rguhs.ac.inrguhs.ac.in/cdc/onlinecdc/uploads/05__40480.doc · web viewnss students who know to read...
TRANSCRIPT
1
SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR
DISSERTATION
MS. UDAYA SANTHI
FIRST YEAR M.SC (NURSING)
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
YEAR 2012
INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING
HENNUR CROSS, HENNUR MAIN ROAD
BANGALORE – 560 043
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR
DISSERTATION
2
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND
ADDRESS
MS. UDAYA SANTHI
1ST YEAR M.Sc. (NURSING)
INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE
OF NURSING,
HENNUR CROSS,HENNUR
MAIN ROAD,
BANGALORE – 560 043
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE
OF NURSING,
HENNUR CROSS, HENNUR
MAIN ROAD
BANGALORE – 560 043
3. COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT
I ST YEAR M.Sc. (NURSING),
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE
COURSE
11/06/2012
5. TITLE OF THE STUDY
“EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO
ASSISSTED TEACHING ON
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICE REGARDING
SELECTED FIRST AID
MEASURES AMONG
NATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE
STUDENTS IN SELECTED
SCHOOL OF BANGALORE.”
5. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
3
Safety isn't expensive, it’s priceless
- Jerry Smith
Students are the future citizens of the country and have different roles to play. Though
they should devote a greater part of their time in attending to their studies they should spend a
portion of their time in the service of the people. It is needless to say that they get much time
for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.
Students should cultivate the spirit of service from the very formative stage.1
The school is a place where the process of socialization occurs. School children being
more active and adventuresome, they are prone to falls, sports injury, drowning, vehicle
accidents etc. Accidents and injuries are major cause for disability and death among
children.2
NSS is a voluntary association of young people in Schools, Colleges, and Universities
and at +2 levels working for a campus-community linkage. Popularly known as NSS, the
scheme was launched in Gandhiji's Centenary year, 1969. Aimed at developing student's
personality through community service.5
The motto of NSS is "NOT ME BUT YOU". It underlines that the welfare of an
individual is ultimately dependent on the welfare of the society as a whole. This expresses the
essence of democratic living and upholds the need of self-less service and appreciation of the
other man's point of view and also consideration for fellow human beings. Therefore NSS
volunteers shall strive for the well being of the society.5
School health services are comprehensive care to the health and wellbeing of children
throughout the school years. First aid and emergency care are important aspects of school
health.4
First Aid is the temporary help given to an injured or a sick person before professional
medical treatment can be provided. This timely assistance, comprising of simple medical
4
techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any layperson can be
trained to administer first aid, which can be carried out using minimal equipments.8
Basic training in first aid skills should be taught in school, in work places and, in
general, be learnt by all, as it is mandatory to our modern and stressful life.
The main aims of first aid are to:
(1) Preserve life (this includes the life of the casualty, bystander and rescuer),
(2) Protect the casualty from further harm (ensure the scene is safe),
(3) Provide pain relief (this could include the use of ice packs or simply applying a sling),
(4) Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse (ensure that the treatment you provide
does not make the condition worse), and
(5) Provide reassurance. 7
First aid knowledge also increases the social responsibility of the society and strengthens
humanitarian values. An injury is defined as unintentional or intentional damage to the body
resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from
the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen.8
Injuries include unintentional injuries (such as those caused by motor vehicle crashes
and fires) and Intentional injuries (violence and suicide).
Injuries are not accidents. They can be prevented by changing the environment,
individual behaviour, products, social norms, legislation, and governmental and institutional
policy. 5
Injuries requiring medical attention, or resulting in restricted activity, affect more
than 20 million children and adolescents (250 per 1,000 persons) and cost $17 billion
annually for medical treatment.5
The American Red Cross is implementing self-paced Basic First Aid course which
can meet the needs of the student-teacher-nurse in a health education profitable for all. 7
5
First aid remains a core area of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC). The IFRC is the major first aid educator and provider in the
world. Almost all 186 Red Cross Red Crescent National Societies have first aid as their core
activity. The IFRC believes that first aid is a vital initial step for providing effective and rapid
intervention that helps reduce serious injuries and improve the chance of survival.33
World First Aid Day, 2009 was held on 12 September, using the theme “First Aid
For Humanity”. More than 32 National Societies reached over 20 million people
globally, and more than 760,000 volunteers and staff were mobilised33
A study was conducted to assess the layman knowledge regarding Basic Life Support.
