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Solar-friendlyUS StatesThe surprisinganswer to whichstates have themost solar energy.

FloatingOffshore WindPower TakingHoldSignals that thesector is maturing.

UnlockingGeothermalEnergy's GreatPotentialOur spotlight onSouth America.

p. 68 p. 86 p. 79

100 PercentRenewable

EnergyCrazy, Idealisticor Acheivable?

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013VOLUME16 ISSUE5

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5/1012013 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Schneider Electric, Conext, and The global specialist in energy management are trademarks owned by Schneider Electric Industries

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RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 3

PROJECT PROFILE

The Magnificent

London Array 54

36

36COVER STORY

Going All In withRenewable EnergyCan a region obtain 100

percent of its energy from

renewables? Elisa Wood

42WIND

Floating OffshoreWind Power TakingHold Signs are signallingthat the sector is maturing.

David Appleyard

49WIND TECHNOLOGY

The Air Up ThereWind farm developers

are using remote sensing

technology for assessments

and operations.

James Montgomery

56WIND

The Promise of theUkrainian Wind MarketWind power in Ukraine

increased 98 percentbetween 2011 and 2012.

Galina Shmidt

68SOLAR

Solar-friendly US StatesWhich US states have the

most solar energy? The

answer may surprise you.

James Montgomery

75SOLAR

PV Module QualityConcerns Persist Eventhough steps have been

made to curb the problem,

poor-quality PV modulesare still making their way

into the global marketplace.

Jennifer Runyon

features

ON THE COVER:

100 Percent Renewable

Energy: A Sneak Peak at

our 2014 Renewable Energy

World Conference and Expo

design. Don't miss the 2013

show this November!

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4 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD MAGAZINE

departments & columns

On RenewableEnergyWorld.com

RenewableEnergyWorld.com provides daily news and

inormation to help you stay on your toes.

Visit us on the web to:

Commentonahotnewsitem.

LearnsomethingnewinourIn-depthTechnologySection.

Signupforaneducationalwebcast.

CheckoutsomeofourTotalAccesspartners.

ListentoTheEnergyShow.

Startblogging.

Registertoreceiveouraward-winninge-newsletters.

79GEOTHERMAL

Exploring the UntappedPotential of South AmericanGeothermal Energy Whatwill it take to make use of the vast

geothermal energy resource?

Meg Cichon

82BIOENERGYA New Win-Win? Carbon-eating Microalgae as aBiofuel Feedstock An Australiancompany is using the carbon from

a coal plant to grow microalgae for

biofuel. Bruce Dorminey

86HYDROPOWER

Ocean Energy Technologiesare Speeding ToCommercialization What manythought would take decades may only

be a few years away. Meg Cichon

90DISTRIBUTED ENERGY

The Virtual Power PlantPromiseA new model for renewableenergy integration. Tildy Bayar

7 Editors Letter

GettingSmartAbout

RenewableEnergy

8 Renewable echnology

CreatingBestPractice

forWindO&M

10 Renewable Policy

WilltheUK'sEnergyReform

HelpRenewables?

12 Regional News

NewsfromtheGlobal

RenewableEnergyIndustry

31 Te Big Question

CanCountriesReach100

PercentRenewableEnergy?

54 Project Profle

TheWorld'sLargest

OffshoreWindFarm

62 Show Preview

OffshoreWindExploredat

EWEA'sOFFSHORE2013

64 Data Points

SustainableEnergyForAll

66 Show Preview

SolarPowerInternational

LightsUpChicago

94 Calendar

94 Advertisers index

95 raining and

Educational Events

96 Last Word

MarineRenewables

andEnergySecurity

features
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G


Getting Smart About RenewablesRenewable energy education and training opportunities are becoming

more widespread with each passing year. I am always amazed that a

story I wrote back in 2008 about universities offering master degree

programs in renewable energy is consistently, year-after-year, one of

the most read stories on RenewableEnergyWorld.com. This tells me

that every year more folks want to become educated about the ever-

growing renewable energy industry.

There are so many opportunities to learn in this field. In October,

Ill be attending SPI and speaking with solar industry executives who

will bring me up to speed on the most pressing issues they are facing.

Then three weeks later, Ill attend our very own Renewable Energy

World Conference and Expo. There Ill learn from experts across all of

the renewable energy industries. These in-person events really cant

be beat for on-the-spot concentrated educational opportunities.

For hands-on training opportunities, there are institutions all

across the globe offering technical training programs for all of the

renewable energy technologies. Weve started highlighting upcoming

events in our new Training and Educational Events section (p. 95).Finally, there are a plethora of universities and colleges that offer

degrees in renewable energy, sustainable energy, clean tech and

more. No matter where you are in your career, keeping up with the

latest trends in renewable energy is a necessity. While we hope that

Renewable Energy World gives you a healthy dose of knowledge when

you need it, when it comes to face-to-face education or hands-on expe-

rience, conferences, training institutes, colleges and universities really

are the places to be.

From the Editor

Jennifer Runyon, Chief Editor

PUBLISHER James M. Callihan

CHIEF EDITOR Jennifer Runyon

SENIOR EDITOR David Appleyard

ASSOCIATE EDITOR Tildy Bayar

ASSOCIATE EDITOR Meg Cichon

ASSOCIATE EDITOR James Montgomery

EDITORIAL OFFICES

REW Magazine

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Renewable Energy Worldis circulated free

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2013 PennWell International Publications Ltd.All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced in any form or by any means,whether electronic, mechanical or otherwiseincluding photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage or retrieval system withoutthe prior written consent of the Publishers.

While every attempt is made to ensure theaccuracy of the information contained in thismagazine, neither the Publishers nor the authorsaccept any liability for errors or omissions.

Opinions expressed in this publication are notnecessarily those of the Publishers or Editor.
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Renewable Technology


A clear sign of market maturity is

the development of industry best

practice. Covering issues such as

health and safety, navigation, envi-

ronmental impact and the like, in

the case of wind power a number of

significant best practices covering

operations and maintenance (O&M) have recently been revealed.

The economic importance of

an effective O&M strategy can-

not be understated. As Romax

Technologys Dr. John Coultate says,

typically up to 75 percent of the

operational expenditure for a large

wind farm is related to the sites

O&M.

