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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS VS OSTEOARTHRITIS Anusha Reddy FY1 General Surgery (UHCW) 25 th Nov 2013 Slide 2 Rheumatoid Arthritis Definition Multisystem Autoimmune Inflammatory Condition Symmetrical Polyarthropathy Small joints Slide 3 Epidemiology It can develop at any age, but typically starts between 40- 60 years Female:Male (3:1) Common Arthritis: 1 in 100 develop RA at some stage in their life Slide 4 Pathophysiology Not completely elucidated! Autoimmune Trigger Synovial cell hyperplasia and endothelial cell activation uncontrolled inflammation bone destruction Genetics Slide 5 Symptoms and Signs Morning stiffness lasting 1 hour* Swelling in 3 joints* Swelling in hand joints* Symmetric joint swelling* Erosions or declacifications on xray of hand Rhematoid nodules Abnormal serum RF *Must be present 6 weeks Slide 6 Extra-articular manifestations Slide 7 Investigations Bloods FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP, RF anti CCP Imaging Slide 8 Slide 9 Management Conservative- weight loss, smoking cessation, OT Pain relief- paracetamol + NSAIDS, Steroids Disease modification DMARDs and Biologics (Etanercept + Adalimumab) Slide 10 DMARDS METHOTREXATE (first line)- oral ulcers, alopecia, GI upset, hepatotoxic SULFASALAZINE- GI upset, less hepatotoxic LEFLUNOMIDE- Liver cirrhosis, GI upset, alopecia !GOLD- Rash, Glomerulonephropathy !PENICILLIAMINE- Rash, lupus-like illness Slide 11 Case 1 34 F presents 8/52 history of pain of the small joints in her hand. Pain worse first thing in the morning Associated with stiffness +++ Takes around 1 hours for the stiffness to go away Feels more tired than usual Notices swollen hands Slide 12 Case 1 Social History Works as a secretary and has been late for work- pain has disrupted her morning routine Smokes 15 cigarettes/day DrinksSlide 13 Case 1 On Examination Slightly swollen over the MCP and PIP joints of both hands. Tender +++ No obvious deformity Temp 37.5C Injected right eye- non tender Skin changes/ elbows/scalp Slide 14 Case 1 Differential Diagnosis Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis SLE Sjogrens Syndrome Sarcoidosis Psoriatic Arthritis Polymyalgia Rheumatica Slide 15 Case 1 Investigations ? Bloods FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP, (RF anti CCP) Imaging Narrowing of joint spaces Soft tissue swelling Bony erosions Subluxation Periarticular osteopenia Joint deformity Slide 16 Management Conservative- smoking cessation Drugs 1) Pain relief 2) Disease modifying Social Modifications at work Modifications at home Case 1 Slide 17 Slide 18 Osteoarthritis Definition Degenerative joint disease A clinical syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced QOL Hips Knees Small joints of hands Slide 19 Osteoarthritis Risk factors Increasing age Women Obesity Joint injuries- sports/occupational repetitive stress load Slide 20 Symptoms and Signs Square thumb Slide 21 RA Vs. OA FeaturesRheumatoid ArthritisOsteoarthritis Age of onsetCan happen at any ageUsually later in life Speed of onsetRapid- weeks to monthsSlow- over years DistributionSymmetrical polyarthritisInitially asymmetrical monoarthritis polyarthritis Joints affectedSmall joints of hands and feet Weight bearing joints- knees, hips Duration of morning stiffness Stiffness worse in the morning >1hour Stiffness