revisão e lig quim
TRANSCRIPT
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Evolução do modelo atômico
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Tabela periódica
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Protons, Neutrons e Eletrons
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Calculando protons Na (sódio) =
Ca (cálcio) =
P (Fósforo) =
Os (Ósmio) =
Po (Polônio) =
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Calculando protons Na (sódio) = 11prótons
Ca (cálcio) = 20 prótons
P (Fósforo) = 15 prótons
Os (Ósmio) = 76 prótons
Po (Polônio) = 84 prótons
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Calculando Neutrons Na (sódio) = 11 prótons + neutrons = massa
Ca (cálcio) = 20 prótons + neutrons = massa
P (Fósforo) = 15 prótons + neutrons = massa
Os (Ósmio) = 76 prótons + neutrons = massa
Po (Polônio) = 84 prótons + neutrons = massa
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Calculando protons Na (sódio) = 11 + neutrons = 23
Ca (cálcio) = 20 + neutrons = 40
P (Fósforo) = 15 + neutrons = 31
Os (Ósmio) = 76 + neutrons = 190
Po (Polônio) = 84 + neutrons = 209
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Calculando protons Na (sódio) = 11 + 12 = 23
Ca (cálcio) = 20 + 20 = 40
P (Fósforo) = 15 + 16 = 31
Os (Ósmio) = 76 + 114 = 190
Po (Polônio) = 84 + 125 = 209
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Ions Ânions
Cl-
F-
O-2
N-3
Cátions
Al+3
Na+
Mg+2
Pb+4
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Ions – protons e eletrons Ânions
Cl- 17p ?e
F- 9p ?e
O-2 8p ?e
N-3 7p ?e
Cátions
Al+3 13p ?e
Na+ 11p ?e
Mg+2 12p ?e
Pb+4 82p ?e
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Ions – protons e eletrons Ânions
Cl- 17p 18e
F- 9p 10e
O-2 8p 10e
N-3 7p 10e
Cátions
Al+3 13p 10e
Na+ 11p 10e
Mg+2 12p 10e
Pb+4 82p 78e
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Distribuição eletrônica
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Diagrama de Linus-Pauling
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Usando o diagrama
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Eletrons na última camada
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Descobrindo os eletrons na
última camada Na
B
Si
N
Se
I
Ar
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Descobrindo os eletrons na
última camada Na = 11p
B = 5p
Si = 14p
N = 7p
Se = 34p
I = 53p
Ar = 18p
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Descobrindo os eletrons na
última camada Na = 11p = 11e
B = 5p = 5e
Si = 14p = 14e
N = 7p = 7e
Se = 34p = 34e
I = 53p = 53e
Ar = 18p = 18e
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Lembra? Distribuição eletrônica:
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10,
5p6, 6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p6, 7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p6.
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Descobrindo os eletrons na
última camada Na = 11e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1
B = 5e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p1
Si = 14e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p2
N = 7e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p3
Se = 34e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p4
I = 53e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2,
4d10, 5p5
Ar = 18e = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6
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Descobrindo os eletrons na
última camada Na = 11e = 3s1= 3 linha1 eletron
B = 5e = 2s2, 2p1= 2 linha3 eletrons
Si = 14e =, 3s2, 3p2 = 3 linha 4 eletrons
N = 7e = 2s2, 2p3 = 2 linha 5 eletrons
Se = 34e = 4s2, 3d10, 4p4 = 4 linha 6 eletrons
I = 53e = 5s2, 4d10, 5p5 = 5 linha 7 eletrons
Ar = 18e = 3s2, 3p6 = 3 linha 8 eletrons
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Representação eletrônica de
Lewis
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Atomos vistos por Lewis
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Hora das ligações
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Ligações
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EXISTEM 3
TIPOS DE
LIGAÇÕES
QUÍMICAS:
1- Iônica
2 -Covalente
3-
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Ligações Iônicas
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Ligação Covalentes
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Ligação metálica
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