And where thoughts turn to cut-

ting costs, there are always market

opportunities. Launching A Guide

to Offshore Wind Operations and

Maintenance which explores the

relevant concepts and trends in the

sector GL Garrad Hassans Head

of Strategy and Policy, Joe Phillips,

affirms this, saying: Offshore wind

O&M is set to become a two billionpound a year industry by 2025. The

opportunity this presents for new

entrants to the offshore wind space,

especially small- and medium-sized

enterprises, is huge.

Given the potential scale of the

O&M business, the thinking is that

the emergent nature of the offshore

wind market will allow small and

medium enterprises to exploit

opportunities based on their

local presence, commercial

and technical flexibility, or

specialized and innovative techno-

logical solutions.

But there are still opportuni-

ties onshore too. The American

Wind Energy Association (AWEA)

has released its Operation and

Maintenance Recommended

Practices 1.0, which, while explic-itly not a guide to best practice,

does nonetheless offer suggestions

from experts in the field who have

refined their procedures over time.

AWEA believes that many new

companies and technicians are set

to join the wind sector, working to

operate and maintain the 45,000

or so individual U.S. machines. The

Recommended Practices is designed

to serve as a baseline for the provi-

sion of those services.

With O&M services becoming

an ever bigger and more important

business sector, best practice guides

and basic performance standards

are, likewise, becoming far more

desirable and documents such as

these are important bricks in thatroad. But the best practices of the

future will undoubtedly change and

evolve as the industry adopts more

sophisticated technology, materials,

sensors and communications. That

means that the best practices of the

future wind industry will be shaped

by the companies that are getting

involved in O&M now.

Creating Best Practice

for Wind O&M

David Appleyard,

Senior Editor

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Renewable Pol icy


Currently wending its way through

Parliament, the UK governments

sweeping Electricity Market Reform

package aims to stimulate much-

needed investment in low-carbon

power generation by providing

stable and predictable incentives

for renewables, nuclear and carboncapture and storage.

The package replaces the current

Renewables Obligation (RO) with

Contracts for Difference (CfDs),

which guarantee that power gener-

ators will earn a f ixed amount, or

strike price, for their electricity.

If the wholesale electricity market

price is less than the strike price,

the generator will receive a top-

up sum; if the wholesale electricity

market price is more than the strike

price, the generator must pay back

the difference. This should enable

certainty for developers as revenues

will be based on a known price.

When draft strike prices were

published in June, the Renewable

Energy Association (REA) andthe Solar Trade Association took

issue with the biomass and PV

prices. Both groups say CfDs will

create additional risks for smaller

independent power producers

(IPPs), and that the strike prices are

not high enough to mitigate them.

Under CfDs, the REA says it will

be difficult for IPPs to make their

projects viable. Because IPPs

do not sell power directly, get-

ting it to market involves costs

not incurred by utilities.

Wind, wave and tidal trade

body RenewableUK has noted that,

while the Renewables Obligation

guarantees a 20-year return,

CfDs will only be available for

15, thereafter reverting to mar-

ket rates. This will certainly have

an impact on onshore and offshorewind farms yet to be built, said

Maf Smith, RenewableUKs deputy

chief executive.

Juliet Davenport, CEO of renew-

able power supplier Good Energy,

believes CfDs risk skewing the mar-

ket towards nuclear and the Big Six

[utilities], at the expense of renew-

able energy and smaller suppliers.

They will restrict competition rather

than attracting the new investment

the industry needs. And utility SSE

has said CfDs will benefit nuclear

generators more than renewables:

a wind farm, for example, could be

curtailed when the electricity mar-

ket price is highest.

More than half of UK renewable

energy executives surveyed by theREA believe that CfDs will encour-

age new renewable development.

The government says it is listening

but until we see the final Bill in early

2014, it is difficult to say whether its

mechanisms will encourage or sti-

fle the uptake of renewable energy in

the UK. The devil, as always, will be

in the details.

Will the UKs Energy Reform

Help Renewables?

Tildy Bayar,

Associate Editor
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Bringing energy and the environment into harmo

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REGIONAL


Indian Wind Power Now Cost-competitive with CoalASIAWind power in India is

now cost-competitive with new

coal capacity, according to a

recent report from HSBC Global

Research.

Indias wind development had

stagnated in 2012 due to the can-

cellation of the Generation Based

Incentive (GBI). Between April and

December 2012 India added only

982.5 MW of wind power capacity,

less than half the previous years

amount, according to the Indian

Wind Turbine Manufacturers

Association. But HSBC expects

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Project Planned in ChinaU.S. aerospace, defense, secu-

rity and technology company

Lockheed Martin announced that

it will develop an ocean ther-

mal energy conversion (OTEC)

pilot power plant off the coast of

southern China. The plant will be

built for the Reignwood Group, aChinese resort developer.

The 10-MW plant will be the

largest OTEC facility in existence

and will supply 100 percent of the

power used by a green resort

planned by Reignwood, Lockheed

Martin said.

OTEC generates power using

the solar energy absorbed by the

ocean. While the sun warms the

water at the surface the depths

remain cold, creating a temper-

ature differential. In an OTEC

installation the warm surface

water is used to vaporize a liq-

uid with a low boiling point (for

example, ammonia); when vapor-

ized, the liquid expands, spinning

a turbine coupled to a genera-tor. Cooler water is then pumped

from the deeper ocean layers to

cool the vapor, condensing it back

into a liquid for re-use.

The temperature differen-

tial between warm surface and

cool depths determines how effi-

cient an OTEC installation can be

the greater the difference, the

greater the efficiency so OTEC

is primarily suitable for equato-

rial regions where the temper-

ature differential is at least 20

degrees C all year. OTEC can also

be advantageous in island andcoastal regions where the added

expense of transporting energy

can drive up costs for other tradi-

tional power sources.

Like biomass and geothermal

power but unlike solar and wind,

OTEC can generate baseload

power, and the OTEC Foundation

claims that a commercial-scaleOTEC power plant could be used

to support a small city.

In addition to several other

green-energy-related projects

across a number of industries,

Reignwood Group says it is cur-

rently developing two large-scale

low-carbon resort communities

and that it has others planned

around China. OTEC technology

will help the company to develop

its first net-zero resort commu-

nity, it says.

