revision- unit 5 · 1. there are many divisions in islam, but the main division is between sunnis...

Revision- Unit 5- living the Muslim life.

L.O: To Revise all Learning from the GCSE course

Thursday, 07 May 2020

Look at slide 4-55 to make detailed notes on the topic

• Complete practice questions from the book or revision guide or slide 3.

• Use the information on slide 4-55 to help you with this topic.

Example Questions

• A: Outline 3 purposes of worship (3)

• B: Explain two ways in which Muslims can help the poor. (4)

• C: Explain why Pilgrimage is important for Muslims (5)

• D: ‘The Shahadah is the least important aspect of worship’.

• A: Outline 3 reasons why Muslims pray(3)

• B: Explain two roles that the Mosque plays in a Muslims life (5)

• C: Explain two ways in which fasting helps a believer. (5)

• D: “Muslims are united by the way that they worship”

2.9 – Reasons for differences between Sunni and Shi’ah

communities

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2.9 – Reasons for differences between Sunni and Shi’ah communities

• When did the differences begin?

1. The division between Sunni and Shi’ahs Muslims began after the death of Muhammad (PBUH), over who should be the right person to lead the community

2. The differences between them are not on matters of basic belief but on the importance of Ali as the successor to Muhammad (PBUH)


• What are the main differences?

1. There are many divisions in Islam, but the main division is between Sunnis and Shi’ahs

2. About 85% of Muslims are Sunnis3. This means that they follow the sunnah (way of life) of

Muhammad (PBUH) as recorded in the Hadiths and except the authority only of the Qur’an and Hadith

4. The Shi’ahs follow the sunnah of Muhammad (PBUH), but also follow Hadiths from Ali and have a different attitude to leadership and authority

5. There are about 90 million Shi’ahs around the world, and about 800 million Sunnis


• Similarities between Sunnis and Shi’ahs

1. They believe in Allah and his prophet2. They believe in the authority of the Qur’an3. They believe in life after death and the

judgement to follow4. They both follow the 5 pillars


• Differences between Sunnis and Shi’ahs

1. Saying the shahadah – Shi’ahs may add ‘and I bear witness that Ali was the friend of God’

2. The practice of Salah – Shi’as prostrate the forehead onto earth or a small block of clay from Karbala

3. Important festivals and what they celebrate – Ashura, which commemorates the death of Hussain at Karbala, is the major mourning event for Shi’as

4. Places for pilgrimage – besides Makkah and Medina, Shi’as also go to Karbala and Najaf

5. How much should be given to the poor - Shi’as also give 20% of their savings called Khums besides Zakah


• What are the main differences between Sunnis and Shi’as and explain the reason behind the Shi'ah belief

Issue Sunni Shi’ah Reasons for Shi’ah belief

Person who leads the

community

4 rightly guided Khalifahs, the first of whom Sunnis

believe was chosen by the community

12 infallible Imams, the first of whom was Ali, the prophets

cousin and son-in-law

Ali was appointed by Allah and declared by the prophet on several occasions, the last being at Ghadir

e Khum, after the final hajj

Imam Devout and knowledgeable, Muslims who lead prayers (Imams)

Spiritual guides chosen by Allah and given special

knowledge; sinless (Imams)

Shi’ah believe Ali and the Imams descended from him inherited the light of divine knowledge

from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Interpreting the Qur’an

Interpreted by knowledgeable scholars based on the traditions

handed down

Interpreted by the Imams who have special understanding of the Qur’an. This knowledge is

passed on to scholars

Imams have divine guidance which gives them infallible

right to interpret the Qur’an

3.1 – The meaning and significance of the Shahadah as

a summary of Islamic belief

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3.1 – The meaning and significance of the Shahadah as a summary of Islamic belief

• What is the Shahadah?

1. The shahadah is the declaration of faith that anyone becoming a Muslim must make

2. It is the first pillar of Islam and the foundation on which the other pillars are based


• Why is the shahadah important for Muslims?

1. Repeated in Salah2. Keep saying it throughout the day3. Last words you hear or say before death4. Recited in the Adhan (call to prayer)5. Whisper it in the ear of a new born baby6. Teach it to children


• By declaring the shahadah what is a Muslim saying?

1. There is no room in their life for any god except Allah

2. The belief in Muhammad (PBUH) as the messenger of Allah is accepting that Islam, as given directly to the prophet by Allah.


