POMPEIIPOMPEIIMT. VESUVIUSMT. VESUVIUS

Roman paintingRoman painting

NERO:NERO:--He commits suicide in --He commits suicide in 68 AD.68 AD.--The Senate declares him --The Senate declares him an enemy of the state an enemy of the state and Galba, a Roman and Galba, a Roman governor in Spain, governor in Spain, marches on Rome.marches on Rome.--Nero commits suicide --Nero commits suicide and Galba becomesand Galba becomes emperoremperor--Galba is assassinated --Galba is assassinated and two other emperors and two other emperors quickly come and goquickly come and go--The eastern armies --The eastern armies declare their general,declare their general, Vespasian, as emperor.Vespasian, as emperor.

Vespasian Vespasian

Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)

Vespasian Vespasian

Flavian Ampitheater:Flavian Ampitheater:““COLOSSEUM” COLOSSEUM”

Doric (Tuscan)Doric (Tuscan)

Corinthian pilastersCorinthian pilasters

Corinthian Corinthian

IonicIonic

Roman architecture: The COLOSSEUMRoman architecture: The COLOSSEUM

Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction

VOUSSOIRS:VOUSSOIRS:wedge-shaped blocks wedge-shaped blocks which comprise an which comprise an archarch

KEYSTONE:KEYSTONE:Central voussoirsCentral voussoirs

FORCE ABSORBS FORCEFORCE ABSORBS FORCE= STABILITY= STABILITY

Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction

ARCADE: Series of archesARCADE: Series of arches

Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction

Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction

VAULT: an arch extended in space VAULT: an arch extended in space

Roman monuments: arches Roman monuments: arches

Arch of TitusArch of Titus

TRIUMPHAL ARCH TRIUMPHAL ARCH (Triumph)(Triumph)

Triumphal ColumnsTriumphal ColumnsColumn of TrajanColumn of Trajan

Roman monuments: columns Roman monuments: columns

Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan

Celebrates victory over the Dacians Celebrates victory over the Dacians

Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas

Roman architecture: Basilicas Roman architecture: Basilicas

APSEAPSEAPSE APSE

NAVE: main hall NAVE: main hall

NAVENAVE

APSE: semi-ciruclar space APSE: semi-ciruclar space at ends at ends

Roman Imperial portraiture: HadrianRoman Imperial portraiture: Hadrian

Bearded: Bearded: To appear moreTo appear more

““Greek”Greek”

Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli

Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli

Antinoos:Antinoos: Hadrian’sHadrian’s loverlover

CANOPUS:CANOPUS:Surrounded by statues of Surrounded by statues of

Antinoos as NarcissusAntinoos as Narcissus

PANTHEON:PANTHEON: All the (planetary) godsAll the (planetary) gods

Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon

DiocletianDiocletian The TETRARCHY:The TETRARCHY:Four rulersFour rulers

(Augusti and Caesari)(Augusti and Caesari)

Constantine (the Great) Constantine (the Great)

Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 312 AD312 AD

The Vision of ConstantineThe Vision of Constantine

CHI RHO CHI RHO ““Chi” + “rho” + istos Chi” + “rho” + istos

““Christos” Christos”

The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine

SPOLIA SPOLIA

The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine

Carved for the arch:Carved for the arch:a less classical stylea less classical style

Spolia—recycled fromSpolia—recycled fromearlier monuments:earlier monuments:

classical styleclassical style

Early Christian ArtEarly Christian Art

CATACOMBSCATACOMBS Originally just beyond Originally just beyond the borders of Rome the borders of Rome (it was technically (it was technically illegal to bury bodies illegal to bury bodies within the city limits). within the city limits). Begun as sites for the Begun as sites for the burial of pagan burial of pagan Romans. Later, large Romans. Later, large numbers of Christians numbers of Christians (amongst whom (amongst whom burial burial was by far the most was by far the most popular treatment for popular treatment for the deceased) were the deceased) were buried in them.buried in them.

CUBICULI: small rooms orCUBICULI: small rooms orchambers; often for familychambers; often for familyburials. Frequently burials. Frequently decorated with walldecorated with wallpaintings. paintings.

LOCULI: wall niches in longLOCULI: wall niches in longpassageways for individual passageways for individual burials. burials.

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: Catacombs

Roman fourth-style wallRoman fourth-style wallpaintingpainting

Christian catacomb paintingChristian catacomb painting

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: Catacombs

Simple subject matterSimple subject matter(Orantes: man’s (Orantes: man’s relationship with God) relationship with God)

Simple subject matterSimple subject matter(Christ as the Good Shepherd)(Christ as the Good Shepherd)

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: Catacombs

Christian “Good Shepherd”Christian “Good Shepherd”

Roman pastoral painting Roman pastoral painting

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: Catacombs

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: CatacombsOld Testament ScenesOld Testament Scenes

Old Testament:Old Testament:Moses drawsMoses drawswater from awater from arock; savesrock; savesIsraelitesIsraelites

New Testament:New Testament:BaptismBaptism

Both = SalvationBoth = Salvationthrough waterthrough water

Parting of the Red Sea,Parting of the Red Sea,Christian catacombsChristian catacombs

Parting of the Red Sea,Parting of the Red Sea,Dura-EuroposDura-EuroposSynagogueSynagogue

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: CatacombsOld Testament ScenesOld Testament Scenes

Adam and Eve Adam and Eve (Book of Genesis) (Book of Genesis)

Jonah is swallowed (dead) Jonah is swallowed (dead) for three days and rises for three days and rises

Christ is dead for three Christ is dead for three days and rises days and rises

Early Christian Art: CatacombsEarly Christian Art: CatacombsOld Testament ScenesOld Testament Scenes

NAVENAVEAPSE APSE

Early Christian ArchitectureEarly Christian Architecture

BASILICABASILICACHURCHES CHURCHES

TRANSEPT (Crossing) TRANSEPT (Crossing)

ATTRIBUTES: unique characteristics with identifyATTRIBUTES: unique characteristics with identifyparticular Christian saintsparticular Christian saints

ST. PETER:ST. PETER:KEYSKEYS(the keys to (the keys to the kingdom)the kingdom)

ST. MARY MAGDALENE:ST. MARY MAGDALENE:OINTMENT JAR (annointedOINTMENT JAR (annointedChrist’s feet)Christ’s feet)

ST. ANDREW: X-SHAPEDST. ANDREW: X-SHAPEDCROSS (crucified on aCROSS (crucified on across in this shape)cross in this shape)

RavennaRavenna

--In 395 the Empire was split --In 395 the Empire was split according to the will of according to the will of Emperor Theodosius I; Emperor Theodosius I; Arcadius was given the east,Arcadius was given the east, Honorius the west.Honorius the west.--Due to incursions by --Due to incursions by Visigoths, Honorius moved Visigoths, Honorius moved his capital to Ravenna in 402, his capital to Ravenna in 402, which remained the western which remained the western capital of the Empire until capital of the Empire until 751.751.--Due to its political --Due to its political importance and favorableimportance and favorable position for trade, it became position for trade, it became the most prosperous city in the most prosperous city in the west.the west.

Ravenna: Mausoleum of Galla Placidia Ravenna: Mausoleum of Galla Placidia