Once the proposed plant is

developed and operational, the

two companies say they plan

to use the knowledge gained to

improve the design and build

additional commercial-scaleplants over the next 10 years.

ASIA

Rendering of Lockheed Martins

Proposed OTEC pilot plant. Credit

Lockheed Martin.

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16/101RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 13

Can Japan Sustain Its Solar Growth?ASIADespite forecasts pre-dicting phenomenal growth

for Japans solar energy sector,

some analysts say the nations

boom may be hampered by

significant problems.

This year, driven by a gener-

ous feed-in tariff scheme, Japanstotal solar capacity 7.4 GW at

the end of 2012 will roughly

double, according to Bloomberg

New Energy Finance, bringing

the nation to second place glob-

ally, behind only China, in solar

market growth and to third

place, behind Germany and Italy,

in total installed solar capacity.

However some have cited the

high costs of installing solar pan-

els in Japan as a factor limiting

growth. In a Bloomberg inter-

view, Thomas Kaberger, exec-

utive board chair of the Japan

Renewable Energy Foundation,

said, Its difficult to explain whysolar PV installation should cost

three times as much in Japan as

in Germany. We must succeed in

bringing down the costs.

Others cite land procurement

and grid problems. Permitting

and approval for grid inter-

connection are challenging in

Japan, according to analysts,

and a survey earlier this year

by the Japan Renewable Energy

Foundation found that, as

opposed to the priority connec-

tion system in place in other

countries, because grid connec-

tion approval in Japan has been

left to the discretion of [ cont >]

Photovoltaic Power Plant and

Mountain in Japan via Shutterstock

a recovery in 2013 and record

installations in 2014 due to an

improved policy and investment

climate. The report said that 5.6

GW of new wind capacity would

be added before the end of 2014.

This year has seen positive

policy changes in India, with the

GBI reinstated in March and an

increase in wind feed-in tariffs

(FiTs) across six of the seven key

wind states. The report points to

tariff increases of 2-36 percentin Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Wind

FiTs across these states range

from INR 3.51-5.92/kWh (around

$6-11/kWh), the report said, with

four states which hold around

70 percent of Indias installed

wind capacity offering a tar-

iff that is lower than the lowest

tariff bids received for new coal

capacity in 2012.

In addition, INR 8 billion (US

$160 million) has been allocated

to the Ministry of New and

Renewable Energy (MNRE) to sup-

port the GBI for wind projects.

And the government has com-

mitted to providing low-interest

funds for five years from theNational Clean Energy Fund to

the Indian Renewable Energy

Development Agency (IREDA),

which provides debt financing for

renewable energy projects. HSBC

reports that another lender, the

Power Finance Corporation, has

cut its lending rate to renewable

energy projects by 50 basis points,

or 0.5 percent (while cutting

its rates to conventional power

plants by only 25 basis points).

Indias government has fore-

cast a wind potential of around

50 GW across the nation, but

new studies indicate a poten-

tial of over 100 GW. A National

Wind Mission, similar to the

Jawaharlal Nehru National

Solar Mission, has been pro-posed to accelerate future wind

development.

Solar power in India will soon

follow winds lead, the report pre-

dicted, becoming cost-compet-

itive with new coal capacity as

early as 2016.

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17/101

Meeting Latin AmericasElectricity Needs withRenewable EnergyLatin America and the Caribbean are expected to enjoy nearly 3

percent annual economic growth for the foreseeable future. The

flip side: the region will have to strengthen its infrastructures to

support that growth. Installed power capacity will have to double

to 600 GW by 2030, and electricity demand is projected to double or

nearly triple to 2.5-3.5 petawatt-hours (PWh) by 2050. But renewableenergy could meet that surge in demand many times over, accord-

ing to a report from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Presented this summer at the Global Green Growth Forum

Latin America and the Caribbean (3GFLAC) in Bogot, the report

Rethinking our Energy Future explores how lower prices and new

Solar PV Atacama 100 km2 (Chile)

Marine energy (Chile)

Geothermal (Peru)

Wind On-shore (Northeast Region Brazil)

Solar (Northeast Region Brazil)

OTEC (Argentina)

Solid wastes (Brazil)

Small hydro ]

LATIN AMERICA
http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=14&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renewableenergyworld.com%2Frea%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F2013%2F03%2Fromania-to-scale-back-subsidieshttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=14&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renewableenergyworld.com%2Frea%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F2013%2F03%2Fromania-to-scale-back-subsidieshttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=14&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fidbdocs.iadb.org%2Fwsdocs%2Fgetdocument.aspx%3Fdocnum%3D37836720

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Stay informed! Co-located with

SAVE

THE DATESMoscone Center, San Francisco

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newsREGIONAL


technologies such as solar, wind,

geothermal, biomass, and wave

could produce up to 78 PWh

of electricity, and have nomi-

nal peak capacity of 33 TW. One

PWh is equal to 1 trillion kWh,

which is roughly three times the

electricity Mexico consumes in a

year, IDB says.

The results follow some of

the themes from another IDB

study released at the Rio+20

conference this spring, describ-ing how Latin America could

achieve climate stabiliza-

tion with virtually no car-

bon footprint in its power

generation by 2050, through

a regimen of aggressive land-

use adjustments, transport

infrastructure upgrades, vastly

reduced energy demand, and

widespread adoption of renew-

able energy. Such a shift would

be expensive at a projected $66

billion, but not as expensive

as the $100 billion in projected

economic damage from climate

change that would hit Latin

America particularly hard.

Latin America is seen as

one of the strongest adopters

as well as a strong growth

market for renewable energyadoption. Renewable energy

made up roughly 59 percent

of Latin Americas power sup-

ply in 2010, almost all of that

from hydro, according to the

IDB. But wind energy usage is

rapidly spreading across the

region; geothermal is strong

in Mexico and making inroads

into Colombia, Panama and

Ecuador; and solar, biomass,

and wind operations are being

ramped up in Brazil, Mexico,

Guatemala, Argentina and Chile.

Nevertheless, the region overall

represented just 5.4 percent of

the $244 billion invested world-

wide in renewable energies dur-

ing 2012, a total which is seen

exploding to a cumulative $6

trillion by 2035, with $16.9 tril-lion invested in the regions total

power system. Broadening its

adoption of renewable energy

will require much more invest-

ments, and further evolution

of policy and regulatory frame-

works, says the IDB.

