au – Au 56 1.0 2 21026 81030 311030

p – p 56 100 2 41030 41030 51030

Achieved values (up to 2006)

Au – Au 45 1.1 1 41026 161030 581030

d – Au 55 120/0.7 2 21028 81030 281030

Cu – Cu 37 4.5 0.9 801026 321030 791030

p – p 111 130 1 65% 201030 201030 351030

Enhance design values (2008)

Au – Au 111 1.1 0.9 81026 311030 1551030

p – p 111 200 0.9 70% 601030 601030 901030

*

2

2

3

IonBrev NNf

L

Delivered luminosity and polarization during last 5 years (Q3)

15%

34%46%

47%

65%

Luminosity:Increased 100 xPolarization:Increased 3 xFOM=LP4

Increased 10,000 x

Major improvements: warm sections NEG coating, cold sections vacuum pumps, AGS Siberian snakes

Performance limitations with partial to-do list

Intra-beam scattering (heavy ions) Low dispersion lattice Stochastic (in progress) and electron cooling at 100 GeV/n

Dynamic pressure rise from electron clouds NEG coating of warm sections Pre-pumping of cold sections

Instabilities (at transition) Adjust chromaticity (chromaticity jump?) Reduce electron clouds Fast transverse damper

Beam-beam (light ions and protons) Eliminate ~10 Hz orbit oscillation (in progress) Non-linear chromaticity correction (in progress) New working point ? Electron lens ??

Polarization (protons) AGS: strong partial snake AGS: horizontal tune in spin tune gap (in progress) RHIC: 100 GeV: RHIC: 250 GeV: ring alignment, orbit correction

Run-7 (President Budget request) (Q3)

30 weeks of cryo operation

1 ½ week cool down 80K to 4K

3 week set-up/ramp-up A-A

½ week warm-up

10 weeks p-p physics

3 weeks set-up/ramp-up p-p

12 weeks of A-A physics

Over last five years reduced cool-down/warm-up from 5 weeks to 2 weeks and reduced set-up/ramp-up from 2x5 weeks to 2x3 weeks total reduction of operations overhead from 15 weeks to 8 weeks per year!

LN2 cooler, He refrigerator improvements Automation, beam-based feed-back

RHIC Cryogenic System Power Consumption Progress (Q3)

Carnot efficiency improved from 9% to 15% (JLab consulting) (saved 4 MW)

Further improvements underway

Calendar time in store after setup (Q3)

Rest of the time:~ 17 % machine tuning/ramping~ 11 % machine studies ~ 7 % maintenance and access~ 15 % failures

Goal 100h/week

Over last five years increased time in store from 25% (42 hrs/week) to 50% (85 hrs/week)

system reliability upgrades, automation

Goals for RHIC Enhanced Design Performance (~2008*) (Q4)

* First 250 GeV p-p physics run currently scheduled for 2009.

Improving Time in Store (Q4)

1) Cool-down and warm-up (now 1 ½ + ½ weeks, close to limit): Increase of cooling capacity (AIP)

2) Set-up/ramp-up time (now ~ 3 weeks / mode, limit ~ 2 weeks): More automation and beam-based feed-back and use of stored archives Already achieved 2 ½ weeks

3) Tuning, refill and ramping (now ~ 17 %, limit ~ 12 % ): Improved automation and reproducibility of RHIC and Injectors EBIS replacement of Tandem (inconsistent performance of stripping foils) Challenging to make much progress with short (4 hour) stores

4) Machine development and accelerator physics experiment (now ~ 11 %, limit ~ 8 %): Required to reach short and long term performance goals

5) Maintenance and accesses (now ~ 7 %, limit ~ 4 % ): Scheduled maintenance every 2 weeks is optimal Strict maintenance planning and coordination to minimize turn-on problems

6) Failures (now ~ 15 %, goal: “as low as possible” ): see next slide

Could gain about 1 week of physics with 1) and 2) and reach about 102 hrs/week (61 %) of time in store with 3) through 5). Additional benefit may come from failure reduction.

