r&g atx v9.2.1 [14-07-2014]

Planning R&G for Access transmission

Classification C3 of 33

Template 1v0 Comercial in Confidence – Copyright Vodafone 2011

Planning R&G for Access transmisson

Document History

Version Notes Author Date Approval

Date

8.1 First draft for discussion, after 8.0 Dennis de Bruin 15-11-2013

9.0 Final version, after small aterations of

verstion 8.1 Dennis de Bruin 13-01-2014 13-01-2014

9.1 Alteration of section 5.3.6 on the

configuration selection to increase clarity Dennis de Bruin 24-04-2014 24-04-2014

9.2 Alteration on the capacity demands to be

able to handle LTE-Advanced . Dennis de Bruin 04-07-2014 04-07-2014

9.2.1 Two errors have been removed (4.5.2.3

and 5.5.1) Dennis de Bruin 14-07-2014 14-07-2014




Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 General strategy ............................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2.1 Future proof design ................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2.2 Economical and technical viable ......................................................................................................... 5

1.2.3 Quality ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.3 General goal ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Exception handling.......................................................................................................................................... 6

2. Total network overview ......................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Core transport network ................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Access transport network ............................................................................................................................. 7

3. Planning framework ............................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Media ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1.1 Copper leased lines.................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1.2 Fiber connections ....................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1.3 Radio backhaul ......................................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Protocols ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.1 Protocol options ....................................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.2 Customer demands ................................................................................................................................ 11

3.3 Location definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.1 Fiber Towers ............................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 Fiber Nodes ................................................................................................................................................. 12

3.3.3 Sites ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.4 VPN sites ...................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.3.5 ECS locations / KSD indoor locations ............................................................................................. 13

3.4 Routing and switching equipment ........................................................................................................ 13

3.4.1 Microwave equipment ........................................................................................................................... 13

3.4.2 PTN equipment ......................................................................................................................................... 13

3.4.3 RXI ................................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.4.4 DXX equipment ......................................................................................................................................... 13

4. General planning guidelines .............................................................................................................14

4.1 Topology evolution ...................................................................................................................................... 14

4.2 Medium selection ......................................................................................................................................... 14

4.3 Expected changes of medium per location type ............................................................................ 14

4.3.1 Fiber Towers ............................................................................................................................................... 14




4.3.2 Fiber Nodes ................................................................................................................................................. 15

4.3.3 Regular radio sites ................................................................................................................................... 15

4.3.4 Client Specific Coverage (indoor) ..................................................................................................... 15

4.3.5 Small cells ................................................................................................................................................... 15

4.3.6 VPN customers ......................................................................................................................................... 15

4.3.7 ECS customers .......................................................................................................................................... 15

4.4 Trends from the medium selection ...................................................................................................... 15

4.5 Capacity selection ........................................................................................................................................ 15

4.5.1 Capacity capabilities ............................................................................................................................... 16

4.5.2 Capacity demand per technology .................................................................................................... 16

4.5.3 Capacity demand per location ........................................................................................................... 17

5. Microwave planning guidelines .......................................................................................................19

5.1 Topology choices .......................................................................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Amount of links per FT or FN .............................................................................................................. 19

5.1.2 Amount of cascaded links.................................................................................................................... 19

5.1.3 Constraints .................................................................................................................................................. 19

5.2 Hardware selection ...................................................................................................................................... 20

5.2.1 Implementing a new microwave link .............................................................................................. 20

5.2.2 Change of an existing microwave link ............................................................................................ 20

5.3 Planning guide ............................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.1 Frequency band selection ................................................................................................................... 21

5.3.2 Ensure proper High/Low configuration ......................................................................................... 21

5.3.3 Bandwidth and modulation selection ............................................................................................ 21

5.3.4 Channel and polarization selection ................................................................................................. 21

5.3.5 Antenna selection ................................................................................................................................... 22

5.3.6 Configuration selection ........................................................................................................................ 23

5.3.7 Splitter or coupler selection ............................................................................................................... 23

5.3.8 Waveguide selection .............................................................................................................................. 23

5.4 Availability demands ................................................................................................................................... 23

5.4.1 Ground rules .............................................................................................................................................. 23

5.5 Availability and interference calculations .......................................................................................... 24

5.5.1 Selection of ADM or fixed modulation............................................................................................ 24

5.5.2 Selection of ATPC or RTPC .................................................................................................................. 25

5.5.3 Availability calculation .......................................................................................................................... 25

5.5.4 Interference calculations ..................................................................................................................... 25

6. Glossary .....................................................................................................................................................27

7. Appendix A: Settings in the planning tool ....................................................................................28




7.1 ITU models ....................................................................................................................................................... 28

7.2 Atmospheric and geographic constants ............................................................................................. 28

7.3 Other calculation settings ......................................................................................................................... 29

7.3.1 Coordinate system .................................................................................................................................. 29

7.3.2 Fieldmargin ................................................................................................................................................. 29

7.3.3 Interference calculation parameters .............................................................................................. 29

8. Appendix B: The microwave frequency schemes .....................................................................30

8.1 18 GHz frequency scheme ....................................................................................................................... 30







1. Introduction

In order to provide a proper and consisten way to handle the transmission planning for the access

network, certain rules and guidelines have been established. These rules and guidelines are

discussed in this document, occasionally including an explanation on why the rule or guideline

has been devised.

1.1 Scope

The scope of this document entails the rules and guidelines for the access transmission network

of Vodafone NL.

The information in this document is intertwined with the future plans for the network and plans

for that in the Network Evolution Plan

1.2 General strategy

The general strategy is to build and maintain an access transmission network that is future proof,

and economically and technically viable.

These three requirements are equally valid for each situation. In the sections below each of them

is explained in slightly more detail on what they entail and what is to be taken into account during

the day to day planning practices.

1.2.1 Future proof design

Any planning is to be done taking the future of the network into account. This means that

generally any alteration to the planning should not be required for the near future. Only a limited

amount of alterations should occur for the mid term future, and only in the long term future

alterations may be required for every part of the network.

This future proof concept is applicable to several parts of the planning, like topology, medium,

capacity and others.

1.2.2 Economical and technical viable

Future proof, as mentioned in the previous section, means that the chosen solution is both

economical and technical viable. It is a mixture of the ways to look at it. One should attempt to

reduce both the OPEX and CAPEX as much as possible, whilst ensuring that the technical

capabilities will suit the network for a longer period.

The difficulty is in finding the balance between (timely) investments in equipment, operational

costs and the required capabilities of the network.

1.2.3 Quality

An additional important part of the strategy is the quality of the network. The availability and the

quality of service provided by the network are to be ensured at all times.

1.3 General goal

The general goal is to design a future proof and high quality network, which encompasses the

following separate items:

Sufficient capacity, not overdoing it, yet ready for the future




High quality

Resilient

These goals are the starting point for the various rules and guidelines in the chapters below.

1.4 Exception handling

When this document does not provide a clear answer on an issue or when the particular situation

is not properly handled by the rules and guidelines stated in this document, specific guidance

may be requested at the Engineering department at Vodafone NL. Or simply put, the author or

someone of the replacing him or her during absence.

When a particular request on handling backhaul cannot be handled within the parameters of the

rules and guidelines stated in this document similar guidance is to be requested.