• Why is the shahadah fundamental to a Muslims whole way of life?

1. Muslims believe that the purpose of life for human beings is to worship Allah alone

2. A Muslim performs every act in the name of Allah and to obtain the pleasure of Allah

3. Allah gave humans life and they have a responsibility to live it in the way Allah intended

3.2 – The practice and significance of Salah

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• Why do Muslims perform Salah?

1. It is commanded in the Qur’an2. They must remember Allah throughout their

day and prayer helps them do this3. It makes them feel closer to Allah4. It united with other Muslims5. It reconfirms their faith


• What are the rules of Salah?

1. Perform wudu2. Pray 5 times a day at set times3. Face Makkah4. Perform certain actions – standing, bowing,

prostrating, and sitting. These must be repeated in a certain order and a certain number of times

5. Recite in Arabic


• How does Salah show the unity of Islam?

1. The fact that all Muslims do this in the same language, facing the same direction and performing exactly the same actions, shows the unity of Islam

3.3 – The practice and significance of Zakah

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• What is Zakah?

1. Zakah is a special charity tax that Muslims have to pay2. It is commanded in the Qur'an and there are many

regulations about it3. Once a year Muslims should pay Zakah on their

income and savings4. The law schools say that Muslims should pay Zakah of

2.5% of their savings and on their income above their Nisab (the amount you need to live on)

5. Farmers have to pay proportions of their crops and livestock


• What should Zakah be used for?

1. To help the poor – Zakah should re-distribute wealth from rich to poor

2. To help orphans and widows3. To pay for upkeep of mosques and Muslim

schools4. To pay for Muslim missionary work


• Why must Muslims pay Zakah?

1. All Muslims should pay Zakah as purification of their wealth

2. Zakah means purification and Muslims believe that giving Zakah purifies what wealth a Muslim keeps so that it does not stop them from worshipping Allah properly

3. Muslims gives Zakah because it is one of the five pillars, it has been commanded in the Qur’an, it unifies the Ummah and it helps Muslims to help each other and show the brotherhood in Islam

3.4 – The relationship of Zakah to the Ummah

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3.4 – The relationship of Zakah to the Ummah

• Why is Zakah important for the Ummah?

1. Muslims have a duty to help other who are in need. Muhammad (PBUH) thought that whoever eats his fill while his neighbour remains hungry is not a believer and that giving Zakah reminds one that rich and poor are all members of the Ummah

2. Everyone obeying Allah's command unites the Ummah and demonstrates an act of faith

3. Knowing that all Muslims are giving Zakah at the same time, to be used for the same purposes, brings unity with other Muslims

4. Sharing resources strengthens the Ummah and helps people gain spiritual riches

3.5 & 3.6 – The practice and significance of Sawm during Ramadan and benefits of it

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• Describe Ramadan

1. Ramadan is the holiest month of the year because it contains they night of power

2. Fasting and prayer during this month unite the community in thought of others and focuses a Muslim on self-purification and seeking forgiveness from god


• During Ramadan, Muslims:

1. Must give up food and drink during the hours of daylight2. Must eat and drink in special meals at dusk and dawn so

that they can carry on a normal life3. Should read 1/30th of the Qur’an per day sp that they read

the whole Qur’an by the end of Ramadan4. Should say special prayers in the mosque at night (tarawih

prayers)5. Remember the night when Muhammad (PBUH) received

his first revelations from Allah6. Should not gossip, swear or tell lies


• Why do Muslims fast?

1. It is commanded in the Qur'an2. It is the 3rd pillar of Islam3. It is a celebration and thanksgiving for the gift of the Qur’an,

which was first revealed in Ramadan. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is Allah's word and therefore the most precious gift they have, so they should thank Allah for it during the month when it was first sent down

4. It shows a Muslims devotion to Allah5. It brings a Muslim closer to Allah6. Most Muslims believe that fasting in Ramadan brings forgiveness

of their sins


• Benefits of fasting

1. It brings Muslims closer to Allah2. It promotes self-control and submission to Allah's will3. It makes Muslims aware of the brotherhood of Islam

(Ummah) because all Muslims fast together and help each other through the difficulties of fasting

4. It helps Muslims give Zakah from the heart because they gain some understanding of what it is like to be poor

3.7 – The meaning and significance of the celebration of

Eid-ul-Fitr

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3.7 – The meaning and significance of the celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr

• What is Eid, what happens on Eid and what is the purpose of Eid?

