reviewmapsgraphic organizerlessons unit 6 latin america today latin america today what causes a...

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Unit 6 Latin America TodayLatin America Today

What causes a society to grow?



Lessons

Lesson 5Argentina

Lesson 1MexicoLesson 2Central AmericaLesson 3The CaribbeanLesson 4Brazil

Lesson 6Other Countries of South America



MexicoLesson 1

Vocabularyplaza

vaquero

maquiladora

subsistence farm

smog

migrant workerHow has Mexico grown?

Reading SkillFact and Opinion


The PeopleMexico

Mexico is the world’s largest Spanish-speaking country.

The people of Mexico trace their roots to three cultures-Spanish, Native American, and mestizo.

Spanish is the official language, but many people speak different Native American languages as well.

City plazas serve as centers of public life.


Government and CultureMexico

Mexico is a representative democracy with a constitution that guarantees basic human rights.

Mexico is a federal republic with 31 states and one federal district, the capital of Mexico City.

Mexico’s president shares power with the legislative and judicial branches of government.

Folk art, sports, music, food, and dance are important parts of Mexican culture.

Mexican artists, such as Diego Rivera, have created many national treasures.


Mexico’s Economic RegionsMexico

The North has dry land that is irrigated for farming and raising cattle. It also has mineral mines and manufacturing centers.

Thank you Brianna! At least I got one of 3 text details for my summary paragraph.


Growth and ChallengesMexico

Manufacturing is more important to Mexico’s economy since the signing of the NAFTA trade agreement between Mexico, Canada, and the United States.

Thank you Brianna! At least I got one of the four text details for this summary paragraph.


Central AmericaLesson 2

Vocabulary

campesino

literacy rate

junta

How has change helped Central America grow?



EconomyCentral America

Many people in Central America depend on farming to make a living.

Some are campesinos, or poor farmers. Most work on large plantations that grow bananas, sugarcane, and coffee.

In recent years, industries such as manufacturing and food processing have become more important in Central America.


Belize and GuatemalaCentral America

Once a British colony called British Honduras, Belize is the only English-speaking country in Central America.

Forestry, fishing, and tourism are Belize’s main industries.

Guatemala has many forests, mountains, and good soil for farming; but a small group of people own most of the land.

Guatemala suffered a bloody civil war in the 1970s and 1980s.


Costa Rica and PanamaCentral America

Both Costa Rica and Panama have strong economies and high literacy rates.

Costa Ricans overthrew the military government in the 1940s, and Costa Rica now has a stable democratic government.

United States troops invaded Panama in 1989 and removed the corrupt leader Manuel Noriega from power.

In 1999 the United States gave full control of the Panama Canal to Panama.


Three Troubled CountriesCentral America

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In Nicaragua, years of civil war between contras and Sandinistas cost many lives. In 1990, free elections ended the civil war.

In 1980, civil war broke out in El Salvador. A peace agreement ended the war in 1992. El Salvador is now a democracy.

Government brutality and gang violence in Honduras have killed many people. In 2006, a new president promised to fight corruption.

Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras have suffered natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and drought.


The CaribbeanLesson 3

Vocabularycommand economy

commonwealth

What has helped the Caribbean grow?



The Economy, Cuba and Puerto RicoThe Caribbean

Tourism and agriculture are the main industries in the Caribbean.

Fidel Castro won control of Cuba in 1959 and set up a Communist government.

Cuba has a command economy, where the government sets most prices for goods and employs most workers.

Since 1952, Puerto Rico has been a commonwealth of the United States.

Puerto Rico has many factories that produce machinery, medicines, and clothing.


Haiti and the Dominican RepublicThe Caribbean

The two countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the island of Hispaniola.

Haiti has long had an unstable government; Haiti relies on foreign aid and nearly 80 percent of Haiti’s people live in poverty.

The Dominican Republic is also a very poor country; agriculture and the service industry provide the most jobs.

Many Caribbean countries celebrate carnival, a festival with music, dancing, and parades.


BrazilLesson 4

Vocabulary

favela

selva

ecosystem

What changes brought growth to Brazil?



Brazil’s People and GovernmentBrazil

Once a Portuguese colony, Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking country in Latin America.

Today, Brazilians are of European, African, Native American, Asian, or mixed ancestry.

In the past, Brazil was ruled by military dictators; today, Brazil is a democratic federal republic.

Brazilians who can read and are between the ages of 18 and 70 are required by law to vote in elections.


EconomyBrazil

Brazil has the tenth-largest economy in the world. Brazil’s diverse economy includes agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and service industries.

Brazil has many valuable natural resources such as minerals, oil, forest products, grasslands, and farmlands.


The Amazon Rain ForestBrazil

In the 1980s, Brazil’s government encouraged mining, logging, farming, and cattle ranching in the rain forest.

Deforestation is a major problem in Brazil, leading to soil erosion, landslides, and extinction of plant and animal species.

Destroying rain forests harms the ecosystem, all the living and nonliving things in a certain area, including plants, animals, soil, and water.


ArgentinaVocabulary

gaucho

national debt

default

How has diversity helped Argentina grow?

Lesson 5



Argentina’s People and EconomyArgentina

Most Argentines live in large cities such as the capital, Buenos Aires.

Argentina’s culture has been shaped by its European heritage.

Argentina has some of the world’s best farmland and grasslands for grazing cattle, as well as other valuable resources such as oil and minerals.

Argentina’s economy depends mainly on farming, ranching, and manufacturing industries.


Argentina’s GovernmentArgentina

Argentina is a democratic federal republic made up of a national government and 23 provincial governments.

A powerful elected president leads the nation for a four-year term.

A legislature with two houses makes the laws.

A Supreme Court heads the judicial system.


Other Countries of South AmericaVocabulary

gross domestic product

barrio

What products help other South American countries grow?

Lesson 6



The Three Guianas and VenezuelaOther Countries of South America

Guyana was once a colony of Great Britain called British Guiana. Suriname was once a colony of the Netherlands called Dutch Guiana. French Guiana still is a colony of France today.

Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana have similar cultures, and most of their people are of African and southern Asian descent.

Since the 1920s, Venezuela has become one of the world’s leading producers of oil and natural gas.

Despite the country’s wealth of natural resources, many Venezuelans are poor and live in barrios, slums built at the edge of cities.


Colombia and Andean CountriesOther Countries of South America

Colombia has struggled with political unrest and violence for many years. Wealth is in the hands of a powerful few, and many people live in poverty.

Many people in the Andean countries of Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador are of Native American descent and farm the land using traditional methods.

Chile has a growing economy and exports many resources, such as copper, fruit, fish, and wine.

Colombia exports many of its resources, such as minerals, coffee, sugarcane, rice, and cotton.


1. Thousands of Mexicans now work in ______________, factories where workers assemble goods using parts made in other countries.

2. Many people in Central America depend on farming to make a living; some are poor farmers called ____________.

3. Cuba has a ___________________, where the government sets most prices for goods and employs most workers.

4. _____________ is money owed by the government.

5. ________ are slums built at the edge of cities.

maquiladorasbarrios

command economy

maquiladoras

campesinos

ReviewVocabulary

command economy

national debt

National debt

campesinos

Barrios


6. What is one of the biggest problems Mexico now faces as a result of its economic growth?

7. What is the name of the only English-speaking country in Central America?

8. What are the two most important industries in the Caribbean?

9. In what ways is Brazil’s government similar to the government of the United States?

10.Which South American nation is one of the world’s leading producers of oil and natural gas?

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