Esophagus Damage Detection

Literature ReviewEsophagusBurns#Hakan Oral Lab: Computed Tomographic Analysis of 50 patientsEsophagus - posterior LA contactMean length 5814 mmMean width 136 mm

The mean thicknesses of the Posterior LA 2.20.9 mmAnterior esophageal 3.61.7 mm

In 98% of patients, there was a fat layer between the esophagus and the posterior LA. However, this layer was often discontinuous.

Circulation December 14, 2004#Michael G. Sowa, Institute for Bio-diagnostics, National Research Council of CanadaBurn / Thermal Injury causes the change in Tissue oxygenation, tissue hemoglobin and total hemoglobin (oxygen utilization/ oxygen saturation) = oxygen-saturated hemoglobin/ total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood.Blood volumeTissue water content

The changes occurred significantly over a 3 h post-burn monitoring period.

Ref: Michael G. Sowa et al, Near infrared spectroscopic assessment of hemodynamic changes in the early post-burn period, Burns 27 (2001) 241249#Bruce J. Tromberg Lab

Journal of Biomedical Optics 20(3), 030901 (March 2015)#Electromagnetic spectrum used for optical biopsy

#Simple Reflectance of Light

2001 :

Following a thermal injury a simple reflectance of light can assess:

oxygenation, perfusionedema

that exist within the tissue. #NIR Point Spectroscopy

K. M. Cross, M. G. Sowa (2006) Oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations were extracted from spectroscopic data and reported as oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin. 6502500 nm#StO2 and [tHb] Profiles

The StO2 and [tHb] profiles provide insight into the hemodynamic [H2O] profile can provide evidence for the onset of tissue edema or desiccation.#Heat Treatment of Human Esophageal Tissues: Effect on Esophageal Cancer Detection Using Oxygenated Hemoglobin Diffuse Reflectance RatioQ. L. Zhao et al. , Laser Physics, 2011, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 559565, Guangzhou University, ChinaThe average DR spectra for the epithelial tissues of normal esophagus heated respectively at different temperatures of 37, 42, 50, and 60C, and a control group at 20C in the range of 400650 nm

#C. Holmer et al., CharitUniversity Berlin, GermanyJ. of Biomed. Optics 12(1), 014025 , 2007

Sample size : 2x2 cm and covered the entire mucosal depth

behavior of light in the specific tissue depends primarily on the amount of light absorbedAbsorption coefficient a

Scattering coefficient, s#C. Holmer et al., CharitUniversity Berlin, GermanyJ. of Biomed. Optics 12(1), 014025 , 2007

Optical penetration depth, dThe esophageal wall is particularly thin (typically 2. 1 mm thick under the measurement conditions) and is composed of mainly two kinds of tissue: a first layer of connective tissue (about 0.8 mm thick) and a second layer of muscle (about 1 .3 mm thick).##http://spie.org/x35504.xml

Biomedical Optics & Medical ImagingLow-level laser therapy: an emerging clinical paradigmYing-Ying Huang, Michael Hamblin, and Aaron C.-H. Chen9July2009, SPIE Newsroom#Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI)B. J. Tromberg Group, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, Californiain vivo wide-field SWIR imaging of burns in a rat model

showing potential to distinguishburn-related changes in tissue absorption and scattering in theSWIR regime (850 to 1800 nm)

1) J. Q. Nguyen et al,2) R. H. Wilson et al

CCD/ SWIR camera#Results

#FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of normal and cancerous tissues of Esophagus Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) probe

1645-> 6079 nm1551-> 6447 nmJian-Sheng Wang et al, Jiaotong University, and PekingUniversity, China27 pairs of normal and cancerous tissues of esophagus were studied by using FT-IR

5555 nm6666 nm#Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy

ESS accurately detects HGD in Barretts oesophagusL B Lovat et al, National Medical Laser Centre, UCL,London, UK Gut. 2006 Aug; 55(8): 10781083.

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