Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Regular Verbs) (Pages 319 – 320)

Imperfect Tense Rule Translation

All Verbs - Full Present Active Infinitive + PE (might)

vocare monere regere capere audire+ PE + PE + PE + PE + PE

(call) (warn) (rule) (take) (hear)

vocarem monerem regerem caperem audirem I might ________vocares moneres regeres caperes audires you might ________vocaret moneret regeret caperet audiret he might ________vocaremus moneremus regeremus caperemus audiremus we might ________vocaretis moneretis regeretis caperetis audiretis you might ________vocarent monerent regerent caperent audirent they might ________

Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Deponent Verbs) (Pages 319 – 320)

Imperfect Tense Rule Translation

All Verbs - Full Present Active Infinitive + PE (might)

conor vereor sequor patior largior

conare verere sequere patere largire+ PE + PE + PE + PE + PE

(try) (fear) (follow) (suffer) (bestow)

conarer vererer sequerer paterer largirer I might ________conareris verereris sequereris patereris largireris you might ________conaretur vereretur sequeretur pateretur largiretur he might ________conaremur vereremur sequeremur pateremur largiremur we might ________conaremini vereremini sequeremini pateremini largirermini you might ________conarentur vererentur sequerentur paterentur largirentur they might ________

Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Irregular Verbs) (Pages 328 – 329)

Imperfect Tense (Present Active Infinitive + PE) Translation

Sum Possum volo eo fero fio (might)(be) (be able) (wish) (go) (bring) (become)

essem possem vellem irem ferrem fierem I might ________esses posses velles ires ferres fieres you might ________esset posset vellet iret ferret fieret he might ________essemus possemus vellemus iremus ferremus fieremus we might ________essetis possetis velletis iretis ferretis fieretis you might ________essent possent vellent irent ferrent fierent they might ________

Result Clauses (page 334)

1. In English the verb in a clause of result is expressed by the indicative mood because a result is something that actually happened. A fact is stated. In Latin the verb is in the subjunctive mood, and the clause, whether affirmative or negative, is introduced by ut. In a negative clause the negative adverb non is placed before the verb. In the English translation the auxiliary verbs may, might, should, would are never used.

2. In Latin as in English, some word in the main clause serves as a warning indicator that a result clause is coming. Ita and sic, both of which mean so, are usually used with verbs. Tam, also meaning so, is used with adjectives and adverbs. Tantus, so great, talis, such, and tot, so many, are adjectives.

Romani tam fortiter pugnaverunt ut hostes superarent.

The Romans fought so bravely that they overcame the enemy.

Numerus hostium erat tantus ut Romani eos non superarent.

The number of the enemy was so great that the Romans did not overcome them.

Review of the Sequence of Tense Rules for the Subjunctive Mood (Page 341)

SEQUENCE IF THE MAIN VERB IS: THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE USES:

Primary present 1.the present subjunctive future (to express same time as the main verb)future perfect

2.the perfect subjunctive (to express time before that of the main verb)

Secondary imperfect 1.the imperfect subjunctiveperfect (to express same time as the main verb)pluperfect

2. the pluperfect subjunctive (to express time before that of the main verb)