The result shown that only 9.9% know the mouth to mouth respiration.84.28% knew about
the Chest Compression Technique and 79.9% of these know the purpose. Only 14.5% know
how to position the victim to perform Chest Compression Technique.82.48% reported a
frequency below 60/minute.14
A study suggested that video retraining in first aid at 1 week, 1 month and 13 months
after initial training demonstrates better retention of skills compared with no re-training over
this period.13
The process of providing first aid and emergency care knowledge to the students
especially to the volunteer groups like National Social Service is essential as they are the
building blocks of the country.
6.1 NEED OF THE STUDY
.
Accidents are regrettable events that occur when you are unprepared. Accidents can
take place anywhere and at any time. They come without any prior notice. It is absolutely
6
necessary that you brace yourself at all times and be ready just in case an accident occurs.
The best way is to be prepared is if you know first aid, and the only way you can know first
aid is to do a first aid course. First aid courses are very important and highly recommended.18
Injuries–resulting from traffic collisions, drowning, poisoning, falls or burns - and
violence - from assault , self-inflicted violence or acts of war–kill more than five million
people worldwide annually and cause harm to millions more. They account for 9% of global
mortality, and are a threat to health in every country of the world. For every death, it is
estimated that there are dozens of hospitalizations, hundreds of emergency department visits
and thousands of doctors’ appointments. A large proportion of people surviving their injuries
incur temporary or permanent disabilities.26
The unintentional injuries are major causes of emergency department visits
hospitalization, permanent disability and death among children aged 1 to 14 years in South
American countries. The majority of unintentional injuries happen in or near to the home.
Industrial burn injuries result in significant morbidity, infrequent mortality and man-hour
loss, leading to loss of productivity.
The World Health Organization estimates injuries accounted for more than 5 million
deaths in 2005, significantly impacting the global burden of disease. Nearly 3.9 million of
these deaths were due to unintentional injury, a cause also responsible for more than 138
million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the same year. More than 90% of the
DALYs lost occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the
disproportionate burden that injuries place on developing countries.26
Globally about 16,000 people die of injuries every day and about 58 million people
die every year. This corresponds to an annual mortality rate of 97.9 per 1, 00,000 population.
Mortality due to injury is only the tip of ice berg as millions of people require hospital
7
treatment for several days. According to WHO report 2006, injury accounts for 12.2% of
total burden of diseases. In comparison to other diseases and health conditions, injury
morbidity, mortality and disability account for disproportionate death among children and
young adults. This leads to a major burden on health sector and social welfare services and its
socio economic consequences for the cause as well as loss of productivity.16
India is a home to almost 19% of the world’s children. More than one third of the
country’s population, around 480 million, is below the age of 25 years (54% of the
population). Children are the future of any nation. The healthy existence of children is
essential to build up a challenging nation. India is the home to nearly 500 million young
people among children less than 15 years are 37 %( 37 million).
In 2006 the death increased to 3,14,704 and there was a gradual increase in the rate to
28.7%.The data show 43% increase in total death and 19% increase in rate of death over 10
years. In Karnataka 20,593 accidental deaths were reported in 2006 and the state’s percentage
share to the country’s total accidental death and the rate were 6.5% and 36.5% respectively.
In accidental deaths Karnataka has 13th position in the country. In Karnataka about 1133
children up to the age of 14 is dying every year and it comprises of 5.5% of the total
accidental death. 16
In Bangalore about 99 reported accidental child death occurring every year and it is
3.9% of the total accidental deaths in the city. In 2007 All India accidental death rate was
30% whereas in Karnataka it is 39%.Unnatural accident rate in India was 36.3% whereas in
Karnataka it is 43.2%.The unnatural accidents include road and rail accidents, poisoning,
drowning, fire, falls, electrocution etc.25
One year data from Bangalore shown that 209 children below the age of 18 years died
and 5,505 children brought to the hospital with injury. Majority of the children belonged to
average socio economic house hold and were studying in schools. Nearly one fourth of the
8
total death in children was due to road traffic accidents. These were followed by burns with
17% and falls with 13%.Drowning and poisoning accounts for 6% and 5% respectively. It is
estimated that Bangalore witnesses an average of nearly 10,000 hospitalizations every year.
Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury (40%).Falls are the second cause with
19% of injuries. Animal bites, Poisoning, Burns and Assault accounts for 11%, 10%, 9%, and
6% respectively.25
The investigator had personally witnessed, loss of human life in the public and
hospital setting due to lack of appropriate and safe first aid management. From this study, the
investigator will be able to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding first aid measures and
provide teaching programme regarding first aid among the National Service schemes
volunteers (NSS), as they stand in the front line of social service to save the life of the public.
Based on so much literatures and investigator’s experience, it is felt that it is essential
to give adequate knowledge about first aid and emergency care to school children especially
to groups like National social services. At the time of accidents, disasters, mass casualty’setc.
National social service has significant role in rescue services. The knowledge regarding first
aid and emergency care in addition to the physical and adventurous training to National social
service help them to play a major role in emergency management in adverse conditions where
the medical professionals find difficulty to reach.For this reason, investigator selected this
topic to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding first aid measures among National
service scheme volunteers and thereby to provide adequate information about first aid
measures in selected situations.
9
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is a key step in the research process. It refers to an extensive,
exhaustive and systematic examination of publications relevant to the research. A literature
10
review helps to lay the foundation for a study and can also inspire new ideas. It can help with
orientation to what is known about an area of enquiry to ascertain what research can best
make a contribution to the existing base of evidence.28
Literature review was done for the following heading:
Section A: General information about First Aid measures
Section B: Knowledge and practice regarding selected first aid measures
Section C: Interventions on First Aid measures.
Section A: General information about First Aid measures
Martins CB, Andrade SM. (2008) conducted a study on accidents with foreign bodies
in children less than 15 years of age: epidemiological analysis of first aid services,
hospitalizations, and deaths. This study aims to analyze accidents involving foreign bodies
among children less than 15 years of age residing in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, in terms
of first aid, hospitalization, and death (2001). Data were obtained from general hospital
records and the Municipal Mortality Database. A total of 434 accidents were analyzed, with a
3.7% hospitalization rate and 0.7% mortality. Boys predominated (53.7%), and the incidence
rate was highest among children one to three years of age (7.2 per 1,000 children). Foreign
body penetration in natural orifices (eyes, nostrils, and ears) accounted for 94%,
inhalation/ingestion of food 2.8%, inhalation/ingestion of objects 2.5%, and aspiration of
gastric contents 0.7%, and these causes accounted for all the deaths. The results contribute to
epidemiological knowledge on such accidents and indicate the need to restructure health
services in order to decentralize care for less complex injuries, besides emphasizing the need
for preventive measures.21
11
Bollig G, Wahl HA ., (2009) conducted a study to determine if a first aid teaching
program including 5 lessons (45 min each) of theoretical and practical training for 6-7-year-
old children can influence their performance in a first aid scenario.228 primary school
children at the age of 6-7 years were included in the study, 102 girls and 126 boys. One child
was 5 years old. 117 children were taught basic first aid measures and 111 without training
served as control group. In the test scenario the children had to provide first aid to an
unconscious victim after a cycle accident. The course participants were retested after 6
months. Statistically significant differences between course participants compared to those
without training could be shown for all tested subjects, including correct assessment of
consciousness (p<0.001), correct assessment of breathing (p<0.001), knowledge of the
correct emergency telephone number (p<0.001), giving correct emergency call information
(p<0.001), knowledge of correct recovery position (p<0.001), correct airway management
(p<0.001). Retesting after 6 months showed statistically significant differences for 5 of 6
tested items.6-7-Year-old children can give basic first aid to an unconscious patient. A course
with 5 lessons leads to a significant increase in first aid knowledge and
ills. Knowledge retention is good after 6 months. All primary school children should
receive first aid training starting in first grade.19
Myklebust AG, Østringen K ., (2011). Conducted a study on mixed methods
approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods was used to investigate the effects
of teaching first aid in the kindergarten in the present study. 10 kindergarten children at the
age of 4-5 years were included in a pilot-study, 5 girls and 5 boys. Three of them were four
years and seven were five years old. Two months after completion of the first aid course
12
children were tested in a scenario where the children had to provide first aid to an
unconscious victim after a cycle accident. The next seven months the children were followed
by participant observation. The findings suggest that 4-5-year-old children are able to learn
and apply basic first aid. Tested two months after course completion 70% of the children
assessed consciousness correctly and knew the correct emergency telephone number; 60%
showed correct assessment of breathing and 40% of the participants accomplished the other
tasks (giving correct emergency call information, knowledge of correct recovery position,
correct airway management) correctly. Many of the children showed their capabilities to do
so in a first aid scenario although some participants showed fear of failure in the test scenario.
