8/14/2019 Review Questions Pg. 57

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Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 9/25/08

Review Questions pg.57

1. Identifya. Nicolaus Copernicus

i. The Polish scholar that proposed the heliocentric theory, in where

the sun was at the center of the universe, not Earth, for the first time.Most experts rejected his heliocentric theory, for if he was right, thewhole system of human knowledge might have been called intoquestion.

b. Johannes Kepleri. Tycho Brahes assistant and a brilliant astronomer and

mathematician. After Brahes death, he used Brahes data tocalculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun. He alsoshowed that each planet did not revolve in a perfect circle, but ratherin an oval shape called an ellipse.

c. Galileo Galileii. A famous Italian that assembled an astronomical telescope. Heconcluded the same things that Copernicus came up with as well,and as a result, causing uproar because his results contradictedancient views about the world.

d. Francis Baconi. An Englishman that stressed experimentation and observation. He

wanted science to make life better for people by leading to practicaltechnologies.

e. Rene Descartesi. A Frenchman whom emphasized human reasoning as the best road

to understanding. He tried to discard all traditional authorities andsearched for provable knowledge. He is often recognized by hisfamous quote, I think, therefore I am.

f. Isaac Newtoni. A genius that used mathematics to show that a single force keeps theplanets in their orbits around the sun. He called this force gravity. Healso helped an important new branch of mathematics: calculus.

g. Robert Boylei. A person that distinguished between individual and chemical

compounds. He also explained the effect of temperature and pressureon gases. His work opened the way to modern chemical analysis ofthe composition of matter.

2. Definea. Heliocentric

i. The theory that puts the Sun at the center of the solar system.b. Hypothesis

i. A possible explanation.c. Scientific Method

8/14/2019 Review Questions Pg. 57

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Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 9/25/08

i. A process that is the basis for scientific inquiry. The scientificmethod follows a series of steps

d. Gravityi. the attraction due to gravitation that the Earth or another

astronomical object exerts on an object on or near its surface

3. Why did some people oppose the heliocentric theory of the universe?a. All scientific knowledge and many religious thinkings were based on

arguments developed by classical thinkers. Most experts rejected hisheliocentric theory, for if he was right, the whole system of humanknowledge might have been called into question.

4. How did the scientific method differ from the earlier approaches?a. The new approach required scientists to collect and accurately measure

data. They had to use reasoning to propose a logical hypothesis. Complexmathematical calculations were use to convert the observations andexperiments into scientific laws.

5. How did Newton try to explain the workings of the universe?

a. He published a book explaining the law of gravity and other workings ofthe universe. He believed nature follows uniform laws. All motion in theuniverse can be measured and described mathematically.