2. Total network overview

The whole transmission network used to consist of two parts: the core transport network and the

access transmission network. By means of the ‘PTN-network’, an intermediate layer is added

between them.

The network looks generally like in Figure 1.

Figure 1: A very high level layered view of the transmission network.

2.1 Core transport network

The core transport network is a meshed network connecting the MTX locations using DWDM and

dark fiber connections. Every connection is protected and all transport between any element is

routed by this network. This is also globally shown in Figure 1.

2.2 Access transport network

An overview of the access transport network, including the PTN network is shown in Figure 2.

From top to bottom one sees the PTN3900/PTN6900 equipment at the switch and MTX locations

which form the basix of the PTN network.

Towards managed fiber disclosed locations, e.g. KPN fiber sites, a connection is made to an

PTN910 or PTN950 on the RAN site, extending the PTN network to these locations. This is done

to ensure proper handling of the QoS settings of the network and provide the right priority and

delay to the various services, since this is not handled by the managed fiber connections.

Furthermore, one sees in Figure 2 the additional fiber locations like the FT’s and EF FttS sites. The

FT’s are collection points for multiple trees of microwave links.

The EF FttS locations are connected via rings between MTX locations and/or FT’s for redundancy

and function as small FT’s. In this way fiber is brought closer to the RAN locations in order to

enable (future) capacity demands.




Figure 2: A global overview of the whole access network, including the PTN network which

provides the connection to the core transmission network.

There is a slight difference on handling the different protocols, E1’s are generally still carried

towards the FT before they are delivered to the SDH network, while IP traffic is handed as quick as

possible to any PTN equipment (fiber) found on route towards the MTX location.




3. Planning framework

This chapter describes the capabilities and possibilities for the different media, protocols,

locations and such. To know what can be done and used, is vital to the actual practice of

planning.

3.1 Media

Currently there are three main possibilities as a medium: copper leased lines, fibre connections

and microwave connections. There are other options, but they are currently deployed only when

other options are not possible, e.g. attachment to local internet connection on customer

premises and similar solutions.

3.1.1 Copper leased lines

The copper leased lines are all delivered by KPN, and connections of single E1’s on sites. The E1’s

are bundled by KPN into STM-1’s and delivered at one of the switch locations.

In order to accommodate the increasing capacity demands, the amount of leased lines per

location may become quite large. Added to that KPN will cease to deliver the service in the near

future, hence a leased line solution is definitely not a preferred option due to the relatively high

OPEX and the limited duration for which it is possible.

A proactive project will probably start to exchange all copper TDM based leased lines for another

solution.

3.1.2 Fiber connections

For fibre connections there are the older Fibre Towers and the newer FttS locations or FN’s. The

FT’s have DWDM equipment available to handle very large capacity demands. The FN’s are

equipped to (currently) handle a capacity ranging from 50 Mb/s up to 1 Gb/s.

The fiber for the FT’s and about half of the FN’s is dark fiber, while the other halve is managed

fiber.

3.1.2.1 Dark fiber

The dark fibre locations (FT’s and half of the FN’s) are placed in rings with a certain set of existing

sites that will collect the Ethernet traffic of a limited amount of surrounding sites.

The FT’s have larger capacity PTN equipment and DWDM equipment to relay the traffic.

The FN locations have relatively small PTN equipment to handle the traffic and maintain the ring

structure.

3.1.2.2 Managed fiber

The managed fibre locations will consist of a modem by the vendor with a limited but premium

(none-overbooked) capacity on a radio site and a connection on the switch location. Since only IP

traffic can be handled a small PTN910 is generally placed on site to enable at least QoS and

possibly CES.

At the MTX location the connection is done via one or more GE interfaces bundling the traffic of

multiple radio loctions. The routing for each separate location is handled by unique VLAN’s. The

actual available capacity at the radio location varies with the demand.




There are currently two potential vendors of managed fiber:

ECS (internal solution, used when ECS is already present on the location for other

services)

KPN (commercial managed fiber vendor)

3.1.3 Radio backhaul

By far the largest amount of radio sites are backhauled via a microwave connection. Other options

are currently under investigation.

3.1.3.1 Microwave connections

Currently equipment of four different vendors is deployed in the network:

DMC-Stratex (SPII)

Siemens (SRA-L and SRAL-XD)

Ericsson (MINI-LINK Traffic Node or ML TN)

SIAE (AL, AS and ASN series)

The equipment has different capabilities, mainly due to the age and the technology at the

moment of procurement. In the following sections some of the particularities of the equipment is

described. Much more detailed information can be found in the manuals by the vendors.

For all equipment in this section, there is a clear license requirement which provides protection

from interference from others.

3.1.3.1.1 SPII

The SPII equipment is old and not capable of handling IP. Therefore, it has been decided that the

SPII hardware is to be replaced by new equipment when a change is to be made on the

connection. At the moment of writing less than 5 links exist in the network, they will be removed

within a year.

3.1.3.1.2 SRA-L /SRAL-XD

The SRA-L and SRA-XD are comparable to the SPII equipment, the incompatibility with IP make

that the approach is similar: replacement when a change has to be made to the connection. At

the moment of writing less than 80 links exist in the network, they will probably be completely

removed within 1-2 years.

3.1.3.1.3 MINI-LINK TN

No investments are done to upgrade/change the MINI-LINK TN equipment. But since much more

than the DMC-Stratex and Siemens exist (about 500 of them) and they are IP capable, the

decrease will not be as fast as for the other two vendors.

3.1.3.1.4 AL / AS / ASN

The latest equipment from SIAE is the preferred hardware for microwave connections.

Specifically the large range in modulation and options for adaptive modulation make this vendor

the currently preferred option by Vodafone.

3.1.3.2 Semi-licensed microwave connections

A new frequency band is slowly coming available, the 60 GHz band. Since this particular band is

very limited in propagation capabilities, the Regulator has decided op the option of ‘light-

licensing’. This means that the Regulator will not verify interference, it will only register the




connection. But since all connections can be found on one location, believed is that the various

users will take heed of the frequency space already in use for each connection.

The particular band is limited in propagation, which means that the maximum possible distance is

less than 1 km. Furthermore, the first option available are not quite adaptable on modulation,

bandwidth and output power, thus apart from some pilots, a large roll out is not expected yet.

3.1.3.3 NLOS connections

The use of None-LOS radio connections, using a frequency below 6 GHz is an option to backhaul

the traffic of smaller sites. However, one is to bear in mind that all these frequencies are none-

licensed, thus highly limited in output power. Hence, the possibilities to overcome distances,

interference from others and such are quite limited.

No further steps than pilots have been taken to investigate the possibilities.

3.2 Protocols

Several different protocols are currently in use in the network. This particular section describes

the current and the future way they are handled. One is to bear in mind that the protocol is

basically independent of the medium, but not nessecarily of the service or chosen solution.

3.2.1 Protocol options

There are multiple protocols possible, but basically they are split into two variations:

TDM

IP

ATM is actually transported via TDM, so for the transmission network it is not an additional

protocol.

TDM is found to be either PDH or SDH and used where it is still required. The IP traffic is mainly

devided into physical port types (electrical or optical) and capacity (FE, GE or 10GE) interfaces.

3.2.2 Customer demands

The access transmission network handles different ‘customers’, each with different requirements

for the connection.

