revolutions 1/22/13 mrmilewski
DESCRIPTION
Revolutions 1/22/13 http://mrmilewski.com. OBJECTIVE: Examine the Austrian Hapsburgs and the Prussians. I. Journal#15 pt.A -Examine the map on p.437 -Answer questions (1-3) p.437 II. Journal#15 pt.B -notes on Austria & Prussia III. Homework Friday 1/25/13 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Revolutions 1/22/13http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the Austrian Hapsburgs and the Prussians.
• I. Journal#15 pt.A-Examine the map on p.437-Answer questions (1-3) p.437
• II. Journal#15 pt.B-notes on Austria & Prussia
• III. Homework Friday 1/25/131.) Read Chapter#17 section#3 p.430-435
-Answer questions (1-7)* p.4352.) Chapter#17 section#4 p.436-439
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4393.) Read Chapter#17 section#5 p.440-443
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4434.) Chapter#17 Review
NOTICE: Chapter#17 Test Friday 1/25/13
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This Week
• Parent Teacher Conference Thursday 5-8PM• Chapter#17 Test Friday
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The Holy Roman Empire 1618• Voltaire (French
Philosopher) said that the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, Roman, nor an Empire.
• It was a patchwork of hundreds of small states that paid little attention to the emperor.
• The north was Protestant.• The south was Catholic.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Imperial_Circles-2005-10-15-de.png/300px-Imperial_Circles-2005-10-15-de.png
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The Thirty Years’ War• The war began in Bohemia (Czech
Republic) as Ferdinand, the Hapsburg king of Bohemia sought to suppress Protestants and assert royal authority.
• In May 1618, a couple of Royal officials were tossed out of a castle window by two Protestant noblemen.
• The war began.• With the support of Poland, Spain,
and other Catholic nations, Ferdinand sought to roll back the reformation.
• The Bohemians were defeated and this caused the Protestant nations of the Netherlands and Sweden to send troops into Germany.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ferdinand2.jpg/200px-Ferdinand2.jpg
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Europe at War• The once local conflict spread.• Political motives outweighed
religious ones as Catholic & Protestant rulers changed alliances to meet their needs.
• Example: Catholic France joined Lutheran Sweden against the Catholic Austrian Hapsburgs.
• Bands of mercenaries destroyed all in their path.
• Murder & torture were followed by famine & disease.
• 1/3 of the population of the German states died in the Thirty Years’ War.
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/1/12/320px-Battle_of_Lutzen.jpg
http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/252/25299.jpg
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Treaty of Westphalia 1648• Because so many European powers
had been involved, a series of treaties had to be accepted by the exhausted combatants.
• They tried to solve all the European problems and international problems as well.
• France emerged as the clear winner
• They gained territory in both German and Spanish frontiers.
• The Hapsburgs were the losers. The princes of the Holy Roman Empire received almost total independence.
• The Netherlands and the Swiss Federation (Switzerland) were established.
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/e/e3/300px-The_Ratification_of_the_Treaty_of_Münster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpg
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The Germans• Germany was divided
into 360 separate states.
• They acknowledged the leadership of the Holy Roman Emperor, but each state had its own government, coinage, state church, armed forces, and foreign policy.
• Germany, could have possibly been the most powerful nation in Europe, but it remained divided for another 200 years.
http://home.versatel.nl/gerardvonhebel/euro1648.GIF
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Hapsburg Austria
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/dfg/core/hapsb.jpg
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Hapsburg Austria• They kept the title of “Holy Roman
emperors”, but focused attention on expanding their own territory.
• They added Bohemia, Hungary, and later parts of Poland & Italy.
• They had many difficulties ruling this diverse empire.
• Further difficulties faced the Hapsburgs when Charles VI had no male heir.
• When Frederick II of Prussia seized a rich Hapsburg province (Silesia) Maria Theresa looked for help (Hungary, Britain & Russia).
• During the eight year war she failed to regain the lost territory, but she preserved the empire and won the support of her subjects.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_(HRR).jpg/305px-Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_(HRR).jpg
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Revolutions 1/23/13http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine “Fit to Rule”.
• I. Administrative Stuff-Attendance
• II. The Day the Universe Changed-questions on episode#8 “Fit to Rule”
• III. Homework Friday 1/25/131.) Read Chapter#17 section#3 p.430-435
-Answer questions (1-7)* p.4352.) Chapter#17 section#4 p.436-439
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4393.) Read Chapter#17 section#5 p.440-443
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4434.) Chapter#17 Review
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Revolutions 1/24/13http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the Polish & Czarist Empires.
• I. Journal#16 pt.A-Examine the map on p.442-Answer questions (1-3) p.442
• II. Journal#16 pt.B-finish notes on Prussia & notes on Poland & Russia
• III. Homework due TOMORROW!1.) Read Chapter#17 section#3 p.430-435
-Answer questions (1-7)* p.4352.) Chapter#17 section#4 p.436-439
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4393.) Read Chapter#17 section#5 p.440-443
-Answer questions (1-6)* p.4434.) Chapter#17 Review
• NOTICE: Chapter#17 Test TOMORROW!
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Prussia• After the Treaty of Westphalia,
the Protestant Hohenzollern family united their lands & took over the states that were between them.
• They imposed absolute power by reducing the independence of the nobles called Junkers.
• They set up an efficient bureaucracy & built the best trained army in Europe.
• By 1740, they were strong enough to challenge their neighbor and rival Austria.
