Election of 1800Revolution of 1800

Jefferson defeats Adams 1st peaceful transfer

of power from one party to another

Adams last Federalist President

Jeffersonian DemocracyPolitical Party:Democratic-Republican

Pro - Farmer States Rights

Constitutional Interpretation:Strict

Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers

Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties

Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party

Jefferson the Man

Government PhilosophyLaissez – Faire: Leave it alone

Goal: Smaller Government

Reduce DebtEliminate Whiskey Tax

Reduce Army Size

Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program

Continued isolationist policyUsed loose interpretation of Constitution

when it suited him…

Jefferson as President…

Judicial Controversy

What were they?

Judges put in place by John Adams before he left the Presidency

How did T.J. deal with them?

them

Unsuccessfully to tried impeach

Marbury vs Madison“Midnight Judge” sues for his jobCase:

John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court

What was the big deal?

Established the precedent of “judicial review”

Federalist who served 34 yearsMarbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review

John Marshall & Supreme Court

Judicial ReviewEmpowers the Supreme Court to decide if a law is constitutional or unconstitutional

Louisiana PurchaseUnited States offered $ 10 million to France for New Orleans

French Response:

France offered the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million dollars

Why?

Napoleon needed money for his war in Europe

Lewis & ClarkLeaders of the fact finding expedition of the new territory

Sacagawea:

Indian princess who serves as a guide to the explorers

Jefferson’s Conflict:

Farm land Constitutional Power

Decision:Accepts a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution to make the land purchase

VS

The new United States border shifts from the Mississippi River to the:

Rocky Mountains

International Problems

VS

Impressment:

Forced service of U.S. Sailors into the British Navy

No US trade w/ foreign countriesLittle effect on GB & FranceFederalists, South, & West opposeNon-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues

no trade w/ GB, France

Jefferson’s ResponseEmbargo Act (1807-1809)

What were T.J.’s belief on the size of government? How did he go about achieving his results?

Who were the “midnight judges”? How did Jefferson attempt to deal with them?

Explain the significance of Marbury vs Madison. What precedent did it set? Who was the Chief Justice who presided over the event.

What do I have to know?

What caused Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?

What issues did T.J. have with the sale?What was the significance of the deal?Who were Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea?What problems did American sailors have

with Europe during this time? How did T.J. attempt to deal with this

issue?

Jefferson’s Presidency

4th President of the United States

“Little Man with Big Brain”

Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and

Henry Clay (KY)Madison asks Congress to declare war in

1812

Madison & Drift to War

Madison

Impressments & seizure of American ships

Causes of War of 1812

Resentment of BritishBritish incitement of IndiansDesire to annex Canada, Florida

Causes of War of 1812

Causes:

Farmers in South and West hurt economically

War of 1812

Trade Restrictions

British support Indian attacks on the frontier

American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:

Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.

Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.

Q Financially unprepared:

Flood of paper $.

Revenue from import tariffs declined.

Q Regional disagreements.

Regional self-interests led to a divided nation at war against the British.

Sectionalism!!!!!!

Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)

Wartime Events (1812-1815)

Battle of Tippecanoe

Indian Chief:Tecumseh

Fight over American movement into the frontier

U.S. Leader: William Henry Harrison

Indians flee to Canada

Battle of New Orleans

The Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815

The Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815

Fought after the peace treaty signed

Made a hero out of Andrew Jackson

Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814

Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814

“Not an inch gained, nor an inch lost”

Growth of American nationalismStrengthening of isolationismIncrease in westward migrationEncouragement of US industryHartford Convention disappearance of

Federalist Party

Results of War