rhetoric plato: rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."
TRANSCRIPT
Rhetoric Rhetoric Plato: Plato: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the art of winning "the art of winning
the soul by the soul by discourse."discourse."
RhetoricRhetoric
Aristotle:Aristotle: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the faculty of "the faculty of
discovering in any discovering in any particular case all of the particular case all of the
availableavailablemeans of persuasion.means of persuasion.
RhetoricRhetoric Francis Bacon: Francis Bacon: Rhetoric Rhetoric
is the application of is the application of reason to imagination reason to imagination
"for the better "for the better
moving of the will."moving of the will."
RhetoricRhetoric The study or art of The study or art of
using language using language persuasively and persuasively and
effectively. effectively.
Applying RhetoricApplying RhetoricA child asks his A child asks his parents why he has parents why he has to go to bed. to go to bed.
AristotleAristotleLogos: Because you’re Logos: Because you’re growing. You need your growing. You need your rest. You had a long day rest. You had a long day today. You want to be today. You want to be ready for Disneyland ready for Disneyland tomorrow.tomorrow.
AristotleAristotlePathos: Because the Pathos: Because the boogey man and the boogey man and the monster that lives in monster that lives in your closet will get you your closet will get you and because Santa won’t and because Santa won’t bring you any toys.bring you any toys.
AristotleAristotleEthos: Because, as Ethos: Because, as you know, I love you you know, I love you and want the best for and want the best for you, and I said so.you, and I said so.
AristotleAristotleEthos:Ethos: The The writer’s/speaker’s writer’s/speaker’s character or imagecharacter or image
Logos:Logos: Logical Arguments Logical ArgumentsPathos:Pathos: The emotions of The emotions of the audiencethe audience
Appeals present in Appeals present in arguments:arguments:
Follow along on your Follow along on your handoutshandouts
EthosEthos so let’s pretind that I am givin so let’s pretind that I am givin
this presentation on rhetoric this presentation on rhetoric to y’all and my slide luks like to y’all and my slide luks like this…do you beleive me! Why this…do you beleive me! Why should you right? LOL—haha.should you right? LOL—haha.
R U taking me serioulsy yet?R U taking me serioulsy yet? As a teecher, do you beleive As a teecher, do you beleive
what i am saying? what i am saying?
Writer must keep Purpose in Writer must keep Purpose in mind:mind:
support a support a causecause
promote a promote a changechange
refute a refute a theorytheory
stimulate stimulate interestinterest
win agreementwin agreement arouse arouse
sympathysympathy provoke anger.provoke anger.
Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:
Who exactly is the audience?Who exactly is the audience? What do they know?What do they know? What do they believe?What do they believe? What do they expect?What do they expect? How will my audience How will my audience disagree with me?disagree with me?
Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:
What will they want me to What will they want me to address or answer?address or answer?
How can I—or should I—use How can I—or should I—use jargon?jargon?
Should I use language that is Should I use language that is formal, factual, and objective; or formal, factual, and objective; or familiar, anecdotal, and familiar, anecdotal, and personal?personal?
Ways to persuade:Ways to persuade:
Rhetorical Tropes Rhetorical Tropes and Schemesand Schemes
Ways to persuadeWays to persuade AntithesisAntithesis AphorismAphorism ApostropheApostrophe ChiasmusChiasmus Cliche’Cliche’ HyperboleHyperbole IronyIrony MetaphorMetaphor Metonym Metonym
OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia ParadoxParadox Parallelism Parallelism ParalipsisParalipsis PersonificationPersonification Rhetorical QuestionRhetorical Question SynaesthesiaSynaesthesia SynecdocheSynecdoche
Ways to persuadeWays to persuadeAllusionAllusionAnaphoraAnaphoraPolysyndetPolysyndetonon
AsyndetonAsyndeton
Epistrophe Epistrophe
RepetitionRepetition
AlliterationAlliteration
ConsonanceConsonance
Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies
ad hominem ad hominem fallacyfallacy: Attacking a : Attacking a person’s characterperson’s character
Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies
ad populumad populum fallacy fallacy: “to : “to the crowd,” a the crowd,” a
misconception that a misconception that a widespread occurrence of widespread occurrence of
something is assumed something is assumed
Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciescircular reasoningcircular reasoning: trying : trying
to prove one idea with to prove one idea with another idea that is too another idea that is too similar to the first idea; similar to the first idea;
such logicalsuch logical
ways moves backwards ways moves backwards in its attempt to move in its attempt to move
forwardforward
Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies
either/or either/or reasoningreasoning: the : the
tendency to see an tendency to see an issue as having issue as having only two sidesonly two sides
Logical fallaciesLogical fallacieshasty generalizationhasty generalization: : drawing a general drawing a general
and premature and premature conclusion on the conclusion on the
basis of only one or basis of only one or two cases two cases
Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciesnon sequiturnon sequitur: “it : “it
does not follow,” an does not follow,” an inference or inference or
conclusion that does conclusion that does not follow from not follow from
established established