In an informal group testing most of these children could perform first aid measures, too.
Teaching first aid also lead to more active helping behaviour and increased empathy in the
children.20
Section B: Knowledge and practice regarding selected first aid measures
Abbas A, Bukhari SI, Ahmad F., (2011) conducted a study on Knowledge of first
aid and basic life support amongst medical students: a comparison between trained and un-
trained students. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 250 (125 trained and
125 untrained) medical students. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was used for
data collection. The questionnaire covered all the major topics of FA-BLS. Amongst the
trained students 99 (79.2%) had been trained at their respective medical colleges. The correct
responses by the trained students were significantly better than untrained students regarding
CPR, Recovery position, Asthma and Bleeding. The mean number of correct answers for
trained students was 6.13 +/- 2.1 while 4.94 +/- 2.06 out of the total 13 questions for
untrained students .Although the knowledge of trained students was found to be better than
those of untrained students yet the mean of trained students was less than 50% which is not
13
satisfactory. In order to improve the knowledge of medical students on first aid,
their knowledge should be reinforced every year.22
Miller and Spicer (2007), A study was conducted with an objective to assess the
knowledge and practices of urban and rural high school children regarding minor injuries.112
urban and 110 rural high school students were selected. A variety of local application for
wound was described. Burnoil, Vaseline, talcum powder, mercurome were told only by urban
students, irritating on wound was told by rural students. Washing of wound with water, use of
turmeric, ointment, Dettol, spirit, sucking were told by urban students, while more of rural
students told about use of mustard oil and other oils. Need of tetanus toxoid and immediate
washing of wound was told more by urban students. Need for relevant health education was
emphasized.15
Prabhjot Saini, P Ranadive, et.al. (2009) conducted a study with an objective to
determine the knowledge on burn prevention and first aid for burns in grade five Cambodian
school children. A 34 question was developed. A total of 420 students were surveyed.
Average age was 12.5 years.55% were females. The result shows 74% routinely cared for
other children. Only 52% has TV at home but still 78% managed to watch TV for an average
of 2 hours/day.36% of students indicated they had received information of first aid. Only 7%
knew to roll on the ground if their clothes caught fire and nearly 50% would pour water on a
burning pot of oil. This study suggests that a television burn prevention campaign could be an
effective method to improve their knowledge especially if it was endorsed by an authority
figure.6
Ameer Zaighum (2006), conducted a field study of first aid on knowledge and
attitudes of college students in Kuwait University. A random sample of 562 students
completed a questionnaire including demographic data; 20 questions testing knowledge.
14
Overall, students scored 0.49 for knowledge and 2.30 (of a maximum 3) for attitude. Analysis
using Student's t-test found significantly higher mean scores for females in high knowledge,
attitude to importance and overall attitude; for 18-23 year olds vs. 24-29 year olds for attitude
to importance; for 'science' colleges vs. 'literary' colleges for all categories except high
knowledge; for training for attitude to resources; and for study for all categories except low
knowledge. One-way ANOVA across years of university attendance showed no significant
difference. Individuals were grouped into those with excellent, medium and poor knowledge
and one-way ANOVA performed across these groups for all the categories of knowledge and
attitude. The results showed a close correlation between knowledge and attitude. More
training and coursework in first aid at Kuwait University appears to be warranted, with males
and those in 'literary' colleges especially targeted 17
Parnell M, Pearson (2006), A study was conducted with an objective to assess the
knowledge and attitude of New Zealand High school students towards resuscitation.