1. The ending of the fast is celebrated by the feast of Eid-ul-Fitr2. On this day, Muslims wear new clothes and go to the mosque for

a special service3. After the Salah, the Imam gives a sermon about the benefits of

Ramadan and then the Muslims give their Eid Zakah to the mosque

4. After this Muslims visit each other and eat special foods and often the children are given presents

5. This festival marks the breaking of the fasting period6. Muslims do not only celebrate the end of the fasting but also

thank Allah for the help and strength that Allah gave them during Ramadan

3.7 – The meaning and significance of the celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr

• Why is it important to celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr?

1. Eid is also a time of forgiveness and for making amends2. Eid unites human beings in common joy. It reminds a

Muslim of the importance of harmony, human equality and compassion for all

3. Eid is also a time for giving and sharing, and allows Muslims the opportunity to reflect on the duty to help people who are less fortunate than themselves

4. Eid is the time for Muslims to appreciate their family, their friends and their responsibilities to the community of which they all are a part

3.8 – The meaning and significance of the events of Hajj

in Makkah

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3.8 – The meaning and significance of the events of Hajj in Makkah

• What is Hajj?

1. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Makkah which takes place in the month of Dhu al’Hijja

2. It follows the example of the prophet’s own pilgrimage and is commanded in the Qur'an

3. Hajj is the only one of the pillars that is not compulsory, although muslims perform it if they are able


• What muslims have to do to be able to go on Hajj?

1. They must have sufficient money, not only to pay for themselves, but also to provide to provide for their family while they are away. This is why Hajj is not compulsory

2. There must be in sound health3. They must wear the special pilgrim dress (known as Ihram). The

ihram is important because it means that everyone is equal during the hajj. The differenced of wealth, class and race have to disappear during hajj so that muslims are aware of the unity and brotherhood of Islam

4. Pilgrims have to give up perfumes, jewellery, etc and cannot enter legal agreements


• What happens on Hajj?

1. Putting on the ihram2. Go round the Ka’bah 7 times (tawaf)3. A fast walk between As-Safa and Al-Marwah on

the outskirts of Makkah4. Visiting Mina for midday prayers5. Standing at Arafat from noon to sunset6. Visiting Muzdalifah to collect pebbles7. Celebrating Eid-ul-Adha


• What is the route of pilgrimage?

?

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• What happens at Makkah and its relationship to the prophets?

1. The pilgrims go round the Ka’bah 7 times. Each time they try to touch the Ka’bah or kiss the black stone as a sign of devotion of Allah

2. They perform this ritual which is called a tawaf3. The pilgrims run between the hills of Marwa and Safa4. The pilgrims collect water from the Zamzam well5. They perform Salah and listen to a sermon in the

courtyard of the great mosque6. There are lot of prayers during hajj as the pilgrims become

united with Allah


• Why are the events of Hajj important for muslims?

1. The Ka’bah is the earthly focus for prayer2. Reminds muslims that they are part of the

Ummah3. Following in the footsteps of Muhammad

(PBUH)4. Obeying Allah is the central focus of a Muslim's

life5. Makkah is the holiest city for muslims


• Why is Hajj important?

1. It is the 5th pillar2. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) went on hajj3. The places of hajj are connected with the great prophets of Islam: Muhammad

(PBUH), Adam, Ibrahim and Ismail4. It makes muslims realise that Islam is not a new religion; it came from Adam and

Ibrahim before Muhammad (PBUH)5. All the sins muslims confess at Arafat will be forgiven and they will not have to

read them out on the last day. Therefore, muslims can start new life after Hajj6. It brings the muslims close to Allah7. It makes the pilgrims aware of the power and unity of Islam as over 2 million

muslims of many races, colours and languages say the same words and perform the same actions in the same place

8. If a pilgrim dies on Hajj they go straight to heaven and do not wait for judgement day

3.9 - The meaning and significance of the events of Hajj at Arafat

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• What happens at Arafat?

1. Arafat is where Hajj pilgrims stand and pray to Allah for forgiveness for a whole day

2. It is the most important part of Hajj


• What do the pilgrims do at Arafat?

