rf technology professor richard carter lancaster university engineering department 23 rd november...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RF Technology
Professor Richard CarterLancaster University Engineering Department
23rd November 2006
![Page 2: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 2
Research group focus
• Electromagnetics• High power RF and
microwave engineering• Particle dynamics in RF
electromagnetic fields• Vacuum electronics
Courtesy of Thales Electron Devices
![Page 3: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 4
Staff
• Academic staff– Prof. Richard Carter– Dr Amos Dexter– Dr Rebecca Seviour
• Research staff– Dr Graeme Burt– Dr Richard Jenkins– Jonny Smith– Imran Tahir– 2 Vacancies
• Research Students– Chris Hill– Sharon Crane– Fay Hannon– Emma Wooldridge– Chris Lingwood
![Page 4: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 5
Resources• Microwave laboratory
– Test equipment– High power sources– Vacuum equipment– Auger spectrometer
• Software– Commercial
• (MAFIA, MWS, Lorenz HF, MAGIC, KOBRA3, Accelrys, GdfidL, FEMLab)
– Indigenous • (Small and large-signal models for klystrons and travelling-wave
tubes, models of helix and coupled-cavity slow-wave structures)
![Page 5: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 6
Current research projects
• Microwave tubes– Stabilisation of c.w. magnetron oscillators– High power magnetron for IFMIF – Radial inductive output tubes– Multiple beam klystron for CLIC
• Particle accelerators– Energy recovery linac stability for 4GLS– Crab cavity system for the ILC– Collimator for the ILC– High brightness gun for 4GLS
• RF vacuum breakdown (Multipactor)
![Page 6: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 7
Future research projects
• Superconducting RF systems
• Parallel operation of stabilised magnetrons
• Secondary electron emission theory
• Cavity technology for the Neutrino Factory
![Page 7: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 8
Stabilisation of c.w. magnetron oscillators
• Dr Amos Dexter, Imran Tahir
• PLL control of frequency• Injection locking• Phase locking to better
than 1%• Injected power – 37dB• Magnetrons could be used
as high efficiency, low cost sources for accelerators
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
2.430 2.440 2.450 2.460 2.470
Frequency (GHz)
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47
Frequency (GHz)
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
2.4496 2.4498 2.45 2.4502 2.4504
Frequency(GHz)
RBW 2KHz
• Free-running magnetron
• Magnetron with PLL frequency control
• Magnetron with PLL control and injection
![Page 8: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 9
High Power RF Sources for IFMIF• Prof Richard Carter, Carl Beard• Conceptual design report:1 MW c.w., 175 MHz, 90% efficiency
Diacrode IOT Magnetron
Anode voltage
14 kV 95 kV 60 kV
Anode current
103 A 58 A 20 A
Efficiency 71% 65% (>75% with a multi-element depressed collector
90 %
Gain 13 dB 23 dB > 30 dB
Drive power 50 kW 5 kW < 1 kW
Cooling Anode Collector Anode and (probably) cathode
Electro-magnet
No Yes (except the radial IOT) Yes
Availability Yes Would require 2 - 3 years R&D Would require 4 – 5 years R&D
R&D issues None • Mechanical stability of control grid• Multi-element depressed collector design• Multi-beam and radial beam designs
• Cathode choice for long life• Development of switched mode power supply • Demonstration of simultaneous control of amplitude and phase• Stability
![Page 9: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 10
Radial inductive output tubes
• Sharon Crane (PhD student),
• Prof. Richard Carter
• Collaboration with E2V Technologies
• Target 1 GHz, 1 MW c.w.
Collector
Output cavity
Input cavityRF Output
Grid bias and RF Input
Cathode
Anode
![Page 10: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 11
Multiple beam klystron for CLIC
• Chris Lingwood (PhD student), Prof. Richard Carter
• Investigation of novel multiple beam klystron concepts for CLIC
• 1 GHz, 50 MW pk
• Collaboration with CERN and Thales Electron Devices
• Previous project – Future Linear Collider Klystron Study – Dr Jinjun Feng, Collaboration with CERN, DESY, E2V
Technologies, TMD Technologies.