Central America At a Crossroads

with Renewable Energy

LATIN AMERICACentral America

has many of the same chal-

lenges as Latin America over-

all: electricity demand is rising

rapidly, yet millions of people

still have limited or no access to

electricity, use of imported fos-

sil fuels is rising, and thermal

power plants are proliferating to

meet demand. And in step with

the broader region it also seeks

to expand its use of renewable

energy, of which hydro and geo-

thermal are already expansive.

Central America plans to pursue

others in both small- and large-

scale. A rapid transition to 100

percent renewable electricity gen-

eration is both technically pos-

sible and socio- economically

beneficial in all Central American

countries, according to the

WorldWatch Institute, in its study

The Way Forward for Renewable

Energy in Central America. The

firm calls for more distributed

generation, less pursuit of fossil

fuel use, a rethinking of biomass

use (mainly fuel wood for cook-

ing), and curtailment of energy

used for transportation. Detailed

energy roadmaps will be neces-

sary to assess all the challenges

technical, socioeconomic,

finance, and political and then

identify policies and measures to

address them.

As more renewable energy is

brought online, though, another

challenge is whether the infra-

structure is capable of han-

dling the new output and getting

the electricity to customers.

Enter the Central American

Electrical Interconnection System

[Electricity Needscont. from p14]
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(SIEPAC), a 230-kV transmission

line stretching 1,800 km from

Guatemala to Panama, which

came online this spring after 25

years of planning and develop-ment (and $500 million in invest-

ment) to connect 35+ million

consumers. Initial capacity is 300

MW half of that earmarked

for natural gas with plans to

double it to 600 MW. Also now

formalized is the long-planned

Central American Regional

Electricity Market (MER) to reg-

ulate power transactions on

SIEPAC in a competitive frame-

work. SIEPAC member countries

include Guatemala, Honduras, El

Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

and Panama; agreements are

being drawn up to consider and

plan integration with neighbors

Mexico, Belize, the DominicanRepublic and Colombia.

Together these efforts will

enable development of larger and

more efficient regional genera-

tion projects, while also facilitat-

ing the preparation of a larger of

renewable energy projects, states

the Inter-American Development

Bank, which financed half

of SIEPAC and contributed

millions of dollars in other aid.

Panama, it notes, used SIEPAC

this spring to import electricity

from El Salvador, Honduras, and

Nicaragua, fending off an energy

crunch caused by droughts that

drained reservoirs and weakened

its hydro generating capacity.To fully realize their poten-

tial, SIEPAC and MER still need

to account for the dynamics and

the heterogeneity of the electric-

ity sectors of the various coun-

tries of Central America, notes

the IDB. Nonetheless, this is an

historic moment for investment,

principally for the private sec-

tor in energy projects that are

regional in scope and that fea-

ture the use of renewables and

natural gas as cleaner sources.

Chiles Renewable Energy

Applications SurgeLATIN AMERICAChiles Minister

of National Assets (Ministerio

de Bienes Nacionales) approved

24 applications for land con-

cessions for non-conventional

renewable energy (Energas

Renovables No Convencionales

aka solar and wind power)

projects through July of thisyear, amounting to almost

1,500 MW on 12,707 hectares

spanning the Antofagasta,

Atacama, and Tarapaca regions.

Chile has received 265 applica-

tions to date for the NCRE pro-

gram totaling 10 GW, most of

which are for Antofagasta and

Atacama. Fewer than 20 percent

of the applications have passed

regional approvals, represent-

ing more than 1,200 MW of

installed capacity. In December

2012 the government approved

795 MW spanning 16 initia-

tives in the north of the country

on 7,800 hectares, including 12

solar farms.Like many Latin American

countries, Chile has a grow-

ing appetite for renewables.

Renewable energy currently

makes up 3 percent of Chile's

energy capacity with 34 percent

from hydro and 63 percent from

thermal generation. In May of

this year Chile exceeded 1 GW

of installed capacity of renew-

able energy, and is on track to

possibly achieve 1.3 GW by the

end of the year (largely from

biomass and hydro). In all, more

than 10 GW of renewable energy

projects are in the pipeline

or under assessment, accord-

ing to the Centro de EnergasRenovables (CER). The country is

also eager to tap into potential

geothermal resources, hoping

for 1-1.5 GW of capacity by 2025,

and the government is seek-

ing to pair up with the IDB and

World Bank to create an insur-

ance program to mitigate risk of

failed drilling efforts
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newsREGIONAL


Transformer Provides All-in-oneRenewable Energy Solution for US MilitaryThe U.S. Department of Defense

set a goal to achieve 25 percent

renewable energy by 2025, and

has established several initiatives

to reach that mark. Now, the mil-

itary may have a new option to

help on its quest for renewables.

The X3 Energy Transformer

manufactured by Van Straten

Brothers Inc. is a portable power

station that consists of solar,

wind, battery reserves, and a die-

sel generator backup system.

X3 inherited the name

Transformer from the popular

fictional robots, since the entire

system can travel anywhere in

one shipping container. A team of

mechanical and electrical engi-

neers worked on self-deploying

hydraulic outriggers and a hydrau-lically deployed turbine, a quick

change pallet system for the bat-

teries and generator, and a Smart

Control system designed to auto-

matically start the diesel gener-

ator for continuous power, when

renewables arent available.

On top of the astronomical

costs to transport fuel, our troops

are risking their lives every day to

ensure that power gets to the front

lines, said George Van Straten in

a statement. The X3 could elim-

inate many of these operational

risks and reduce our dependence

on fossil fuels at the same time.

The system boasts a 60-Amp,

240-Volt, 14.4-kilowatt (kW)

inverter, and is customizable.

Renewable energy options include

16, 24 or 32 solar panels that total

4-, 6-, or 8-kW capacity; a 3-, 5-,

or 10-kW wind turbine. There are

also various battery storage sys-tems available with an optional

electricity generator.

Van Straten Brothers is also

working to apply X3 to disaster

relief and international aid orga-

nizations, as well as commercial

applications that require power

generation backup such as min-

ing and construction. According

to Van Straten, the success of

X3 Energy will also have a huge

impact on the local community

in hard-hit Michigan, creating

full-time manufacturing, engi-

neering and business employ-

ment opportunities.