3.2.2.1 GSM protocols

Currently all GSM traffic is handled via TDM. This means that on site locations E1 interfaces are

used and at the MTX location the traffic is aggregated onto STM-1 connections. The E1’s may be

handled via CES in the network and delivered at the MTX location in STM-1’s but this does not

affect the operation of the GSM site itself. In the near future it may be the case that the A-bis

interface will become IP based, but for not this is not the case yet.

3.2.2.2 UMTS protocols

The UMTS sites relay the traffic in three possible ways:

All TDM

Dual stack (TDM for synchronization and voice, while HSPA is done via IP)

Single stack (all via IP)

The actual used solution depends on the location and requirements of the site. The general

solution will become an all-IP backhaul for 3G.




3.2.2.3 LTE protocols

The backhaul for LTE is done via IP, no other solution is supported.

3.2.2.4 ECS services

ECS supplies IP connectivity to customer premesses and where a direct solution like fiber is not

possible the extensive RAN backhaul network (access transmission network) is used to relay the

traffic via microwave connections. This is the reverse of the managed fiber provided by ECS to the

mobile network, here the mobile transmission network provides connectivity for ECS.

Generally the demand for these services may consist of two parts:

Premium (a guaranteed bandwidth)

Best effort (the bandwidth is available, but shared with others)

3.3 Location definitions

The RAN network depends on several thousands of locations, which are defined for transmission

purposes by the amount of traffic that they relay. Each of these is briefly described in the sections

below.

3.3.1 Fiber Towers

Fiber Towers (FN’s) are a limited amount (about 60) of high structures that have the following

properties:

Part of the dark fiber meshed network

Steelwork and permissions for at least 15-20 microwave links

Virtually permanent access to the premises

They function as large collection point for many microwave links.

3.3.2 Fiber Nodes

Fiber Nodes (FN’s) are present in two variations: stand alone or hub.

3.3.2.1 Stand alone FN’s

Stand alone FN’s are locations that have a fiber connection but do not relay traffic of other

locations, this may have various causes of which two are most common:

No other option possible but a managed service for relaying the traffic (no LOS, no

permissions) and higher than copper leased line capacity demand.

Incidentally close to existing fiber making it a very good and economical solution.

Most often the first case makes it an KPN FN, the second one an EF FN.

3.3.2.2 Hub FN’s

Hub FN’s are locations that have a fiber connection and relay traffic for additional sites that is

collected via microwave links. Since multiple sites are relayed, access to the equipment should

preferably be 24/7.

3.3.3 Sites

A ‘regular’ site has no special additions to accommodate the transmission network. This means

that a regular amount of antennas is possible. There is usually no additional cabinet for the indoor

equipment; hence it must be placed inside the RBS (outdoor sites) or in a regular transmission

cabinet (indoor sites). Here the demand for round the clock access is not as pressing as for the

other locations, but it is always something important to consider.




3.3.4 VPN sites

VPN sites are all connected via a copper leased line to the core transmission network to provide

connectivity between the network and the PABX of the customer.

These locations will all be under scrutiny to alter the transmission as the change towards an all-IP

network will affect this as well.

3.3.5 ECS locations / KSD indoor locations

These locations always have a specific solution and will always be a tail site, when it is connected

via a microwave link. When it is connected via fiber; it will be via a managed service not in a dark

fiber ring.

For each of these a specific solution is devised, chosen as close as possible to the standard

solutions.

3.4 Routing and switching equipment

As the capacity of the network is constantly increasing, switching and/or x-connect equipment is

(going to be) placed more and more in the access transmission network.

3.4.1 Microwave equipment

The microwave equipment, both SIAE and Ericsson, contains a switch in the indoor units. This

switch is used to route the IP traffic.

For locations where the specific capabilities of the PTN series equipment is not required all the

Ethernet traffic routing will be done by using the build-in switches in the microwave equipment.

3.4.2 PTN equipment

The PTN series from Huawei is being deployed to accommodate the required switching for the

MTX locations, FT’s and FN’s.

The PTN3900 and PTN6900 are placed at the MTX locations, since they can handle larger

capacities and have specific functionality.

At the FT’s the PTN3900 is placed to handle many incoming traffic via multiple ports from the

large amount of microwave links.

The PTN950 is generally placed on hub FN’s and the PTN910 on stand alone FN’s to provide the

connection to the fiber network.

3.4.3 RXI

The RXI is handling and grooming all the Iub traffic on ATM by changing the delivered channeled

STM-1’s from the access transmission network into un-channeled STM-1’s connected to the RNC.

This will remain the case for as long as ATM is one of the solutions for the Iub interface. The

increase of locations where single stack IP is the means of transmission for the 3G sites will

decrease the amount of RXI’s in the near future.

3.4.4 DXX equipment

The DXX equipment is currently being proactively phased out.




4. General planning guidelines

In this chapter the general planning guidelines are described. These guidelines are mostly

devised in order to fulfil the strategic goals.

Only for temporary solutions, e.g. for an event or quick solution for a trouble ticket, these

guidelines may be used loosely. For all other occasions, thus the permanent solutions, these

guidelines help to create a sturdy and future proof solution.

This chapter has 3 parts: topology, medium and capacity. The topology and medium selection are

highly connected to each other, while the capacity selection depends on both the requirements

by capability and traffic capacity.

4.1 Topology evolution

The topology is evolving further and further from an tree-and-branch network with the FT’s as

collection points towards an more distributed tree-and-branch network with the FN’s as

additional collection points.

For locations where EF FN’s or microwave connections are not possible, a FN solution with

managed fiber will be used.

Overall, one will find the network looking as depicted in Figure 2, with more and more emphasis

on the FN instead of the FT’s.

4.2 Medium selection

The medium selection, the decision on whether fiber, or microwave is used depends on the actual

location, the duration of the connection and the capacity demand.

As a rule of thumb the preferred options are as follows, from most to least preferred:

Microwave

Dark fiber

Managed fiber

Other options

Depending on the cost, the decision will most often become to select the second option due to

the distance for the fiber.

4.3 Expected changes of medium per location type

The medium to relay the traffic depends on the location type, each of these is described in the

following sections.

4.3.1 Fiber Towers

All FT’s are part of the meshed core transport network, e.g. all traffic is relayed by handing it over

to the DWDM equipment handling the core transport network.

In the future the growth of the smaller FN’s my render some of the FT’s too large and they may be

reduced into a role of FN instead of FT. The amount of FT’s will therefor not increase but slowly

decrease.




4.3.2 Fiber Nodes

The FN’s are devided into two options: dark and managed fiber. The more permanent and

economical possible locations should be using dark fiber, while the secondary option is to use

managed fiber.

The total amount of FN’s will increase to accommodate for the increased capacity demand. These

increases are mostly triggered by separate projects.

4.3.3 Regular radio sites

The ‘regular’ radio sites are connected via microwave links or copper leased lines. These locations

will decrease due to the increase of FN’s, e.g. less sites will be using microwave links as more FN’s

will be deployed.

Locations using TDM leased lines will be transferred to either FN, microwave or a new solution.

4.3.4 Client Specific Coverage (indoor)

KSD’s will have the same treatment as the regular radio sites that have copper leased lines, since

the increasing capacity demand cannot be handled by the E1’s.