Questionnaires were administered to 494 students aged 16-17 years across six High Schools
across Wellington. The result showed that students had poor theoretical knowledge with a
mean (SD) score of 5.61(2.61) out of a maximum score of 18.Although there was no
difference between male and female students those who had received previous training (70%)
showed greater knowledge(6.04%)(2.56) than their untrained counter parts(4.94%)(2.24%)
P=0.001.Students with positive attitude towards Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) and
first aid(63%) acquired higher knowledge scores (6.12%)(2.24%).Introducing CPR training
to high schools is still recommended.29
Section C: Interventions on First Aid measures.
. Delavar MA, Gholami G, (2012) conducted a study to assess the knowledge, attitude
and practices of relief workers posted in rescue and relief bases of the Red Crescent Society
15
of Mazandaran province of Iran during Nouroz holidays. Two hundred and nineteen relief
workers were selected as the study sample from thirteen Norouz rescue and relief bases of
Red Crescent Society in Mazandaran province, which has 13 cities, for this cross-sectional
descriptive study. Through a cluster random sampling, a pre- tested, structured and validated
questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitude of relief workers. A practical test
with a check list was used to assess their practices. The data were analyzed by t test and
analysis of variance. The relief workers had an average knowledge score of 56.5% and
attitude score of 52.9% on first aid. There was significant difference between knowledge and
education level (p<0.0001). Of the total relief workers, 83% knew how to correctly perform a
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while 94 percent reported that they did not know how
to perform endotracheal intubation. Relief workers demonstrated moderate level
of knowledge, attitude and practices towards first aid. Capacity building of relief workers
on first aid will help to reduce morbidity and mortality. 24
Afrasyab Khan,Sumaira Shaikh .,(2010)conducted a cross-sectional study to assess
knowledge, attitude and practices of first aid measures in undergraduate students of
Karachi.The study was carried out at six colleges of Karachi, three of which were medical
colleges and three non-medical colleges. Knowledge was assessed regarding various
emergency situations with the help of a questionnaire. The target population size was 460,
based on 50% prevalence and 95% confidence interval. The eventual sample size achieved
was 446.A total of 446 students were interviewed. Seventy eight students (17.5%) had formal
First Aid (FA) training. The mean number of correct answers of students with FA training
was 10.3 (± 3.5) as opposed to 8.58 (± 4.0) in those without FA training (p<0.001, 95% CI)
with a mean difference of 7.84%. The mean number of correct answers by medical students
with FA training was 11.2 (± 2.9) as opposed to 7.2 (± 3.43) by non-medical students
(p<0.001, 95% CI) with a mean difference of 18.14%. Students having received formal first
16
aid training scored better than those who had not (p<0.001).First aid training programmes
should be introduced at school and college level in developing countries to decrease the early
mortality and morbidity of accidents and emergencies.23
6.3 (A) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
‘The study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and
practice regarding selected First Aid measures among National Social Service Students in
selected school of Bangalore.’’
6.4 (B) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
17
The objectives of the study are:-
To assess the knowledge of NSS students of selected school at Bangalore regarding
selected first aid measures at selected schools of Bangalore.
To assess the level of practice of NSS students regarding selected first aid measures at
selected schools of Bangalore.
To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge
regarding selected first aid measures among NSS students
To correlate the posttest knowledge with level of practice regarding selected first aid
measures among NSS students.
To determine an association between the pre-test knowledge score of NSS students
with selected socio- demographic variables
6.5 (C) OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Evaluate:
It refers to judge or study the significance, worth or quality of video assisted teaching
on selected first aid measures among NSS students of selected school of Bangalore
18
Effectiveness
It refers to the quality or capacity of being able to bring a change after video
assisted teaching on selected first aid measures among the NSS students of selected
school of Bangalore.