NORTH AMERICA

First Offshore Wind Lease Off USCoast Goes to Deepwater Wind

NORTH AMERICADeepwater

Wind New England is the win-

ner of the first competitive lease

sale of renewable energy in U.S.

federal waters, pledging approxi-

mately $3.8 million for two sites

in an auction July 31 by the U.S.

Department of Interior (DOI)

and Bureau of Ocean Energy

Management (BOEM).

Three companies were involved

in the bidding process: Deepwater,

Sea Breeze Energy, and U.S. Wind,

before Deepwater won with its

$3,838,288 bid for the two par-

cels. The area spans more than

164,000 acres off the eastern

state coasts of Rhode Island and

Massachusetts, with combined

potential of nearly 3.4 GW of wind

power generation.

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This is the best site for off-

shore wind in the U.S., said

Deepwater Wind CEO Jeffrey

Grybowski. This is an enormous

step forward for the industry.

The company now has bothfederal and state approval for

its proposed Deepwater Wind

Energy Center (DWEC), 150-200

turbines with combined 1-GW

nameplate capacity located 20-25

miles from land (no closer than

13 miles to shore) and virtu-

ally invisible from shore, accord-

ing to the company. DWEC plans

include a regional transmission

system linking Long Island to

southeastern New England.

After a 30-day antitrust review

of the auction, Deepwater will

have 10 days to sign and return

the leasing form, file for finan-

cial assurance, and pay the bal-

ance of its bid (minus an up-front

$900,000 deposit), and then sixmonths to submit a site assess-

ment plan to BOEM. Deepwater

will then have roughly four years

to submit a detailed plan to build

and operate the wind project with

a 25-year operational lifetime. The

firm projects construction could

begin as early as 2017, with com-

mercial operations by 2018.

BOEM will host a second

competitive lease sale for off-

shore wind in Sept., target-

ing about 112,000 acres off the

Virginia coast. More auctions

for offshore parcels along the

East Coast are planned for later

this year and into 2014. Visit

RenewableEnergyWorld.com for

updates on this story.

For more information,enter 9 at REW.hotims.com
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newsREGIONAL


CanGEA Releases Best Practices for GeothermalDevelopment, Emphasizes TechnologyNORTH AMERICACanadian geo-thermal development is sig-

nificantly lagging behind other

countries with similar resources,

according to the Canadian

Geothermal Energy Association

(CanGEA). To address this issue,

CanGEA is developing a detailed

Technology Roadmap and

Implementation Plan (TRM&IP)

to be released in 2015. In the

meantime, it released a prelimi-

nary study entitled Geothermal

Technology Roadmap: Global Best

Practices Summary Exploration

through Generation.

While the report addresses

each step of geothermal devel-

opment, it highlights technology

innovations as the necessary stepto move the industry forward. As

global resource exploitation has

taken place for over a century, the

remaining resources are further

down the economic merit order,

it says. Technology has been

called on to respond to and push

both the operating and economic

boundaries and move these lower-

quality resources towards finan-

cial viability.

The report informs develop-

ers of the latest technologies in

use throughout the world and

offers advice about how to imple-

ment them in their own projects.

For technology developers, it also

touches upon areas that are still

in need of R&D. The report neatlyoutlines all aspects of geothermal

development and best practices,

including exploration, reservoir

modeling, drilling, well stimula-

tion and completion, power con-

version, and the direct use of heat.

To create the report, research-

ers used information from

various international technol-

ogy roadmaps (Australia, the

IEA Geothermal Implementing

Agreement, Spain) and reports

from countries such as the

U.S. and organizations such as

the International Partnership

for Geothermal Technology

(Iceland, U.S., Switzerland,

Australia, New Zealand).

Wave Energy Testing Center ProgramUnder Development in HawaiiNORTH AMERICAThe Hawaii Natural Energy

Institute at the University of Hawaii (HNEI-UH) is

developing a wave-energy testing program at its

Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center

(HINMREC). The U.S. DOE Wind and Water PowerProgram, in collaboration with the U.S. Navy, has

provided funding for the Wave Energy Test Site

(WETS) at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii.

WETS currently hosts one 30-meter-deep water

facility to test wave energy conversion (WEC)

devices, and is working to expand the site with

facilities at 60- and 80-meter depths.

HINMRECs role at the WETS facility includes

the evaluation of WEC system performance. GL

Garrad Hassan announced that it would support

HINMREC in evaluating wave systems. Garrad

Hasan will provide an expert wave energy team,

wave energy test protocols, support HNEI-UH with

processing performance data, and conduct inde-pendent numerical model verification exercises

over the next two years.

We conducted a thorough search before choos-

ing GL Garrad Hassan to provide us with what I

like to call a reality check that can only be based

on actual experience said Dr. Luis Vega, Program

Manager for HINMREC in a statement.

According to GL Garrad Hassan, it will be apply-

ing detailed international best practices during
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24/101For more information, enter 10 at REW.hotims.com
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MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

newsREGIONAL


MENA Renewables Could Grow 450 Percent in Coming YearsThe International Renewable

Energy Agency (IRENA) in coor-

dination with the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs of the United

Arab Emirates and the Renewable

Energy Policy Network for the

21st Century (REN21) released

a report indicating that mas-

sive renewable energy growth is

expected for the MENA regionin the coming years. Renewable

energy investment in MENA

topped US $2.9 billion in 2012,

up 40 percent from 2011 and 650

percent from 2004. With more

than 100 projects in development,

the region could see a 450 percent

increase in non-hydro renewable

energy generating capacity in

the next few years. MENA gov-

ernments have announced addi-

tional non-hydro renewable

energy capacity of 50 GW by 2020

and 107 GW by 2030. Today the

region has an installed renewable

energy capacity of 1.7 GW.

The full report, Status and

Trends of Renewables: From the

MENA Region to a Global Setting,

provides an overview of renew-

able energy markets, industry,

policy and investment trends.

Most noteworthy are the renew-

able energy plans for net oil-

exporting countries. These

oil-rich Middle Eastern countries

account for more than 80 percent

of the 107 GW of planned projects.On the policy front, all 21

MENA countries have renew-

able energy targets, up from five

in 2007 and at least 19 coun-

tries have technology-specific

targets. To achieve these and

attract investment, 18 MENA

countries had enacted at least

one enabling policy such as a

feed-in tariff (FIT), net meter-

ing, fiscal incentives, or public

financing by the start of 2013.