Thus these locations will be transferred to either FN, microwave of a new solution.

4.3.5 Small cells

The backhaul of traffic of small cells will depend highly on the chosen solutions for these small

cells. It may become, fiber or a radio backhaul solution. At the moment of writing there is no clear

decision on this.

4.3.6 VPN customers

The VPN customers are currently attached via copper leased lines, this should be altered

according to the availability of other solutions.

4.3.7 ECS customers

The ECS customers are always handled via microwave links, since only when fiber cannot be

arranged by ECS, the help of the access transmission network is required.

4.4 Trends from the medium selection

The trends shown for the medium selection are as follows:

No more copper leased lines for E1’s

Decrease of the amount of FT’s

Increase of the amount of FN’s

Overall it is a shift from TDM toward IP, going along with an increase in capacity, invoking an

increase in fiber and relatively stable amount of high capacity microwave links.

4.5 Capacity selection

The capacity selection is the initial choice on the required capacity per location. Measurements

on the actual utilization or congestion may give rise to capacity increases for specific paths or

hops.




4.5.1 Capacity capabilities

Every chosen medium has specific capacity capabilities, these are given in the brief descriptions

below.

4.5.1.1 Fiber Nodes

The capacity capability per FN depends on whether it is managed or dark fiber.

4.5.1.1.1 MANAGED FIBER

The capacity of managed fiber delivered by KPN is shown in Table 1.

Site type 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Stand alone 25 35 50 75 100 150 200

Hub

150 210 300 450 600 750 1000

Weighted average 4:1 50 70 100 150 200 270 360

Table 1: The available capacity for the FN's according to the contract without cost increase.

4.5.1.1.2 DARK FIBER

The Eurofiber Fibre Nodes are connected in a ring and share a minimum capacity of 1 Gb/s on

that ring. As the average amount of sites handled per ring will be about 20, the average available

capacity per site is approximately 50 Mb/s.

A capacity increase of the whole ring to 10 Gb/s will be performed once capacity monitoring

shows the necessity for that measure.

4.5.1.2 Microwave connections

The latest microwave links can handle quite some capacity, currently up to 341 Mb/s.

4.5.1.3 Copper leased lines

Every copper leased line has a maximum capacity of only 1 E1, e.g. 2 Mb/s. Hence, this is not a

future proof solution to be used.

4.5.2 Capacity demand per technology

Each technology has different capacity demands, briefly depicted in the sections below.

4.5.2.1 2G

GSM and DCS are generally requiring 1 E1 per site, though some locations require more capacity,

up to 2 E1’s per location per frequency.

4.5.2.2 3G

The 3G capacity requirements are mainly depending on the speedcode scheme they are part of,

as well as the amount of carriers per site. This is easiest depicted in Table 2 for the sites that are

using TDM only and dual stack for the traffic.

When the site is using single stack, one should have the total Tx capacity available in IP capacity.




Speed code Carriers TDM HSPA capacity IP capacity on TX (Mb/s)

4 4 E1’s 7.2 0

4 2 E1’s 7.2 10

3 2 E1’s 14.4 18

2 2 E1’s 21.6 28

1 2 E1’s 28.8 36

2 3 E1’s

3 4 E1’s

Table 2: The capacity demand for the 3G locations in the network for initial planning, actual

measurements and/or congestion may alter this per site.

In Table 2 one sees that the largest part on the capacity increase for the TDM part is due to the

increased signaling capacity when additional carriers are present on the location.

4.5.2.3 LTE

LTE capacity demands are very high per technology, Table 3 is the applicable planning guideline.

4.5.2.4 VPN customers

The VPN customers do not have a common connection as the other locations, hence the

capacity for these, until a replacement of the lease lines is possible, remains at 1 E1 for each

connection.

4.5.2.5 ECS customers

The ECS customers have varying capacity demands for both premium and best effort services.

This provides specific demands on the actual capacity to be reserved for them.

The last microwave link is only used by the ECS customer and the PTN network has a high

capacity available, hence for these no restrictions apply other than the requested bandwidth.

Only when a microwave link is shared with other sites one should take care on the total capacity

available for the service.

The following rules apply for shared microwave links:

If the maximum possible capacity on the hop minus the capacity theoretically used by

the site(s) (cumulative), according to the sections above, is larger than the requested

premium capacity, it can be granted.

When the rule above is not feasible, one is to confer with the responsible person at

Vodafone

For best effort services the rule above can be used much more lenient, but one is to verify the

actual utilization when the requested best effort capacity exceeds 25% of the maximum possible

capacity on the microwave link before implementing the connection.

4.5.3 Capacity demand per location

For the wireline solutions the capacity is set by either the managed fiber provider or the

connector used on either end.




The demand per location depends on the technologies (2G, 3G and/or LTE) on site, and whether

the location is a tail site or a relay point in the network.

In Table 3 one sees the capacity requirements depending on the technologies on the location for

tail locations.

GSM DCS 3G LTE800 LTE1800 LTE2600 Capacity (Mb/s)

x 171‡

x 171‡

x 171‡

x x x 171‡

x x x x 341†

x x x x x x 341†

Table 3: The minimum capacity demand for various locations in the network for initial planning,

actual measurements and/or congestion may alter this per site.

Notes, explanations: † When LTE800 and LTE1800 are co-located, the bandwidth of the microwave link is to be 56 MHz

in order to enable the larger throughput per user due to the carrier aggregation in the radio

parameters. The highest modulation is to be chosen: 256QAM. If this is not possible, the

exception handling procedure applies. ‡ When LTE is present on site, except for the case described above, the bandwidth of the

microwave link is to be 28 MHz using the highest possible modulation of 256QAM. If this is not

possible, the exception handling procedure applies (section 1.4).

When multiple hops are required, which should be minimized at all times, then an additional

capacity demand comes in to play:

The capacity demand of each location is to be multiplied by 0.5 and all are then to be

added to find the new total minimal capacity requirement.

The total required capacity as stated in Table 2 (no LTE present) and Table 3 (LTE

present), is to ensured for each site end to end.

When the total minimal capacity requirement exceed the maximum possible capacity, the

exception handling procedure applies (section 1.4)..




5. Microwave planning guidelines

For planning of microwave links, a specific set of rules and guidelines are applicable in order to

provide a future proof network.

5.1 Topology choices

The choices for the topology, or put differently, the A-end selection for microwave links is altered

quite a lot due to the introduction of many Fibre Nodes capable of handling large quantities of

traffic.

One has to take the following into account for this particular decision:

Amount of links per FT or FN

Amount of cascaded links

Contract with the landlord

Wind load

LOS possibilities

Upcoming changes in the network

Access to the A-end

In the sections below a more detailed description is given, but the largest factor is whether the

capacity demands of the site at hand can be handled by the A-end. E.g. the proximity to a Fibre

Node becomes essential, as well as the amount of locations relayed by the FN.

5.1.1 Amount of links per FT or FN

The amount of microwave links per FT or FN is not restricted, it merely depends on the possible

restrictions below.