Video teaching programme:-
It refers to multimedia teaching on which organized and sequential representation
of information regarding selected first aid measures among NSS students of selected
school of Bangalore.
Knowledge :
It refers to the understanding of or information regarding selected first aid measures
among NSS students in selected school at Bangalore.
Practice:
It refers to the ability to perform or carry out the task and activities regarding selected
first aid measures among NSS students in selected schools
First aid measures:
It refers to the basic medical treatment which is given to someone immediately after
they have been hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill before regular medical aid can
19
be obtained. In this study it refers to first aid measures for selected conditions such as
falls, drowning, burns, bites, fainting and accidents.
National Social Service School students:-
It refers to the students enrolled in social services who are pursuing higher education in
selected school, Bangalore.
6.6 (D) RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H1: There will be significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding selected first
aid measures among NSS student in selected schools after post test.
H1: There will be significant difference in the level of practice regarding selected first aid
measures among NSS student in selected schools after post test.
6.7(E) LIMITATIONS
The study is limited to NSS students who are available during the data collection.
The study is limited only for 4 weeks
The study is limited only to NSS students.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
20
This chapter gives a pre-experimental method research design, variables, the
setting of the study, research tool, and methods of data collection and plan for data
analysis.
7.1 Sources of data
Data will be collected from NSS students aged between 12-15 years who were
studying in selected schools, Bangalore.
7.2 Methods of data collection
I. Research design
Pre experimental method were adopted by the researcher for this study
II. Research approach
One group pre-test posttest approach
III. Population
The target populations of the study will be all the NSS students who are studying 6-
10th class in selected schools, Bangalore.
IV. Sample size
60 NSS students who met inclusion criteria.
V. Variables
Dependent variables
Knowledge and practice of NSS students in selected school at Bangalore
Independent variables
Video assisted teaching programme on selected first aid among NSS students
Demographic variables
21
Age, Sex, Class of study, Duration of being as a NSS, Previous participation
in a class regarding first aid measures, Participation as a first aid team member,
previous exposure to a programme regarding first aid measures
VI. Setting
The study is conducted in selected high schools Bangalore.
VII. Criteria for sample selection
a) Inclusion criteria
- Male and female students who were studying and enrolled in NSS
-NSS students who know to read and write English and Kannada language
- NSS students who are present at time of study
b) Exclusion criteria
NSS students who are not willing to participate in the study
Students who are not enrolled in NSS
VIII. Sampling Technique
Non probability –purposive or judgmental type of sampling technique.
IX. Tool for data collection
Content validity of tool will be ascertained with the help of the guide and experts in
field of community health nursing. Reliability of tool will be establishing by split half
method. The tentative period for data collection will be for 4 weeks done
X. Methods of data collection
22
Data collection tool consisting of Demographic Performa and a structured
questionnaire schedule, to assess the knowledge of student regarding first aid
measures on health. The practice will be assessed by using checklist.
XI. Plan for data analysis
The data will be analyses by using descriptive and inferential statistics, Statistical
analysis
a) Descriptive statistics
Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, percentage distribution, will be used to
assess the knowledge regarding first aid measures.
b) Inferential statistics
Paired’ t’ will be done to compare the pre and post-test knowledge scores regarding
selected first aid measures .A chi –square test (X2) will be used to determine
association between the knowledge score and selected demographic variable.
Correlation test will be used to determine the post test knowledge with the level of
practice regarding first aid measures among NSS students.
Projected outcomes
After the study, the NSS students will be able to perform first aid measures.
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to the patient or other
human being or animal?
No
Only a structured teaching programme will be given for the sample as
intervention
Has ethical clearance been obtained from the concerned authority to conduct
the study?
23
Yes
- Ethical clearance will be obtained from Indian Academy College of Nursing
Bangalore-43
- Confidentially and anonymity of the subjects will be maintained
8. Bibliography
24
1. A.H Surya Kantha. Community Medicine with Recent Advantage. Edition 6th.New
Delhi: Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers; 2004.