Behind hydro, wind is the

largest renewable power source

in the region with a total capac-

ity of 1.1 GW by the end of 2012

across 8 countries. However,

solar power generation has been

growing faster than wind, first

through photovoltaic (PV), with

an annual average growth rate

of 112 percent from 2008-2011,

and more recently with the com-

missioning of large concentrat-

ing solar power (CSP) plants in

Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco,

and the UAE. This trend is

expected to continue in the fore-seeable future. Solar Hot Water

Heating accounts for about 9

million square meter (m) of col-

lector area, representing 6.3

gigawatts-thermal (GWth) of

installed capacity, most of which

is in net oil importing countries.

Finally, there is growing

interest in developing a supply

chain for renewable energy in

the MENA countries, with sev-

eral countries enacting policies

to stimulate local manufactur-

ing and innovation, especially

for solar and wind. This inter-

est is particularly strong in Saudi

Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, Morocco,

and Tunisia.

the testing and development of

marine technologies at the site,

and ensure they are adhered to

in order to properly and competi-tively establish the emerging U.S.

wave energy industry.

The development of such test

sites in the United States, which

reduce costs and risks of deploy-

ment and enable technology

developers to learn more rap-idly in a highly monitored envi-

ronment, said Jarett Goldsmith,

project manager for wave and

tidal energy at GL Garrad Hassan

America, is critical for growth

of the wave energy sector from

its early stages into a fully real-ized commercial industry in this

country.

[ Wave Energycont. from p20 ]
http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=22&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ren21.net%2FREN21Activities%2FRegionalStatusReports.aspxhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=22&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ren21.net%2FREN21Activities%2FRegionalStatusReports.aspxhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=22&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ren21.net%2FREN21Activities%2FRegionalStatusReports.aspx

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TemposonicsAbsolute, Non-Contact Position Sensors

Obama Sets Goal To Help Power

Africa With Clean EnergyMIDDLE EAST & AFRICAIn July, U.S. President

Obama announced a plan in which U.S. compa-nies will work with African nations to double the

amount of power in the region. The initiative seeks

to develop clean geothermal, hydro, wind and solar

energy. More than two-thirds of sub-Saharan Africa

does not have electricity and a greater percentage of

those in rural areas in the region lack electricity.

The U.S. will commit more than $7 billion in

financial support over the next five years through

initiatives with the Export-Import Bank, the

Millennium Challenge Corporation, OPIC, the U.S.Trade and Development Agency, the Agency for

International Development and the U.S. African

Development Foundation. Partner countries include

Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, and

Tanzania. The initiative has attracted more than

$9 billion from private-sector companies includ-ing Aldwych International, which committed to

developing 400 MW of wind power in Kenya and

Tanzania; Harith General Partners, which commit-

ted $70 million to wind power investment in Kenya

and set up a $500 million fund to be used across

the African power sector; and Husk Power Systems,

which is installing up to 200 decentralized bio-

mass-based mini power plants in Tanzania.

Helping power Africa is an opportunity to

protect our planet and combat climate change,Obama said at the University of Cape Town. So, a

light where currently there is darkness; the energy

needed to lift people out of poverty thats what

opportunity looks like, he said.

http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=23&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2FREW.hotims.comhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=23&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtssensor.com

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newsREGIONAL


400-MW Ethiopian Wind Farm Planning UnderwayMIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

SgurrEnergy announced that

it is providing wind monitor-

ing and analysis services for

phase 1 of a 400-MW wind farm

development in Debre Birhan,

75 miles north of Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia. Terra Global Energy

Developers, the first U.S. com-

pany to enter into the Ethiopian

wind market, is developing the

project. SgurrEnergy will pro-

vide analysis for a 12-month

wind measurement campaign

as part of the projects technical

and financial feasibility stage.

Wind data is currently being

collected by Terra using two

60m met masts, located onsite.

Based on measured site data,

SgurrEnergys team provides

data management services, data

recovery and monthly report-

ing as well as site suitability and

Interactive Map Shows RenewableEnergy Projects At-a-GlanceMIDDLE EAST & AFRICAThe Clean Energy BusinessCouncil (CEBC) represents companies involved in

clean energy development and deployment in the

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Created

to serve as a bridge between the private and pub-

lic sectors to drive development of clean energy, the

council seeks to develop regulation and policy sup-

port to enable the clean energy industry to flourish

in the region. In its efforts to inform and educate thewider community, last year the council in partner-

ship with Ambata, a clean technology investment

and advisory firm, launched an interactive map that

showcases clean energy projects in MENA.

The projects mapped by the Clean Energy

Business Council and Ambata range from small,

off-grid projects of several kilowatts to utility-scale

plants like the 100 megawatt Shams 1 project. (The

Shams 1 project was profiled on pp. 46-47 in the

July/August 2013 issue of Renewable Energy World).

Sortable by region, project size, operation date,

status and technology, and based on Google technol-

ogy, the map gives an overview of renewable energy

activity in MENA and allows users to drill down into

individual project to see specifics about it.

The map shows that renewables are just start-

ing to make an impact on the region, according

to Daniel Zywietz, Managing Director of Ambata

Capital Middle East, Deputy Chair of the CEBC andthe projects director. The renewables industry is

in a similar position today to the oil industry 100

years ago it took a long time to gain market-

share from coal but today oil is one of the worlds

primary sources of energy. Renewables will follow

a similar trajectory, he said. The Clean Energy Map by the CEBC. Credit CEBC.
http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=24&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleanenergybusinesscouncil.com%2Fen%2Fmap%2Fhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=24&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleanenergybusinesscouncil.com%2Fen%2Fmap%2F

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site classification. The company

has also provided a preliminary

six-month energy yield analysis,

providing Terra with an Annual

Energy Production (AEP) of theproject and offering advice on

wind farm layout and WTG

model selection.

Once the 12-month

measurement campaign is fin-

ished, SgurrEnergy will provide

a full, bank-grade site suit-

ability report and energy yield

analysis that will allow Terra to

obtain the necessary lendersfunding approval to progress

the project into construction,

according to SgurrEnergy.