1. The pilgrims listen to a sermon given by the Imam from the Mount of Mercy

2. Then they stand up for several hours and confess their sins. Arafat is where Adam and Eve landed after being thrown out of Eden and is where Adam confessed his sin, was forgiven and made a prophet

3. Muslims believe that the final judgement will take place on the plain of Arafat and so if they confess their sins at Arafat and they are forgiven by god (as Islam teaches they will be), then those sins will not count against them when judgement day comes


• What is the significance of standing at Arafat?

1. Allah forgives the sins muslims confess so that they can start their lives afresh

2. Muslims show commitment to Allah by obeying his command and praying all day in the heat of the sun

3. Standing at Arafat is preparation for standing before Allah on the day of Judgement

4. Taking part in the experience reminds muslims that they are a small part of Allah's creation and are dependant on Allah for their well-being. This develops humility

5. After the experience most muslims (now Hajjis) return home feeling better able to live their lives as Allah has commanded

3.10 – The meaning and significance of the events of Hajj at Mina

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• What does the stoning at Mina represent?

1. Going to Mina and stoning the pillars symbolises the pilgrims rejecting Satan and preparing to return home spiritually refreshed


• What happens at Mina?

1. On the way from Arafat to Mina the pilgrims gather 49 stones, which they throw at the pillar of stoning at Mina. They do this to remember how Ibrahim stoned the devil at Mina when the devil attempted him to disobey Allah and not sacrifice his son

2. As they do this, they also promise to get rid of all the evil in their hearts

3. On the tenth of Dhu al’Hijja, the pilgrims gather to make their sacrifice. Often pilgrims join together with a sacrifice, but they kill it themselves to remember the way in which Ibrahim was prepared to sacrifice his son Ismail

3.11 – The celebration of Eid-ul-Adha

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• What happens on Eid-ul-Adha?

1. The sacrifice at Mina is the one event of Hajj that all muslims join in2. At mosques all over the world, there is a congregational prayer as on Eid-ul-Fitr3. Then families gather together to make the sacrifice and eat as a celebratory

meal4. In the united kingdom, muslims to wish to make a sacrifice, themselves will

sacrifice a chicken, as this does not require as abattoir5. Otherwise, they pay a halal butcher to make the sacrifice for them6. Instead of sharing the left over meat with the poor they pay an Eid Zakah7. Eid-ul-Adha is known as the ‘festival of sacrifice’ or the ‘Great Eid’8. This festival comes at the end of Hajj9. This festival reminds muslims of sacrifice and also about the prophet Ibrahim

and his son Ismail


• Why is Eid-ul-Adha important?

1. It reminds Muslims that Allah is great and that they must try to worship in every aspect of their lives

2. It helps those who were not on Hajj to share the spirit of hajj with those of their family or community who were able to go to Makkah and reinforces the feeling of the Ummah

3. The sacrifice of an animal reminds muslims that they should be prepared to give up anything to serve Allah

4. The history behind the various activities of hajj reminds muslims that their faith is not new but was, they believe, ordained by Allah from the very beginning of time

4.2 – Islamic teachings on greater and lesser jihad and the effects of

this teaching on a Muslims life

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4.2 – Islamic teachings on greater and lesser jihad and the effects of this teaching on a Muslims life

• What is Jihad?

1. Jihad means ‘to struggle’2. Lesser jihad refers to fighting for the cause of

Islam and has very strict guidelines3. Greater jihad it the struggle each Muslim has

to lead a life that is pleasing to Allah


• What are the rules for and against lesser jihad?

For:1. In defence against an attacker2. To protect the oppressed3. To preserve the Islamic way of life4. Declared by a recognised and respected religious leader

Against:1. To gain land2. Indiscriminate use of violence, such as killing civilians3. To start the fight4. Must not be declared for political reasons


• How does the teaching of jihad affect the lives of Muslims?

1. The teachings on jihad means that life must always be a struggle for a Muslim

2. If a Muslim is struggling to make themselves a good Muslim, it means that they will be trying to practice all 5 of the pillars and trying to fulfil all the regulations in the Shari’ah

3. Perfect Muhammad (PBUH) will then have to struggle to make the world Muslim


• What are the rules for and against lesser jihad?

For:1. In defence against an attacker2. To protect the oppressed3. To preserve the Islamic way of life4. Declared by a recognised and respected religious leader

Against:1. To gain land2. Indiscriminate use of violence, such as killing civilians3. To start the fight4. Must not be declared for political reasons

revision- unit 5 · 1. there are many divisions in islam, but the main division is between sunnis...

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