revision first term
TRANSCRIPT
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NIVEL INTERMEDIO
REVISION FIRST TERM
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SUMMARY
VERB TENSES:PRESENT TENSES:Present simplePresent continuous
PAST TENSES:Past simple-Past continuousPresent perfectPresent perfect continuous
FUTURE TENSES:Be going to + infinitivePresent continuousWill + infinitive
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE
VOCABULARY:- Food and cooking- Personality- Money- Transport- Phrasal verbs
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PRESENT TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE Form: + I am happy / He is happy / They are happy I play football / He plays football - I am not happy / He is not happy / They are not happy I don’t play football / He doesn’t play football ? Am I happy? / Is he happy? / Are they happy? Do you play football? / Does he play football? Use:- Habits, routine. e.g.Maria smokes- Permanent actions. e.g. Pedro lives in Seville- Eternal truths. e.g. The earth is round
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PRESENT TENSES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS * Use it with action verbs
Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football / They
are playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing
football / They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? / Are
they playing football? Use:- Actions in progress at the moment of speaking in the
present.- Temporary things that are happening now
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PAST TENSES
PAST SIMPLE Form: + I was happy / He was happy / They were happy I played football - I was not happy / He was not happy / They were not
happy I did not play football ? Was I happy? / Was he happy? / Were they happy? Did you play football? Use:Past finished actions
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PAST TENSES
PAST CONTINUOUS * Use it with action verbs
Form: + I was playing / He was playing / They were
playing - I was not playing/ He was not playing / They
were not playing ? Was I playing? / Was he playing? / Were they
playing? Use:Actions in progress at a specific moment in the
past
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PAST TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT Form:
+ I have cleaned/ He has cleaned
- I haven’t cleaned/ He hasn’t cleaned
? Have you cleaned? / Has he cleaned?
Use:
- To talk about recent actions (to give news), not saying exactly when things happened. e.g.: My sister has had a baby! / Someone has stolen my bike.
- To refer to events which have taken place in our life up to now, but the time when they exactly happened is not mentioned. e.g.: I have been to China
- To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and are still true.
e.g.: I have lived in Málaga for 10 years.
* Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: Ziggy Marley has won three Grammy awards.
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PAST TENSES
We use the following adverbials and prepositions with the PRESENT PERFECT:
- just (to say something happened very recently) and already (to say something happened earlier than expected) go before the main verb in positive sentences.
e.g.: I have just finished my homework / I have already phoned Sarah
- yet (to ask if something has happened or say it hasn’t happened up to now) goes at the end in negative sentences and in questions.
e.g.: Have you done your homework yet? / I haven’t met Paul’s girlfriend yet.
- ever (at any time of your life) goes before the main verb in questions.
e.g.: Have you ever broken a bone?
- for + a period of time and since + a point of time (to talk about the length of time.
e.g.: I have lived in Spain for 7 years / They have known each other since 1999.
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PAST TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS Form:
+ I have been cleaning/ He has been cleaning
- I haven’t been cleaning/ He hasn’t been cleaning
? Have you been cleaning? / Has he been cleaning?
Use:- To talk about continuous or repeated actions that have been happening
very recently (the actions have usually just finished and you can see their effect).
e.g.: What have you been doing? I’ve been playing tennis.- - To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and have
continued up to now. It’s often used with “for” and “since”.
e.g.: The children have been playing computer games for two hours.
* Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: I have been going to that gym for 10 years.
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FUTURE TENSES
BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE Form: + I am going to play / He is going to play/ They are
going to play - I am not going to play / He is not going to play/ They
are not going to play ? Am I going to play? / Is he going to play? / Are they
going to play?Use:Future plans. e. g. I’m going to travel to Paris next yearPredictions when there is evidence. e.g. Look! It’s very
cloudy! It’s going to rain
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FUTURE TENSES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football /
They are playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing
football / They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? /
Are they playing football? Use:Arrangements. e.g. I’m seeing The hobbit next
Friday, I bought the tickets this morning
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FUTURE TENSES
WILL+ INFINITIVE Form: + I will play - I will not/won’t play ? Will you play?Use:- Future predictions when there isn’t evidence (it’s just an
opinion). e.g. I think it will not rain on your wedding day, it would be very bad luck.