The amount of locations backhauled by a FT is not restricted either, since the developments are

decreasing these numbers. The amount of locations by a dark fiber FN is limited, yet flexible:

An average of 25 locations backhauled per EF ring

An average of 5 locations actual part of the EF ring

Makes an average of 4 locations connected via microwave to an dark fiber FN

For the managed fiber FN’s there is no clear limitation on the amount of microwave links, but the

same amount of 5 (the one itself and 4 via microwave) locations per fiber connection is a proper

guideline. When it exceeds 8 locations it is to be verified whether another solution is not possible.

5.1.2 Amount of cascaded links

The guideline is to go for a no cascaded microwave links network, thus all connections should in

the end ideally become only one hop. For existing connections that are not being altered the

already present number may remain. If exceptions are required due to the restrictions given

below it is possible. The expectation is that the average amount of cascaded links will decrease as

more and more microwave links can use additional Fibre Nodes as a relay point.

5.1.3 Constraints

The constraints in planning and deployment of microwave links are contracts (permissions), wind

load and LOS possibilities.

5.1.3.1 Landlord contracts

The contracts with landlords tend to limit the amount of antennas on a site.




This limitation is to be taken into account when an A-end is to be selected. It may be wise to

retain possible antenna positions on specific locations.

5.1.3.2 Wind load

When the wind load on the antennas may become too large for the structure, one may have to

reconsider selecting the A-end. The redevelopment of a site is relatively expensive compared to

selecting a different A-end.

5.1.3.3 LOS possibilities

Only when the Line of Sight required for the to-be-deployed microwave link is sustainable for a

longer period the A-end can be selected.

5.1.3.4 Site accessability

When it is known that a site has limited access, either by contract or construction, then it

decreases the likelihood to select that particular location as an A-end up to the point that it

cannot be used at all.

For HVP’s the accessability takes too long to use them as an A-end at all.

5.2 Hardware selection

The selection of the hardware and vendor to be used depends on the situation, whether it is the

upgrade of an existing connection or a new connection.

5.2.1 Implementing a new microwave link

For all new links the latest equipment is to be deployed:

ODU’s: ASN series, an exception may be extremely short links in 38 GHz with AS series

IDU’s: ALCplus2e series.

5.2.2 Change of an existing microwave link

For existing connections the change is primarily an upgrade of the capacity of the microwave link.

Here the selection on the hardware is different.

SPII, SRA-L and SRAL-XD:

o The existing equipment is to be removed and replaced by equipment as if it is a

new connection.

MINI-LINK TN:

o The existing equipment is to be removed and replaced by equipment as if it is a

new connection.

SIAE AL series:

o When the upgrade is required for LTE the IDU and possibly the ODU is to

replaced. When the upgrade is requied for other technologies and it can be done

remotely, the existing hardware can remain in place. More simple: If a site visit is

required it is to become a future proof connection.

5.3 Planning guide

The sections in this part can be read as a guide through the process of planning a microwave link:

Frequency band selection

Ensure proper High/Low configuration

Bandwidth and modulation selection

Channel and polarization selection




Antenna selection

Configuration selection

Splitter or coupler selection

Use of waveguides

5.3.1 Frequency band selection

The available frequency bands for the Vodafone Netherlands network are 18, 23, 32 and 38 GHz.

In order to use the available frequency space in an efficient way, the following rule is to be

followed:

One is to use the highest frequency band that is possible

Thus the preferred selection sequence is first 38, followed by 32, 23 and 18 GHz. ‘Possible’ in the

rule means: whilst ensuring the required availability figures. There is a clear limit in lowering the

frequency band with regard to the distance, which is given by the Regulator in Table 4.

Frequency band Minimal distance <140 Mb/s Minimal distance ≥140 Mb/s

18 5 km 3 km

23 5 km 3 km

32 2.5 km 1 km

38 0 km (no minimum) 0 km (no minimum)

Table 4: The minimum distance matching the capacity of the microwave link and the frequency

band.

The idea is not to ‘waste’ frequency space on the lower bands for microwave links that would

operate nicely with in a higher frequency band.

5.3.2 Ensure proper High/Low configuration

Straightforward:

No High/Low conflict is allowed in the network.

5.3.3 Bandwidth and modulation selection

The bandwidth and modulation are to be selected according to the capacity requirements earlier

in this document. Previously the capacity demands were not as large as currently, hence a

thorough selection was needed.

5.3.4 Channel and polarization selection

The selection of a frequency channel consists in the actual channel selection and the

polarization selection. The rules are as follows:

F1 (H) – F1 (V) – F2 (H) – F2 (V) – F3 (H) - …

When the link is shorter than 1.5 km, the preferred option is to use H over V.

Thus the preferred polarization is Horizontal and the channels are to be selected according to the

schemes in Appendix B: The microwave frequency schemes.




5.3.5 Antenna selection

The antenna selection concerns the size and the type of antenna, both affect the actual

operation of the microwave connection quite a lot. Each of these are discussed in the sections

below.

5.3.5.1 Antenna size selection

The selection of the antenna size depends on multiple factors:

The rules of the regulator

Dish permissions by the landlord

Wind load on the site

The required availability figures

The Regulator uses the scheme as shown

Frequency range (GHz) Antenna size (m)

< 10 1.2

10 to 20 0.6

> 20 0.3

Table 5: The directives from the Regulator on the antenna size.

Preferred is the following rule:

Use the smallest antenna possible to please the landlord and reduce the wind load

following the scheme from the regulator

However, one may decide on a larger dish than stated according to the rules of the Regulator for

the following reasons:

Ensuring the availability

Avoiding interference

The use of a smaller antennas related to each frequency band than indicated in Table 5 is not

allowed by the regulator and will therefore not be used.

5.3.5.2 Selecting dual polarized links / antennas

The key rules on using cross polarized links using the same frequency:

Output powers are to be the same (thus the availability of Horizontal configurations is

leading)

Modulation cannot be higher than 32QAM (due to the limitation on the C/I demands and

the discrimination thereof by the polarization)

Thus one should be very, very carefull planning two cross-polarized microwave links, concerning

the availability and interference, e.g. modulation and power, certainly with using adaptive

modulation and ATPC.

When a dual polarized link cannot be avoided, one is pressed to avoid the use of dual polarized

antennas when possible. The use of one antenna per connection is definitely the preferred

configuration. However, in certain cases where it cannot be avoided, dual polarized antennas can

be deployed. The reasons for the utilization of dual polarized antennas can for example be a

restriction on the implementation of two antennas.




5.3.6 Configuration selection

The microwave link may be implemented with MSP 1+1 hardware protection. Hardware

protection (MSP 1+1) is only to be applied when the accessibility to the site(s) may cause an issue

to make repairs. It is possible to deviate from this rule in certain cases after consulting the

engineering department.

Some examples:

An HVP is straightforward, access is hard to arrange since the power generally has to be

rerouted, which takes more than one week to arrange.

Industrial chimneys, advertising masts and wind turbines often require a crane or

cherrypicker to access the equipment, taking quite some time to arrange, thus

protection is commonly used.

A location with an indoor solution and microwave backhaul with only access during

office hours has definitely no need for hardware protection, since at the moment there is

no access, there won’t be any users that would be affected by a failure

Regular masts are always accessible, no protection

Residential buildings generally have a key safe to grant access, hence no protection

needed

Implementing MSP 1+1 protection should be logical. Since safety regulation prohibits one to

access high places during the night, one could reason that even masts should get hardware

protection to meet repair times, yet this is not applicable. Thus other locations like residential

buildings and offices should be treated similarly.