![Page 11: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 12
Energy recovery linac stability for 4GLS
• Emma Wooldridge (ASTeC Staff, PhD Student)
• Prof. Richard Carter
• Susan Smith (ASTeC)
• Study of beam break-up and its prevention
![Page 12: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 13
![Page 13: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 14
High brightness gun for 4GLS
• Fay Hannon (PhD student) • Dr Rebecca Seviour• Dr Bob Rimmer (JLab)• Project funded and based at JLab
![Page 14: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 15
RF vacuum breakdown (Multipactor)
• Dr Rebecca Seviour, Dr Richard Jenkins, Dr Matt Stables, Chris Hill (PhD Student), Prof. Richard Carter
• Theoretical and experimental study of multipactor discharges in complex structures
• Collaboration with E2V Technologies
• Previous project – Multipactor in the CESR RF system, – Dr Philippe Goudket, Professor Richard Carter, Mike Dykes
(ASTeC) – Collaboration with Cornell University
![Page 15: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 16
Multipactor – Experimental Work
• Chris Hill (PhD Student) • Prof Richard Carter• Multipactor in a klystron input cavity
![Page 16: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 17
Multipactor – Simulation
• Dr Rebecca Seviour• Dr Matt Stables
• Aim – Computer simulation of multipactor in complex geometries
• Issues– Accuracy of fields close to
surfaces– Knowledge of energy spectrum
of secondary electrons
![Page 17: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 18
Multipactor – Secondary Electron Emission Measurements
• Dr Richard Jenkins• Prof Richard Carter• Re-commissioning of Auger
spectrometer
E.D.C. for different beam voltages
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
-410 -370 -330 -290 -250 -210 -170 -130 -90 -50 -10
Retarding Potential E
N(E
)
100V150V200V300V400V
Acid cleaned, not outgased Ni SAMPLE, :5 * 10^-8 Torr1st derivative of current (EDC)A1=1KV, A2=200V,A3,A4=Variable10^-9, BW=3, Vac=0.5V Vcoll=250 VFreq=high, Phase shift =+20100SECS 100V SWEEP
![Page 18: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 19
Multipactor – prediction of secondary electron emission coefficients
• Dr Rebecca Seviour• Accelrys used to investigate band diagrams of materials
TiN = 1
TiN
Al2O3
![Page 19: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Muon Ionisation Cooling for NF & MICE
Need:• 201 MHz Resonant Cavities at 16 MV/w in 4T field• High accuracy measurement of the Eacc
• Dr Rebecca Seviour• 1 x PhD (MICE Phase II)
![Page 20: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 21
RF Cavity development
• Dr Rebecca Seviour• 2 x Post Doc’s (NF)
![Page 21: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 22
RF Cavity development
Without Magnetic field has achieved 16 MV/m
Electric field Magnetic field Surface currents
Scattering causes losses limits current
limits RF limits acceleration
Metal
Vacuum
Excitation MotionImpurities
![Page 22: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 23
We propose to conduct a systematic review of each stage of manufacture.
Investigating the effect each stage has on the surface topology and chemical composition of the surfaces, and ultimately the effect on cavity performance.
• Auger Spectrometry
• Atomic force microscopy
These results will also be compared to theory.
Transport
CodesCavity Q
RF Cavity development
![Page 23: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 24
RF Cavity development: Alternatives to EP
Al2O3 suspended in
PH7 Solution.
CMP cheaper & less hazardous than EP.
Only useful on flat areas
Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP)
(Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials)
![Page 24: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 25
Ra ~ 0.4 m
Abrasive Flow (AF)
RF Cavity development: Alternatives to EP
![Page 25: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 26
PBG Based Particle Acceleration
• Dr Rebecca Seviour• 2 x Post Doc’s • 2 x PhD’s• 1 x MSc
![Page 26: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 27
• RF Creation
• Particle Acceleration
• Slow-wave structures
• Inverse Cherenkov Acceleration
• Quasi-Crystals/Metamaterials
PBG Based Particle Acceleration
![Page 27: RF Technology Professor Richard Carter Lancaster University Engineering Department 23 rd November 2006](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515f80655034694308b47d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
RF Presentation to CI SAC 23 Nov 2006 28
Selected Publications• Carter RG., ‘Accuracy of microwave cavity perturbation measurements’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory
& Techniques, vol.49, no.5, pp.918-23. (2001)
• Geng RL. Padamsee H. Belomestnykh S. Goudket P. Dykes DM. Carter RG., ‘Suppression of multipacting in rectangular coupler waveguides’, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors & Associated Equipment, vol.508, no.3, pp.227-38. (2003)
• Tahir I., Dexter A.C and Carter R.G., ‘Noise Performance of Frequency and Phase Locked CW Magnetrons operated as current controlled oscillators’, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.52, no.9, pp.2096-2103, (2005)
• Dexter A.C. and Seviour R. ‘Rapid Generation of Multipactor Charts by Numerical Solution of the Phase Equation’, J. Phys D: Appl. Phys. vol 38, pp1383-1389, (2005)
• Seviour, R. ‘The Role of Elastic and Inelastic Electron Reflection in Multipactor Discharges’, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.52, pp.1927-1930, (2005)
• Geng RL, Goudket P, Carter RG, Belomestnykh S, Padamsee H, Dykes DM, Dynamical aspects of multipacting induced discharge in a rectangular waveguide, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors & Associated Equipment, vol.538, pp.189-205, (2005)
• Tahir I., Dexter A.C and Carter R.G., ‘Noise performance of frequency- and phase-locked CW magnetrons operated as current-controlled oscillators’, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices Volume 3, no.7, pp.1721–1729, (2006)