- Promises, offers and decisions. e.g.: I’ll always love you / Those bags are very heavy, I’ll help you. / I’ll have a tea.
- * Use “shall” for offers and suggestions, when they are questions in the 1st person.
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COMPARATIVES
SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): -er
thane.g. He is shorter than you* 1 syllable adjectives ending in –ed
usually make the comparative with more than.
e.g. more tired than- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –
y: y – i + -er thane.g. You are prettier than her- Long adjectives (2 syllables or
more): more thane.g. Your sofa is more comfortable than
mineAdverbs -ly adverbs: more thane.g. Please, drive more slowly
- Short adverbs (1 syllable): -er thane.g. He drives faster than you- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more):
more thane.g. He walks more carefully than
before
*Irregular adjectives and adverbs
INFERIORITY- Less than e.g. Peter is less talkative
than me- Not as … as e.g. Paul is not as tall as
Sean
EQUALITY- As …as e.g. My book is as big as
yours- The same+noun as e.g. the same
distance as
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SUPERLATIVES
SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): the -este.g. He the shortest in his class* 1 syllable adjectives ending in –ed
usually make the comparative with the most.
e.g. The most tired- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –
y: y – i + -est e.g. You are the prettiest girl I’ve ever
met- Long adjectives (2 syllables or
more): the moste.g. Your sofa is the most comfortable
of all
Adverbs -ly adverbs: the moste.g. He drives the most slowly- Short adverbs (1 syllable): the -este.g. He drives the fastest- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more):
the moste.g. He walks the most carefully
*Irregular adjectives and adverbs
INFERIORITYThe leaste.g. Peter is the least talkative in the
class
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A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE
DEFINITE ARTICLEWith definite nouns: the - To talk about something we have
already mentioned- When it’s clear what you are referring
to- When there’s only one of something- With places in a town- With superlatives
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
With indefinite, singular, nouns:
1. with words starting with a vowel sound: an
2. with words starting with a consonant sound: a
- When you talk about something indefinite
- When you say what something is or
what somebody does
- In exclamations with “What…!”
- In expressions of frequency
NO ARTICLE
With indefinite, plural nouns and uncountable nouns: nothing
- When we are generalizing- With some nouns after the prepositions
at, to and from- Before meals, days and months- Before next, last + day, week, month,…
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VOCABULARY: FOOD AND COOKING (Vocabulary bank, p. 152)
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VOCABULARY:PERSONALITY(Vocabulary bank p. 153)
What’s the opposite?
GenerousMeanInsecureSelf-confidentReliableUnreliableShyOutgoingLazyHardworking
CleverStupidTalkativeQuietResponsibleIrresponsibleSociable UnsociableTidyUntidy
SelfishUnselfishKindUnkindHonestDishonestMatureImmatureOrganizedDisorganized
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charming
aggressive
spoilt
moody
jealous
bossy
vain
bad-tempered
What are they like?
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VOCABULARY: MONEY(Vocabulary bank p.154)
Those earrings can’t be __________ $2,000, they look like plastic!worthHow much do you __________ every month at work.earnIs it OK to __________credit card?pay byI used to have a piggy bank when I was young. That’s how I learnt to_______ money.saveHow much did the dentist __________ you?chargeOur telephone __________ was very high last monthbillIf you open an __________ with this bank , you can get a microwave.accountDo you have any change for the supermarket trolley? I only have a $10_________noteI ____________ a beautiful house in the country when my uncle Paul died.inherited
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VOCABULARY: TRANSPORT(Vocabulary bank p. 155)
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VOCABULARY: PHRASAL VERBS
EAT OUT
CUT DOWN ON
CUT OUT
TAKE OUT
PAY BACK
LIVE OFF
LIVE ONPICK UP
RUN OUT OF
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VOCABULARY
sit down
stand up
turn on
turn off
wake up
look
for
put away
throw away
pick up