In general only HVP’s, chimneys and such will have MSP 1+1 protection, not any other site type.

5.3.7 Splitter or coupler selection

When a links is to have hardware protection the preferred option is to use symmetrical

splitters/couplers in contrast to asymmetric splitters/couplers.

Asymmetric splitter/couplers are only to be used in order assure the proper operation

(availability) of the microwave link.

5.3.8 Waveguide selection

The deployment of waveguide is, due to the relatively fragile nature thereof, to be avoided at all

times. It is possible to deviate from this rule in exceptional cases after consulting the engineering

department.

5.4 Availability demands

The availability calculations are to be performed properly to ensure the quality of the network.

5.4.1 Ground rules

The ground rules are as follows:

The availability of a microwave link is to be 99.995% or better, due to rain influences.

Interference is not permitted and is to be estimated using the calculation tool by using

the relevant output powers and receive levels of the links at hand.

The location definition, e.g. the coordinates and the height of the location and antennas

are to be as precise as possible.




For the first two rules, the detailed implication using adaptive modulation and ATPC or RTPC per

microwave link are found in 5.5. The third rule is imperative to make a proper estimation on the

outcome of the first two rules.

5.5 Availability and interference calculations

The availability and interference calculations depend on whether a fixed modulation or adaptive

modulation is selected, as well as on the (possible) flexibility of the output power by means of

ATPC or RTPC.

5.5.1 Selection of ADM or fixed modulation

When only guaranteed services are handled by the microwave connection, e.g. TDM or equal

services that may be impared by decreasing the capacity, one is not allowed to use ADM. The

modulation is to be fixed. This, however, will not be the dominant case, in a few years these

locations will cease to exist.

When a microwave connection uses IP connections one is to use ADM at all times. This will

increase the overall availability by merely temporarily decreasing the capacity during the

attenuation by rain.

The selection of the range for the ADM depends on the capacity demands. The minimum

required capacity is described in section 4.5.3. The maximum chosen capacity when using ADM is

preferably one modulation higher than the required capacity. The lowest allowed capacity

depends on the bandwidth required for guaranteed services, like TDM traffic, synchronization and

any real time traffic like voice and video. Thus, only the purely data part is allowed to decrease in

capacity during atmospheric attenuation.

Modulation BW (MHz) Capacity (Mb/s)

4QAMs 28 36

4QAM 28 42

8PSK 28 63

16QAM 28 83

32QAM 28 104

64QAM 28 125

128QAM 28 145

256QAM 28 171

Table 6: The various modulations and the related capacity for microwave links using ALCplus2e

equipment with a bandwidth of 28 MHz.

For situations where the bandwidth is 56 MHz, not present in Table 6 , the various capacities are

different and can be found in iQ.link. The same way of handling ACM applies though. One is to

ensure the basic requirement for properly managing the minimum of capacity for vital

traffic/signalling like voice and synchronization.

The minimum value for the ADM is as follows:

When TDM (E1’s) is present: the E1’s are to be ensured

When no TDM (E1’s) is present: the lowest value is sufficient (4QAMs, e.g. 35 Mb/s)




Note!

If one allows 4QAM, one automatically allows 4QAMs as well, hence for ensuring the guaranteed

values it is as if the row of 4QAM does not exist in Table 6. But it does so in the real network.

5.5.2 Selection of ATPC or RTPC

In order to reduce the interference as much as possible, one is to use ATPC when possible.

However, to make sure that there is no unwanted interaction with ADM and reasonable benefits,

the values in the tool, as given in Table 7, are the minimal values for the border between RTPC

and ATPC.

Maximum modulation Engineering reference Minimum fade margin for ATPC

4QAM 4QAM 13

8PSK 4QAM 20

16QAM 8PSK 20

32QAM 16QAM 20

64QAM 32QAM 20

128QAM 64QAM 20

256QAM 128QAM 20

256QAM 256QAM 20

Table 7: The minimal Fade Margins (dB) to allow ATPC with regard to the maximum allowed

modulation and the engineering reference modulation.

If the fade margin is less than indicated in Table 7, RTPC is to be used.

One is to bear in mind that these parameters are set in the planning tool and one may want to

manually change them when a none-ADM microwave link is designed (which will be an

exception) the limiting fade margin for every modulations becomes 13 dB.

5.5.3 Availability calculation

The actual availability calculation is done for the engineering reference, e.g. the modulation that

is chosen to be the engineering reference. The following rule is applicable:

The engineering reference is to be the required capacity according to section 4.5.3.

The engineering reference is thus the highest or second to highest possible modulation in the

ADM range (depending on the outcome of section 5.5.1). The availability of the microwave link is

to be 99.995% for rain attenuation calculated for annual calculations.

5.5.4 Interference calculations

The interference calculations are to be done using the following parameters:

ATPC criteria swithed on (always on ‘TX ATPC’, never using ‘TX max’)

Adaptive modulation set at ‘Worst Case’ always

Evaluation of potential interference cases are to take the following items into account:

Correlated fading, the tool does not take that into account




Actual level of interfering signal compared to the noise floor of the equipment

By means of these two items one should be able to plan the actual frequencies more efficiently

than one would when merely the flag of potential interference by the tool is used.




6. Glossary

10GE 10 Gigabit Ethernet port

ADM Adaptive Modulation

ATM Asychronous Transfer Mode

ATPC Adaptive Transmit Power Control

CAPEX Capital expenses

CEPT Confederation European Post et Telephone

CES Circuit Emulation Services

DWDM Dense wavelength division multiplexing

DXX Digital X-connect equipment

E1 VC12, 2 Mb/s

EF EuroFiber, supplier of dark fiber

ETSI European Telecommunications Standard Union

FE Fast Ethernet (100 Mb/s port)

FN Fiber Node

FT Fiber Tower

FttS Fiber to the Site

GE Gigabit Ethernet port

GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunication

HVP High Voltage Pylon

IP Internet Protocol

ITU International Telecommunications Union

KPN Supplier of managed fiber and E1 leased lines

KSD Klant Specifieke Dekking (Customer specific coverage)

LAN Local Area Network

LOS Line Of Sight

MSP Multiplexer Switching Protection

MTTR Mean Time to Repair

MTX Mobile Transmission switch location

NLOS None-Line Of Sight

OPEX Operational Expenses

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PTN Circuit and packet routing equipment by Huawei

QAM Quadruple Amplitude Modulation (4, 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 are possible)

QoS Quality of Service

R&G Rules and guidelines

RTPC Remote Transmit Power Control

RXI ATM switch for 3G traffic

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

STM-1 SDH circuit containing 63 E1’s or 151 Mb/s

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

VLAN Virtual LAN

VPN Virtual Private Network




7. Appendix A: Settings in the planning tool

In the tool some settings are to be set in order to ensure that the calculations will be performed

according to the wishes of the users and adjusted to the atmospheric and geographical location

of the microwave links.

7.1 ITU models

The calculations are to be performed according to the Dutch Regulator, e.g. according to the

method explained in the ITU, ETSI and CEPT recommendations.