2. Sunity Patney. Textbook of Community Health Nursing. First Edition. Delhi: Modern
Publishers; 2005.
3. K .Park. Park’s Text book of preventive and social medicine. 18thedition. Jabalpur
India: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2005.
4. K .Park. Park’s Text book of preventive and social medicine. 20thedition. Jabalpur
India: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2008
5. International Harmonization of First Aid – First recommendations on lifesaving
techniques
6. Prabhjot Saini, P Ranadive, R Mahal. Study of knowledge of first aid management
and emergency care in burn patients. The nursing journal in India. July-2009; volume:
c no.7. Page no-163-165.
7. Ajay Singh. First aid and emergency care. 8th editions.Published by -N.R Brothers:
2004.
8. First aid .Available from Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.htt:// www.google.com.
9. Dr. Shashank. V. Parulekar, First aid. Third Edition. VORA Medical publications;
2004.
10. Parul Dutta, “Pediatric Nursing”, 1st Edition, Jaypee Publications, New Delhi, 2007,
30-31.
11. Mrs. R S Thambulwadkar, “Pediatric Nursing”, 2nd Edition, Vora Medical
Publications, Bombay, 1999, 20-46.
12. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/social-
Services.html#ixzz2GsDYdVwF
13. susairaj.blogspot.com/2005/03/effectiveness-of-video-assisted.html.
25
14. Parker M C, Health Education for the preadolescent: Basic first aid, J School Health
49(5):266
15. Miller and Spicer; Legal Liability: The consequences of School injury, Journal of
school health, Vol.77, Issue 5, page 273-279; 2007 April 6.
16. World Health Organization, Global burden of Diseases estimates, 2006.
17. A field study of first aid knowledge and attitudes of college students in Kuwait
University.(2006)
18. www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijone...2...2...\\
19. Primary school children are able to perform basic life-saving first aid measures.
Jun; 80(6):689-92. Epub 2009 April.
20. Myklebust AG, Østringen K ., (2011). Effects of first aid training in the kindergarten--
a pilot study. 2011 Feb 28; 19:13. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-19-13.
21. Martins CB, Andrade SM. (2008) conducted a study on accidents with foreign bodies
in children less than 15 years of age: epidemiological analysis of first aid services,
hospitalizations, and deaths.
22. Abbas A, Bukhari SI, Ahmad F. 2011 Knowledge of first aid and basic life support
amongst medical students: a comparison between trained and un-trained students. Jun;
61(6):613-6.
23. Afrasyab Khan,Sumaira Shaikh .,(2010) cross-sectional study to assess knowledge,
attitude and practices of first aid measures in undergraduate students of Karachi.
24. Knowledge, attitude and practices of relief workers regarding first aid measures.
Delavar MA, Gholami G, Ahmadi L, Moshtaghian R. 2012 Mar; 62(3):218-21
25. www.ncrb.org
26. www.censusindia.gov.org
27. www.who.org
26
28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2ed . 2 vols.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.
29. Basavanthappa B T, “Nursing Research”, 2nd Edition, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi,
2007; 92.
30. Parnell M, Pearson J, Galletly D C, Larsen P D; Department of surgery and
Anesthesia Wellington school of medicine, New Zealand. “Knowledge and attitudes
towards resuscitation in New Zealand high school. Emerg Medical Journal; 2006
December; 23(12); 899-902.7.
31. Erasu, Muthu M. A. MeeraRavishankar. First aid. First Edition. Publishers-Sura
Books (pvt) ltd; January-2003.
32. National service scheme (India) .Available from http://nss.nic.in /index.asp.
33. First aid–Available from Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia URL:http//www.nlh.in
34. First Aid and Emergency Treatment Guide
medindia http://www.medindia.net/patients/firstaid.asp#ixzz2HT5JKzdx
27
9. Signature of the candidate :
10. Remarks of the guide :
11. Name and designation of :
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature :
11.3 Co-guide :
11.4 Signature :
11.5 Head of the department :
11.6 Signature :
12. Remarks of the Principal :
12.1 Signature :
28