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/prfrederick.gif
“Prussia is not a state which possesses an army, but an army that possesses a state.”
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Frederick the Great• Frederick II took the throne in
1740.• His dad, Frederick William
wanted him to be a soldier, but he preferred playing the flute & writing poetry.
• His dad had one of his friends beheaded in front of him for helping the young Frederick with his own interests.
• As king, he wasted no time putting this military training to use and expanded the size of the empire.
http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Anton-Graff/Frederick-the-Great-Giclee-Print-C12471506.jpeg
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The Slavs• Before Mongol invasion,
Slaves from central heartland (West Slavs) of Russia migrate into modern day nations (lands) of Poland, Czech Rep, Slovakia.
• South Slavs migrate in the Balkans (ancestors of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes)
• Balkans continually invaded by waves of Asian & Germanic people (Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, Magyars, Germans & Vikings)
• Byzantine culture spreads into the Balkans & Russia.
http://www.geocities.com/reginheim/slavs.gif
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Poland• German Knights &
missionaries spread Roman Catholic Christianity into Poland, Hungary, & Czech areas.
• West Europe’s persecution of the Jews forces them into Poland where the Polish king follows a policy of Jewish tolerance.
• Jewish scholars contribute to cultural development of Poland.
http://www.state.gov/cms_images/map_poland_flag.jpg
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Poland• The first king is
crowned in 1000AD.• To survive, the new
kingdom had to battle German, Russia, & Mongol forces.
• This caused the king to centralize power before the neighboring areas did.
http://asv.vatican.va/immagini/visit/p_nob/p_nobile_sala3_06.jpg
Casimir I, King of Poland (1034-1058), after defeating the enemies, offers his kingdomto Gregory VI (1045-1046), as St. Peter’s pence
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Poland’s Great Age• Queen Jadwiga of Poland
married Duke Jagiello of Lithuania in 1386 united the nations.
• The Polish empire stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
• The University of Krakow was established.
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But,• When monarchs in
Western Europe & Russia gradually gained power at the expense of the nobles Poland does it backwards.
• Without a strong central government to unite Polish nobles, Poles couldn’t fight off invaders (sort of like Rome).
http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/Poland1795.jpg
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Poland’s Last Stand• In 1683, King Jan
Sobieski broke the Ottoman siege of Vienna.
• This ended the Ottoman advance into Europe.
• Over the next century, Poland disappeared from the map entirely.
http://www.nyc24.org/2002/issue01/story02/images/sobieski.jpg
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Prince Vladimir• In 988, the ruler of
Kiev, Prince Vladimir converted to Byzantine Christianity (Orthodox).
• This caused Russians to be alienated from Western Europeans who were Roman Catholics.
http://www.unn.runnet.ru/pic/museum/kresch.jpg
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Ivan the Great• Ivan III, 1462-1505
• He ended Mongol rule in 1480 (refused to pay any more taxes to them)
• Conquered additional land
• Built a strong gov’t based on Byzantine ideas
• He took the title Czar, Russian for Caesar
• He was an autocrat and ruled with absolute powerhttp://www.guidetorussia.org/im/ivan4.jpg
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Ivan the Terrible• Ivan IV mid 1500s• He was the grandson of Ivan the
Great.• He strengthen the power of the
autocracy by creating a secret police force & conducting a reign of terror against powerful independent nobles who opposed him.
• He expanded Russian boarders & made contact with the west.
• He issued laws that bound peasants to the land as a result serfdom took root in Russia while it was on the decline in the West.http://encyclopedia.quickseek.com/images/Kremlinpic4.jpg
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Peter the Great• Peter I, late 1600s.• Russia fell behind the West
following the Renaissance in areas of technology, military power, and empire.
• He hired western engineers, shipbuilders, and other technological experts to modernize the Russian army & navy, and build industry.
http://www.nndb.com/people/599/000078365/peter-the-great-2-sized.jpg
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Peter’s Capital• Peter build a new capital
city, later known as St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea.
• It was to be a window on the West.
• When conservative nobles refused to modernize he used force & terror to make them comply.
http://cse.unl.edu/~bkell/st-petersburg.jpg
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Examples• When Russian nobles refused to shave
their beards, Peter grabbed a pair of scissors & did it for them.
• He insisted that women, who had been kept in isolation, attend public events.
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Results of Peter’s Reforms
• His reforms closed the technology gap between Russia & the west, but didn’t eliminate it.
• Later leaders like Catherine the Great (late 1700s) continued Peter’s reforms during the Enlightenment, except when Enlightenment ideas conflicted with her own autocratic rule.
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Russian Expansion• For years Russian rulers
expanded their empires.
• Ivan IV opened Siberia to traders & explorers which eventually extended the empire to the pacific.
• Peter the Great won the cold water ports of modern day Estonia & Latvia
• Catherine the Great won warm water ports on the Black Sea & lands in modern day Poland, Lithuania, & Belarus.
http://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs/cath2russia.jpg
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The Russian Empire
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/zencmed/targets/maps/mhi/0c8600de.gif
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Revolutions 1/25/13 http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate Mastery of the Age of Absolutes.
• I. Administration Stuff-attendance
-distribution of test
• II. Chapter#17 Test
• III. TBA-TBD
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Revolutions 1/28/13http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine “Making Waves”.
• I. Administrative Stuff-Attendance
• II. The Day the Universe Changed-questions on episode#9 “Making Waves”
• III. Homework due Friday 2/1/131.)