For attenuation losses mainly the following recommendations are used:

ITU-R P.525-2

ITU-R P.530-11

For fading mechanisms mainly the following recommendations are used:

ITU-R P.530-11

ITU-R P.841-4

ITU-R P.1057-1

For the quality and availability these recommendations:

ITU-T G.826

ITU-T G.827

ITU-T G.828

ITU-R F.1493 for the access portion

For the frequency channel arrangements these recommendations are used:

ITU-R F.595-12 (with Annex 5 for the small bandwidths)

ITU-R F.737-03

ITU-R F.1520-3

ITU-R F.749-01 A1

And these along with the ETSI recommendations for the channel arrangements.

7.2 Atmospheric and geographic constants

Several atmospheric and geographical constants are set in the tool. These are highly depending

on the actual geographical area where the microwave links are to be designed.

The current settings for absorption loss defaults:

Pressure: 1013 hPa

Temperature: 10 ºC

Water vapour density: 7.5 g/m3

The current settings for obstruction loss:

Climate factor: A

K factor: 1.33

Loss not exceeded: 50 % (Knife Edge method)

The current settings for rain outage:

Model: ITU-R T.837

Rain zone: F

Specific rain rate: 28 mm/h




Default availability objective: 99.995%

The currently selected design model:

ITU-R P.530-11

Settings for the design model:

Medium grade distance: 15 km

7.3 Other calculation settings

In the tool other settings are applicable, which are described in the sections below.

7.3.1 Coordinate system

The coordinate system that is used is RD (Rijks Driehoek), the official coordinate system for the

Netherlands.

7.3.2 Fieldmargin

There is a default field margin of 1 dB implemented in the tool.

7.3.3 Interference calculation parameters

They are:

C/I from ETSI 302 217-2-2 or from Vendor information

Interference threshold from ETSI 302 217-2-2 or from Vendor information

Calculation distance according to Regulator neighbouring countries coordination figures

No utilization of height data, the calculation is 2-dimensional, e.g. the benefit of height

differences is omitted.




8. Appendix B: The microwave frequency schemes

8.1 18 GHz frequency scheme

Chan no LO HI Chan no LO HI Chan no LO HI Chan. No LO HI Chan. No LO HI

A01 31 17809.75 18819.75

A02 32 17813.25 18823.25

A03 33 17816.75 18826.75

A04 34 17820.25 18830.25

A05 35 17823.75 18833.75

XA07 36 17827.25 18837.25

XA08 37 17830.75 18840.75

XA09 38 17834.25 18844.25

XA10 39 17837.75 18847.75

XA11 40 17841.25 18851.25

XA12 41 17844.75 18854.75

XA13 42 17848.25 18858.25

XA14 43 17851.75 18861.75

XA15 44 17855.25 18865.25

XA16 45 17858.75 18868.75

XA17 46 17862.25 18872.25

XA18 47 17865.75 18875.75

XA19 48 17869.25 18879.25

XA20 49 17872.75 18882.75

XA21 50 17876.25 18886.25

XA22 51 17879.75 18889.75

XA23 52 17883.25 18893.25

XA24 53 17886.75 18896.75

XA25 54 17890.25 18900.25

XA26 55 17893.75 18903.75

XA27 56 17897.25 18907.25

XA28 57 17900.75 18910.75

XA29 58 17904.25 18914.25

XA30 59 17907.75 18917.75

XA31 60 17911.25 18921.25

XA32 61 17914.75 18924.75

XA33 62 17918.25 18928.25

XA34 63 17921.75 18931.75

XA35 64 17925.25 18935.25

XA36 65 17928.75 18938.75

XA37 66 17932.25 18942.25

XA38 67 17935.75 18945.75

XA39 68 17939.25 18949.25

18832

C01 9

3.50 MHz 7.00 MHz 13.75 MHz 27.50 MHz

B01 16 17815 18825

17837.5 18847.5

B05 20 17843 18853

D05 5 17837.5

B04 19 17836 18846

C02 10

17823.75 18833.75

B03 18 17829 18839

B02 17 17822

D04 6 17865 18875

XB11 23 17864 18874

C04 12

17851.25 18861.25

XB10 22 17857 18867

XB09 21 17850 18860

C03 11

18847.5

18888

C05 13

17865 18875

XB06 24 17871 18881

17892.5 18902.5

XB13 28 17899 18909

D03 7 17892.5

XB12 27 17892 18902

C06 14

17878.75 18888.75

XB08 26 17885 18895

XB07 25 17878

18937

D02 8 17920 18930

XB16 31 17920 18930

XC08 16

17906.25 18916.25

XB15 30 17913 18923

XB14 29 17906 18916

XC07 15

18902.5

XC11 19 17961.25 18971.25

17933.75 18943.75

D01 9 17947.5

XC09 17

55.00 MHz

Channel Frequencies (18GHz)

