rfid: technology and applications
DESCRIPTION
RFID: Technology and Applications. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding. Computers in Libraries 2011. Feb 20, 2011. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RFID: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Computers in Libraries 2011
Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University LibraryFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreedingFeb 20, 2011
Summary
As libraries consider investments in RFID-based equipment, such as selfcheck stations, anti-theft systems, automated material handling, or inventory control, it’s vital to have a solid understanding of the technology, standards, and best practices. Breeding gives an overview of the technology, some interesting applications enabled by RFID and addresses the issues and controversies brewing on the topic.
Library Technology Guides
www.librarytechnolog
y.org
Lib-web-cats Technology Profile
Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products
Lib-web-cats tech profile
Purdue Self-check
Salt Lake Public Library Self Check
Stockholm Public Self-check
Self-check
Automated Returns
Gentofte Patron Checkout and Returns
Gentofte Public Library
Gentofte Book Stacks
Gentofte RFID-checkout
Gentofte Return
Automated Sorting
Stockholm public library sorting system
Stockholm Public Return
Stockholm Public Book Return
UNLV Staff RFID Station
UNLV RFID Wands
UNLF Automated storage
UNLV Automated Storage Barcode
Basics
Tag the Collection Self-Check Automated materials handling of returns Anti-theft
RFID for both circulation and security Hybrid systems use electro-magnetic strips
for security
Manufacturing library RFID Tags
PV Supa / IconPrint Copenhagen, Denmark
Finished RFID Tags
RFID chip
RFID vs Barcodes
Both uniquely identify materials in library collection
Lifespan of barcode: forever Lifespan of RFID tags
Active: 10 years Passive: much longer
Self-service and AMH work with either barcodes or RFID tags Additional capabilities through RFID
Major companies
3M Bibliotheca RFID CheckPoint PV Supa VTLS Tech Logic Integrated Technology Group Intellident
Relevant Standards and Protocols Connections with ILS SIP2
Standard Interchange Protocol, Version 2 NCIP
NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol
SIP Version 3?
3m Announced in March 2010 that it would lead an initiative to develop a new version of SIP
RFID vs Barcodes
All automation functions work with multiple collection identifying mechanisms – Barcode and RFID
Additional features and efficiencies possible with RIFD
Very high volume Multi-item checkouts
Beyond inventory control
2CCQR – Major UK RFID Vendor Wundarwall – intelligent display system for
promoting library materials Automatically generates dynamic
presentation of enhanced content for each item placed on the display shelves
2CCQR Wundarwall
Intellident smartBlade
Smart shelves that automatically detect items out of place or missing
Help users by showing exact location of a needed item
Implemented by Biomedical Sciences Library in Cardiff University
Cost components for RFID
Self-Check equipment Tags for each inventory item
Specialized tag products for DVD and other media products
Personnel costs for tagging collections Integration modules for integrated
library system
Automated Materials Handling Reduce manual labor involved in book
returns Check in materials and process
exception conditions Overdue Requests or holds
Sorting systems – Get items ready for reshelving
Inventory Control
Scan shelves to identify items out of place or missing
Barcodes – touch each item RFID – sweep shelves with scanner
Short term vs Long Term
Many libraries need help to reduce costs and meet demand in the short term
Longer term concern for shifts toward e-books
Personnel impact
RFID deployments can reduce personnel involvement in routine circulation functions
Capital investment in equipment vs ongoing personnel costs
Reduce repetitive motion injuries Decrease personnel to recoup equipment
costs Redeploy personnel to gain added value with
customers Example: Genofte library in Denmark
Stability of RFID
Technologies will change over time Generational changes expected Standards help ensure compatibility
Academic vs Public
RFID appropriate for collections with higher turnover
Phase in tags for initial deployment and subsequent transitions
Difficult match for large collections with limited circulation and limited turnover
Privacy and security
Concern that non-library RFID equipment can be used to violate library patron privacy
Do not encode bibliographic information on tags: only unique identifiers neutral to content
Standards
Physical tag characteristics High Frequency: 13.56MHz
Data models for encoding tags
Why the need for an RFID data standard
Avoids vendor lock-in and obsolescence Allows tags to be used in multi-library
resource sharing Consortium – regional – national
RFID in the United Kingdom
Struggle with standards Selection of variable-length data model
ISO 28560 -2 RFID Alliance
3M, 2CQR, Axiell, Bibliotheca, DTech, Intellident, and Plescon Security Products
Controversies regarding compliance
ISO 28560 – 3-part International Standard for RFID in Libraries
Part 1 – Specifies general model and data elements, security and privacy guidelines, physical characteristics and placement on materials
Part 2 – data model and encoding rules with variable-length encoding The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be
organized on the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable format data.
Part 3 – data model and encoding rules with fixed-length encoding ISO 28560-3:2011 specifies the rules for encoding a subset of
data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic block, and other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.
Convergent Software
ISO 28560-2 Planning and Modeling software select and arrange data elements and encoding
these on a simulated tag ISO 28560-2 Quality Control software
fully compliant decoder with the additional function of diagnostic software that identifies encoding errors
ISO 28560-2 Comprehensive software combines the functionality of the planning software
and the quality control software products with our Data Editor tool
Conformity with Standards
Look for vendors to make announcements regarding plans to produce and offer retrospective support for standards
Challenge for libraries that have already made investments in pre-standard products
Reprogram Tags? Re-tag collections?
Current issue: 3M vs. EnvisionWare 3M and 3M Innovative Properties Co. filed a
patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court for the District of Minnesota today against EnvisionWare Inc. seeking injunctive relief and damages for infringement. The suit alleges that EnvisionWare’s sale of library systems, including self-service circulation systems and handheld RFID library systems, constitutes infringement of 3M’s patents. June 23, 2009 Case: 0:09-cv-01594-ADM-FLN
The Shrinking LMS
The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations.
Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS
Manages workflows related to physical materials
Investments in electronic content increasing
Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS
…shrinking LMS
Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.
Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries
Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems
Legacy LMS Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
`
Legacy ILS Model / API
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
Application Programming Interfaces
Legacy ILS Model / protocol
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
Self-Check
Self-Check
Interlibrary
LoanSystem
Interlibrary
LoanSystem
Legacy ILS Model / External API
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
ExternalSystems
& Services
ExternalSystems
& Services
Flexible Interoperability
Con
solid
ate
d in
dex
Search Engine
Discovery ServiceSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
New Library Management Model
`
API Layer
Library Management
System
LearningManageme
nt
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
ILS as Middleware
Integrated library system provides strategic core of automation
Less involved with end-user contact Discovery for Web-based collection
discovery and user services Self-service stations for loans and returns Smart-card and payment systems
RFID & LMS
Can RFID deliver value beyond self-check and AMH?
Need enhanced interoperability models Leverage existing standards and API’s in
the same way that the ILS-DI protocols provided needed support to connect LMS and Discovery products
Provide comprehensive automation model that helps libraries improve service and increase value to their communities
NISO Resources
RFID in Libraries (Dec 2007) http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/RP-6-
2008.pdf
Opportunity for additional in-depth information
NISO Two-Part Webinar: RFID Systems in Libraries PART I: RFID Systems in Libraries: An
Introduction http://www.niso.org/news/events/2011/niso
webinars/rfidpartone/ April 13, 2011
PART II: Standards for RFID Systems in Libraries April 20, 2011
Resources and Experts
RFID Blog (UK oriented) http://www.libraryrfid.co.uk/ Created by Mick Fortune
Questions and discussion