Gareth Brown, principal

consultant in SgurrEnergys

Vancouver office, said, The

Ethiopia Wind Project is a realmilestone for the expansion of

renewable energy development,

not only in Ethiopia, but in East

Africa as a whole.

According to The World

Bank, Ethiopia has one of

the fastest growing econo-

mies in Africa. With abundant

wind, solar, and geothermal

resources, the country hasgreat potential for renewable

energy development.

Editors note: For an in-depth look at Wind Resource Planning, check out our

feature The Air Up There: Remote Sensing Gains Ground on page 49.

EU PV GRID Project Proposes Solar Stability PlanEuropes solar photovoltaic (PV)

industry has presented propos-

als for improved grid integration

of photovoltaic power plants as

part of its EU PV GRID project,

which is developing both tech-

nical solutions for grid integra-

tion for 17 European countries

and cost-efficient alternatives to

grid expansion.

State-of-the-art PV systems

are small power plants that pro-

vide valuable system services for

the networks, thus fulfilling a

key role for regional stakehold-

ers in the Energiewende, said

Jrg Mayer, Managing Director

of the German Solar Industry

Association (BSW), coordinator

of the EU PV GRID project.

Introducing a package of mea-

sures the document offers a pri-

oritized review of all technical

solutions available on the net-

work, consumer and PV system

sides in order to enhance the dis-

tribution grids hosting capacity

and operational efficiency.

In the first phase of the proj-

ect, the most appropriate techni-

cal solutions were identified. In

a second phase, based on these

results, the 21-member consor-

tium will investigate actions that

will allow a swifter and more

economical implementation

those technical solutions.

Phase one addressed the two

main distribution grid con-

straints: voltage fluctuation

and congestion management.

Among the solutions

EUROPE

Terra Global Energys met masts

collect data for the proposed 400-

MW Ethiopian Wind Farm. Credit

SgurrEnergy.

[ cont >]

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newsREGIONAL


Renewable Transport Fuels Could be

Competitive with Fossil Fuels by 2020EUROPEAdvanced biofuels, bio-

methane and electric vehicles

could out-compete conventional

transport options like gasoline

by the end of the decade, the

International Renewable Energy

Agency (IRENA) concluded in a

new study.

IRENA said the signs are

encouraging, but continued

research and development,

funded by both public and pri-

vate sources, remains essential,

as are continued investments in

recharging stations for electric

cars and refueling stations for

EIB Support forRenewables InvestmentEUROPEFollowing a 10-month

review of its energy sector

lending policies, the European

Investment Bank (EIB) has

adopted new guidelines to sup-

port investment in renewables.

EIB said it will now focus on

financing energy efficiency,

renewable energy and energy

networks as well as related

research and innovation, and itwill no longer support fossil-fired

power developments that do not

meet strict carbon emissions cri-

teria. This essentially removes

EIB support for coal-fired plants.

Mihai Tanasescu, EIB Vice

President responsible for energy

lending, explained the new pol-

icy, saying: Adoption of the

new lending criteria reflects

the urgent investment chal-

lenges currently facing the

energy sector. Prioritizing lend-

ing to energy efficiency, renew-

able energy, energy networks

and energy RDI projects will

help EU to meet its energy

and climate objectives and

create local employment across

Europe. The new Emissions

Performance Standard will

ensure that outside these sec-

tors the Banks energy lending

makes a sustainable and posi-

tive contribution to economic

growth.Over the last five years EIB

lending to power generation proj-

ects using fossil fuels declined,

with coal and lignite power sta-

tions representing less than 1.5

percent of its overall portfolio.

The new energy lending cri-

teria include streamlined guide-

lines for lending for energy

efficiency projects designed

to enhance co-financing of

national energy efficiency pro-

grams and enable increased

financial support for near-zero

energy buildings.

identified for Distribution System

Operators (DSOs) are network

reinforcement, but also the use

of On Load Tap Changers for MV/

LV transformers devices that

are able to adjust the lower volt-

age value of an energized trans-

former and Static VAR Control

to provide instantaneous reac-

tive power under various net-

work conditions.

On the consumer side, solu-

tions include storing electric-

ity at the homeowner level and

incentivising self-consumption

through tariffs. Other solutions

include curtailment of power

feed-in or active power control

by the PV inverter.

Hans-Joachim Reck,

Managing Director of the

Executive Board of the

Association for Local PublicUtilities (VKU), commented

that Municipal utility compa-

nies, as local network opera-

tors, are the natural partners of

the solar industry and also pro-

vide support in the direct mar-

keting of solar power. Increasing

numbers of communal com-

panies are already offering

their customers environmen-

tally friendly solar power within

the framework of their energy

mix. Municipal utility compa-

nies are thus contributing to an

economic transformation of the

energy system.

You can download the docu-

ment here.

[ EU PV Gridcont. from p25]
http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=26&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pvgrid.eu%2Ffileadmin%2F130626_PVGRID_D3_1_Final.pdfhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=26&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pvgrid.eu%2Ffileadmin%2F130626_PVGRID_D3_1_Final.pdf

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biomethane vehicles.

However, the analysis Road

Transport: The Cost of Renewable

Solutions finds this will only

be achieved if support policies areenhanced and expanded to get

these options rolling. The Agency

warns that policy changes, and

short-sighted reactions to budget-

ary constraints, could undermine

important achievements to ready

the transport sector for a sustain-

able energy future.

IRENAs Director-General,

Adnan Z. Amin, explained

that the signs are promising:

a range of technology path-

ways are being explored, amid

competition to prove the effi-

ciency, reliability and up-

scalability of innovative new

renewable transport fuels.

Electric vehicles, using renew-able electricity, are also part of

the intensifying competition,

with mass-produced plug-in

hybrids and pure electric vehi-

cles appearing from a range of

manufacturers, and costs will

keep coming down with wider

deployment. He cautioned that

delaying support and investment

for these renewable technologies

now would endanger the prog-

ress made towards aspirational

targets for future years.

While renewable energy use

is generally considered to be low

in the transport sector, account-

ing for 3.3 percent of energy con-

sumption for road transport,according to IRENA, conventional

biofuels have suffered due to feed-

stock price volatility. Advanced

biofuels are just starting to be

produced at commercial scale and

need further support for research,

development and deployment to

find the least-cost technologies.