E01

E02 4 17920 18930

3 17865 18875

XC10 18 17947.5 18957.5 18957.5

XB18 33 17934 18944

17920 18930

XB17 32 17927






XA54 115 22403.5 23411.5

XA53 116 22407 23415

XA52 117 22410.5 23418.5

XA51 118 22414 23422

XA50 119 22417.5 23425.5

XA49 120 22421 23429

XA48 121 22424.5 23432.5

XA47 122 22428 23436

XA46 123 22431.5 23439.5

XA45 124 22435 23443

XA44 125 22438.5 23446.5

XA43 126 22442 23450

XA42 127 22445.5 23453.5

XA41 128 22449 23457

XA40 129 22452.5 23460.5

XA39 130 22456 23464

XA38 131 22459.5 23467.5

XA10 132 22463 23471

XA11 133 22466.5 23474.5

XA12 134 22470 23478

XA13 135 22473.5 23481.5

XA14 136 22477 23485

XA15 137 22480.5 23488.5

XA16 138 22484 23492

XA17 139 22487.5 23495.5

XA18 140 22491 23499

XA19 141 22494.5 23502.5

XA20 142 22498 23506

XA21 143 22501.5 23509.5

XA22 144 22505 23513

XA23 145 22508.5 23516.5

XA24 146 22512 23520

XA25 147 22515.5 23523.5

XA26 148 22519 23527

XA27 149 22522.5 23530.5

XA28 150 22526 23534

XA29 151 22529.5 23537.5

XA30 152 22533 23541

XA31 153 22536.5 23544.5

XA32 154 22540 23548

XA33 155 22543.5 23551.5

XA34 156 22547 23555

XA35 157 22550.5 23558.5

XA36 158 22554 23562

XA37 159 22557.5 23565.5

A05 160 22561 23569

A04 161 22564.5 23572.5

A03 162 22568 23576

A02 163 22571.5 23579.5

A01 164 22575 23583

XA06 165 22578.5 23586.5

XA07 166 22582 23590

XA08 167 22585.5 23593.5

XA09 168 22589 23597

30 22421 23429

3.50 MHz 7.00 MHz 14.00 MHz 28.00 MHz

XB27 57 22403.5 23411.5

XC13

XB24 60 22424.5 23432.5

XB23 61 22431.5 23439.5

23422

XB26 58 22410.5 23418.5

XB25 59 22417.5 23425.5

XC12

29 22407 23415

D01 15 22414

23450

XB22 62 22438.5 23446.5

XB21 63 22445.5 23453.5

XC11 31 22435 23443

D02 16

XC10 32 22449 23457

XB20 64 22452.5 23460.5

XB19 65 22459.5 23467.5

22442

23478

XB13 66 22466.5 23474.5

XB12 67 22473.5 23481.5

XC07 33 22463 23471

D03 17

XC06 34 22477 23485

XB11 68 22480.5 23488.5

XB10 69 22487.5 23495.5

22470

23506

XB09 70 22494.5 23502.5

XB08 71 22501.5 23509.5

C07 35 22491 23499

D04 18

C06 36 22505 23513

XB07 72 22508.5 23516.5

XB06 73 22515.5 23523.5

22498

22526 23534

XB14 74 22522.5 23530.5

XB15 75 22529.5 23537.5

C05 37 22519 23527

D05 19

C04 38 22533 23541

22561 23569

XB16 76 22536.5 23544.5

XB17 77 22543.5 23551.5

22564.5 23572.5

B03 81 22571.5 23579.5

22554 23562

XB18 78 22550.5 23558.5

B05 79 22557.5 23565.5

C03 39 22547 23555

D06 20

C02 40

56.00 MHz


8

9 22526

22470 23478

23534

B01 83 22585.5 23593.5

E01

E02

C01 41 22575 23583

B02 82 22578.5 23586.5

B04 80





Chan no LO HI Chan no LO HI Chan. No LO HI Chan. No LO HI

27 32557 33369

53 32550 33362

54 32564 33376

105 32546.5 33358.5

104 32539.5 33351.5

D1

106 32553.5 33365.5

33372.5

108 32567.5 33379.5

107 32560.5

102 32525.5 33337.5

D2 26

101 32518.5 33330.5

52 32536 33348

103 32532.5 33344.5

32511.5 33323.5

C4 50

32529 33341

51 32522 33334

32501 33313

C3 49 32494 33306

98 32497.5 33309.5

D3 25

97 32490.5 33302.5

32508 33320

99 32504.5 33316.5

100

33274.5

32480 33292

95 32476.5 33288.5

96 32483.5 33295.5

C2 48

32515 33327

56.00 MHz


7.00 MHz 14.00 MHz 28.00 MHz

E1 12

32473 33285

C1 47 32466 33278

94 32469.5 33281.5

D4 24

93 32462.5






YA11 56 37252.25 38512.25

YA12 57 37255.75 38515.75

YA13 58 37259.25 38519.25

YA14 59 37262.75 38522.75

YA15 60 37266.25 38526.25

YA16 61 37269.75 38529.75

YA17 62 37273.25 38533.25

YA18 63 37276.75 38536.75

YA19 64 37280.25 38540.25

YA20 65 37283.75 38543.75

YA10 66 37287.25 38547.25

YA09 67 37290.75 38550.75

YA08 68 37294.25 38554.25

YA07 69 37297.75 38557.75

YA06 70 37301.25 38561.25

YA05 71 37304.75 38564.75

YA04 72 37308.25 38568.25

YA25 73 37311.75 38571.75

YA24 74 37315.25 38575.25

YA23 75 37318.75 38578.75

YA22 76 37322.25 38582.25

YA03 77 37325.75 38585.75

YA02 78 37329.25 38589.25

YA01 79 37332.75 38592.75

YA26 80 37336.25 38596.25

XA46 81 37339.75 38599.75

XA45 82 37343.25 38603.25

XA44 83 37346.75 38606.75

XA43 84 37350.25 38610.25

XA42 85 37353.75 38613.75

XA41 86 37357.25 38617.25

XA40 87 37360.75 38620.75

XA39 88 37364.25 38624.25

XA38 89 37367.75 38627.75

XA37 90 37371.25 38631.25

XA36 91 37374.75 38634.75

XA35 92 37378.25 38638.25

XA34 93 37381.75 38641.75

XA33 94 37385.25 38645.25

XA32 95 37388.75 38648.75

XA31 96 37392.25 38652.25

XA30 97 37395.75 38655.75

XA29 98 37399.25 38659.25

XA09 99 37402.75 38662.75

XA10 100 37406.25 38666.25

XA11 101 37409.75 38669.75

XA12 102 37413.25 38673.25

XA13 103 37416.75 38676.75

XA14 104 37420.25 38680.25

XA15 105 37423.75 38683.75

XA16 106 37427.25 38687.25

XA17 107 37430.75 38690.75

XA28 108 37434.25 38694.25

XA27 109 37437.75 38697.75

XA26 110 37441.25 38701.25

XA25 111 37444.75 38704.75

XA24 112 37448.25 38708.25

XA23 113 37451.75 38711.75

XA22 114 37455.25 38715.25

XA21 115 37458.75 38718.75

XA20 116 37462.25 38722.25

XA19 117 37465.75 38725.75

XA18 118 37469.25 38729.25

A05 119 37472.75 38732.75

A04 120 37476.25 38736.25

A03 121 37479.75 38739.75

A02 122 37483.25 38743.25

A01 123 37486.75 38746.75

XA06 124 37490.25 38750.25

XA07 125 37493.75 38753.75

XA08 126 37497.25 38757.25

16 37275 38535

3.50 MHz 7.00 MHz 14.00 MHz 28.00 MHz

YB11 29 37257.5 38517.5

YC05

YB8 32 37278.5 38538.5

YB7 33 37285.5 38545.5

38528

YB10 30 37264.5 38524.5

YB9 31 37271.5 38531.5

YC04

15 37261 38521

YD01 8 37268

38556

YB01 34 37292.5 38552.5

YB02 35 37299.5 38559.5

YC03 17 37289 38549

YD02 9

YC02 18 37303 38563

YB03 36 37306.5 38566.5

YB05 37 37313.5 38573.5

37296

38584

YB06 38 37320.5 38580.5

YB04 39 37327.5 38587.5

YC01 19 37317 38577

YD03 10

YC06 20 37331 38591

YB12 40 37334.5 38594.5

XB23 41 37341.5 38601.5

37324

38612

XB22 42 37348.5 38608.5

XB21 43 37355.5 38615.5

CX11 21 37345 38605

D01 11

CX10 22 37359 38619

XB20 44 37362.5 38622.5

XB19 45 37369.5 38629.5

37352

38640

XB18 46 37376.5 38636.5

XB17 47 37383.5 38643.5

CX09 23 37373 38633

D02 12

CX08 24 37387 38647

XB16 48 37390.5 38650.5

XB15 49 37397.5 38657.5

37380

38668

XB09 50 37404.5 38664.5

XB08 51 37411.5 38671.5

C07 25 37401 38661

D03 13

C06 26 37415 38675

XB07 52 37418.5 38678.5

XB06 53 37425.5 38685.5

37408

38696

XB10 54 37432.5 38692.5

XB11 55 37439.5 38699.5

C05 27 37429 38689

D04 14

C04 28 37443 38703

XB12 56 37446.5 38706.5

XB13 57 37453.5 38713.5

37436

38741.5

37464 38724

XB14 58 37460.5 38720.5

B05 59 37467.5 38727.5

C03 29 37457 38717

D05 15

C02 30 37471 38731


E01 5

E03 6

B01 63 37495.5 38755.5

C01 31 37485 38745

B02 62 37488.5 38748.5

B04 60 37474.5 38734.5

B03 61 37481.5

37310 38570

E02 7 37422 38682

37366 38626

56.00 MHz

r&g atx v9.2.1 [14-07-2014]

Documents