revision. mintzberg’s 10 management roles interpersonal – figurehead : symbolic head – leader...
TRANSCRIPT
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Revision
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Mintzberg’s 10 Management Roles
• Interpersonal– Figurehead : symbolic head– Leader : Responsible for the motivation and activation of
subordinates; responsible for staffing, training, and associated duties.
– Liaison: Maintains self-developed network of outside contact and informers who provide favors and information.
• Informational– Monitor :Seeks and receives a wide variety of special information
(much of it current) to develop a thorough understanding of the organization and environment.
– Disseminator: Transmits information received from outsiders or from subordinates to members of the organization.
– Spokesperson: Transmits information to outsiders on the organization’s plans, policies, actions, results and so forth; serves as an expert on the organization’s industry
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Mintzberg’s 10 Management Roles
•Decisional– Entrepreneur: Searches the organization and its
environment for opportunities and initiates improvement projects to bring about change; supervises design of certain projects
– Disturbance Handler: Responsible for corrective action when the organization faces important, unexpected disturbances
– Resource Allocation: Responsible for the allocation of organization resources of all kinds
– Negotiator: Responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations
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Technologies for Decision-Making Processes
Type of Decision Technology Support Needed
Structured(Programmed)
MIS, Management Science Models, Transaction Processing
Semistructured DSS, KMS, GSS, CRM, SCM
Unstructured(Unprogrammed)
GSS, KMS, ES, Neural networks
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What each Phase consists of?• The Intelligence Phase consists of:
- Organizational objectives. - Search and scanning procedures.- Data collection. - Problem identification.- Problem ownership. - Problem classification.- Problem statement.
• The Design Phase consists of:- Formulate a model. - Set criteria for choice.- Search for alternatives. - Predict and measure outcomes.
• The Choice Phase consists of:- Solution to the model. - Selection of the best (good) alternative (s).- Plan for implementation.
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Decision Support Systems
• Choice Phase– Identification of best alternative– Identification of good enough alternative– What-if analysis– Goal-seeking analysis– May use KMS, GSS, CRM, ERP, and SCM systems
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Decision Support Systems
• Implementation Phase– Improved communications– Collaboration– Training– Supported by KMS, expert systems, GSS
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Data Integration
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Database Models• Hierarchical– Top down, like inverted tree– Fields have only one “parent”, each “parent” can have
multiple “children”– Fast used in transaction (insert, delete, update) processing.
• Network – Relationships created through linked lists, using pointers– “Children” can have multiple “parents”– Greater flexibility, substantial overhead
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Database Models• Relational– Flat, two-dimensional tables with multiple access queries– Examines relations between multiple tables– Flexible, quick, and extendable with data independence– Best used in retrieving data.
• Object oriented– Data analyzed at conceptual level– Inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation
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Data Warehouse
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Data MiningData mining solving these classes of problems– Classification– Clustering– Association– Sequencing // like association but over a period of time.– Regression // form of estimation.– Forecasting– Others
• Hypothesis (we assume a situation & start investigation)or discovery driven (it come from the facts).
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Static & Dynamic Models
A decision to make or buy a product is static in nature. In which static model take a static single snapshot of a situation so it has a single interval. It is presumed to be repeated with identical conditions.
Dynamic model represent scenarios that change over time. It is time dependent they used to generate trends.
©2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
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©2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
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Decision-Making
• Certainty– Assume complete knowledge– All potential outcomes known– Easy to develop– Resolution determined easily– Can be very complex
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©2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
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Decision-Making
• Uncertainty– Several outcomes for each decision– Probability of occurrence of each outcome
unknown– Insufficient information– Assess risk and willingness to take it– Pessimistic / optimistic approaches
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©2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
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MSS Mathematical Models
• Link decision variables, uncontrollable variables, and result variables together
• decision variables, uncontrollable variables are the parameters while result variables are the outcomes which considered as dependent variables.
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©2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
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MSS Mathematical Models
– Decision variables describe alternative choices they could be people, time and schedules.
– Uncontrollable variables are outside decision-maker’s control these factors can be fixed, in which case they are called parameters and they can vary.
– Fixed factors are parameters. – Intermediate outcomes produce intermediate result
variables.– Result variables are dependent on chosen solution and
uncontrollable variables.
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