While the road just ahead is

challenging, we can now see the

beginnings of widely available,

competitive renewable options

for transport, Amin said.

For more information,enter 12 at REW.hotims.com
http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=mailto%3Aoffice%40wpu.com.uahttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpu.com.uahttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2FREW.hotims.comhttp://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irena.org%2Fmenu%2Findex.aspx%3Fmnu%3DSubcat%26PriMenuID%3D36%26CatID%3D141%26SubcatID%3D342http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irena.org%2Fmenu%2Findex.aspx%3Fmnu%3DSubcat%26PriMenuID%3D36%26CatID%3D141%26SubcatID%3D342http://digital.renewableenergyworld.com/renewableenergyworld/20130910/TrackLink.action?pageName=27&exitLink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irena.org%2Fmenu%2Findex.aspx%3Fmnu%3DSubcat%26PriMenuID%3D36%26CatID%3D141%26SubcatID%3D342

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3,500 5

2002

Source: ESTIF 2013

Solar thermal market in EU27 and Switzerland

Glazed collectorsMWth m2 (millions)

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

5000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

4

3

2

1

0Other 20 EU countries and Switzerland

Next top 6 countries(AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL)

Germany

Source:ESTIF 2013

Shares of the EuropeanSolar Thermal Market

Newly installed capacity

DE 34%

IT 10%

PL 9%FR 7%

GR 7%

ES 7%

AT 6%

CH 4%

DK 3%PT 3%

BE 2%UK 2% Others 8%

newsREGIONAL


Growth Flat for European

Solar Thermal Markets

EUROPEA newly publishedreport, Solar Thermal Markets

in Europe - Trends and Market

Statistics 2012, reveals the

growth of Europes solar ther-

mal sector over the past year,

with some 2.4 GWth installed

during 2012. This volume, some

3.4 million square meters, is a

decrease of 6.4 percent in com-

parison with the previous year,

according to the study from

the European Solar Thermal

Industry Association (ESTIF).

According to the document,

while in 2012 the European mar-

ket experienced a reduction

in the overall newly installed

capacity, the total installed

capacity registered a netincrease of 2 GWth, now reach-

ing 28.3 GWth, equivalent to 40.5

million m. Overall, this rep-

resents an increase of 7.7 per-

cent compared with 2011s total

installed capacity.

ESTIF concludes that the

European market continues

to suffer from the constraints

imposed by the financial and

economic crises affecting most

of the continent, resulting in

a sluggish construction sec-

tor and reduction of public sup-

port schemes for solar thermal.

The annual market has been

contracting since the peak year

of 2008. The 2.41 GWth sold in

2012 are well above the 2007

sales (2 GWth /2.88 million m)

but are a far cry from the 3.36

GWth (4.8 million m) reached

in 2008, the report states.

Over the past ten years,

ESTIFs analysis showed a con-

tinuous steep uptrend in the

growth rate up to 2008; followed

by a decline, steeper in the first

two years (2009, 2010) and then

flattening out (2011, 2012).

In spite of the

decrease recorded

over the last four

years, ESTIF said

that over the past

decade the annual

market size has

doubled with anaverage annual

growth rate of

10 percent.

Residential

applications still

represent the bulk

of the market, but larger instal-

lations are increasing too. While

large systems above 35 kWth for

commercial heating and cooling

applications have shown pos-

itive development, ESTIF said

it is mainly in very large sys-

tems above 350 kWth (or 500

m of collector area) that the

market has been moving rap-

idly. Denmark, for example,

was confirmed as the land of

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700

CY

Source: ESTIF 2013

Solar thermal capacity in operationPer 1000 capita

kWthm2

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

AT GR DE CH MT DK SI PT EU

27+

LU IE ES IT CZ SE BE

400

600

800

200

0


large solar district heating last

year, with a total of 71.4 MWth

(102,000 m) installed, bring-

ing total installed capacity to

196 MWth (280 000 m), solely

in large solar thermal plants.

According to ESTIF, Denmark

accounts for 65 percent of the

European total installed capac-

ity in large systems.

Siemens Completes HelWin1HVDC Offshore Platform InstallEUROPEA key development

in linking the two offshore

wind farms Nordsee Ost and

Meerwind to the German main-

land has been completed accord-

ing to Siemens, which says it

has installed the HelWin1 off-

shore platform in the North Sea.Using Siemens HVDC technol-

ogy, the HelWin1 will transform

the alternating current gener-

ated by the wind turbines into

direct current for transmission

onto land. The link is due to be

energised in 2014 and will enable

the power to be transferred to

the land-based station located

northwest of Hamburg in Bttel,

where electricity will be con-

verted back into AC for the grid.

Network operator TenneT con-

tracted a consortium consist-

ing of Siemens and the Italian

cable specialist Prysmian for

the HelWin1 connection in 2010.

The consortium is implement-

ing a total of four North Sea grid

connection projects for TenneT:

HelWin1 and 2 off of Helgoland,

BorWin2 off Borkum and

SylWin1 off of Sylt. Installation

of the platform for HelWin1 con-

stitutes reaching a key milestone

in our series of grid connec-

tion projects. The transmissioncapacity of our projects involves

a total of 6.2 GW of electric

power from renewable sources,

remarked Lex Hartman, mem-

ber of TenneT management

board. The HelWin1 platform

was anchored at its final posi-

tion northwest of the island of

Helgoland in 23-metre-deep

waters. Ten steel pilings up to

3.2 meters in diameter and up to

100 meters long were anchored

in the seabed for attachment of

the structure. The platform is

installed 22 meters above sea

level to protect it against wave

impacts, having been designed

for decades of operation in the

North Sea.Fabricated by Nordic

Yards at Wismar under con-tract by Siemens, at 12,000 tons

the HelWin1 platform has seven

decks with a total of 24 berths.

Up to 100 employees will be

active on the platform for the

subsequent project phase in the

North Sea, for example connect-

ing the two Prysmian subsea

cables, each with a length of 130

km. The cable route covers 85

km at sea and 45 km over land.

Transmission will take place

at 250 kV DC and the HelWin1

HVDC platform has a capacity

of 576 MW. Total transmission

losses are less than 4 percent,

Siemens says.Final commission-

ing of HelWin1 is scheduled for

the second half of 2014.

The HelWin1 HVDC station. Credit

Siemens.

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