Improving system reliability (Q4)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

Accelerator System

Fail

ure

Ho

urs

as a

per

cen

t o

f

Sch

ed

ule

d O

pera

tio

ns

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ho

urs

Special focus for reliability improvements: RHIC Power supplies: climate control of PS buildings Controls: upgraded UPS and back-up systems Access controls: Replace gate switches and access doors

Run-6 system failure analysis(analysis done every year)

Beam-based tune and coupling feed-back (Q4)

High precision control of tune and coupling

All settings are recorded and can be played back on future ramps (feed-forward)

Stable operation in the presence of persistent current variations

Plan to implement chromaticity feed-back

uncertainties at beginning of FY)

Peter Cameron, “Closed-loop technology speeds up beam control”CERN Courier, May 2006

Accelerator Improvement and Capital Equipment projects (Q4)

Capital equipment projects: AGS/RHIC low level rf upgrade 2005/6/7 $600k Booster power supply interface upgrade 2006 $120k LEBT and MEBT modification for polarized protons 2006 $100k AGS ion pump control upgrade 2005/7 $1M RHIC Service Buildings improvement 2007/8 $550k Load matched cryo turbines 2008 $600k Siemens motor-generator relay replacement 2008 $100k

Accelerator improvement projects: AGS MMPS transformer 2005/6/7 $3.6M

RHIC stochastic cooling 2006/7 $1M Cryo control upgrade 2007 $700k Main Control Room consolidation and upgrade 2008 $1.5M Electrical Motor Control Centers Buildings 911/930/912 2008 $1M AGS roughing pumps and vacuum gauges 2008/9 $1M Westinghouse motor stator insulation 2008 $600k

AGS Main Magnet PS Transformer (Q4)

• originally built in 1969 • (Siemens)• single point of failureNew AGS MMPS transformer• total replacement cost: $3.6M,

AIP in FY05/06/07 (Niagara-Siemens)

• also expect ripple reduction during acceleration ramp

• factor 2)• expected completion: Dec 2007

Siemens Motor-Generator

RHIC Service Building improvements (Q4)

1004-B

1006-B

1008-B

1010-A

1012-A

1002-B

• 6 RHIC Service Building house PS and other equipment

• replacement value of installed PS equipment is about $10M

• Approved GPP project supplemented with ops and AIP funds

• expect 1-2 days/run in failure reduction and lifetime extension of installed equipment

Main Control Room upgrade (Q4)

Consolidation of all controls in one room current MCR, cryo control room, Collider-Accelerator Support, Siemens

watch reduction of 24h personnel; better communication

More consoles (more machines in the future: EBIS, ERL, e-cooling, eRHIC)

Better ergonomics and integration of operations support activities.

Funding through GPP/AIP

now Upgrade plan

RHIC longitudinal stochastic cooling (Q4)

AIP in FY06/07: to built a system for the Blue ring upgrade the Yellow system

Stochastic cooling system is expected to reduce or stop heavy ion beam debunching, leading to:

20-50% luminosity increase smaller vertex region experimental background reduction reduced demands on gap cleaner

Summary

Q3. What actions have been taken to optimize the accelerator operations efficiency over the past five years and what cost savings have been realized?100 x increased luminosity; 3 times increased polarization (10,000 x increased FoM)warm sections NEG coating, AGS snakes, cold sections vacuum pumpsIncreased time-in-store from 42 hrs (25%) to 85 hrs (50%) per weeksystem reliability upgrades, automation Reduced operations overhead from cool-down/set-up from 15 weeks to 8 weeks/yearLN2 cooler, automation, beam-based feed-backReduced power consumption of RHIC refrigeratorAIPs and CE to increase refrigerator Carnot efficiency from 9% to 15% (saved 4 MW)

Q4. What is the feasibility and impact of the proposed accelerator facility five year plan (FY 2008 - FY 2012) for optimizing operations efficiency and realizing additional cost savings?1.6 x increased luminosity (Au-Au); 7.5 x increased luminosity (pp); 70% polarization (10x FoM)increased beam intensity, reduced beam-beam effects, stochastic cooling, further pol. improvements in AGS (AIPs, CE)Increased time-in-store to > 100 hrs/week (60%)further automation, improved system reliability (AIPs), improved infrastructure (AIPs, CE), EBISReduced and more efficient 24 hr operation staffingEBIS, consolidated Main Control Room ( - ~ 1.5M$)Further reduced power consumption of RHIC refrigerator Additional cold turbine, load-matched turbine (save up to 1.8 MW)