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Lab 7 – Respiratory System
• Review of respiratory system
• Learn and demonstrate anatomy of
respiratory System on models
• Complete Lab Worksheet
• Lung dissection as group
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Figure 22.1 The major respiratory organs in relation to surrounding structures.
Nasal cavity
Nostril
Larynx
Trachea
Carina of trachea
Right main (primary) bronchus Right lung
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Left main (primary) bronchus
Left lung
Diaphragm
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Figure 22.3b The upper respiratory tract.
Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Sphenoid sinus
Posterior nasal aperture
Nasopharynx
Opening of pharyngotympanic tube
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Isthmus of the fauces
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity Nasal conchae (superior, middle and inferior)
Nasal meatuses (superior, middle, and inferior)
Nasal vestibule
Nostril
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue
Lingual tonsil
Hyoid bone Larynx
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Illustration 10/4/13 3
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Figure 22.3c The upper respiratory tract.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Regions of the pharynx
Pharynx
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Figure 22.4a The larynx.
Body of hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Anterior superficial view 10/4/13
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Figure 22.4b The larynx.
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoid membrane
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid muscles
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Body of hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Fatty pad
Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold (true vocal cord)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Sagittal view; anterior surface to the right 10/4/13 6
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Figure 22.5 Movements of the vocal folds.
Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
Base of tongue
Epiglottis
Vocal fold (true vocal cord)
Glottis
Inner lining of trachea
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Vocal folds in closed position; closed glottis Vocal folds in open position; open glottis
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Figure 22.6a Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Esophagus
Trachealis
muscle Lumen of
trachea
Posterior
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
Seromucous gland in submucosa
Anterior
Cross section of the trachea
and esophagus
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Figure 22.6b Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Goblet cell
• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• Lamina propria (connective tissue)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Seromucous gland In submucosa
Photomicrograph of the tracheal
wall (320x) 10/4/13 9
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Figure 22.7 Conducting zone passages.
Superior lobe
of right lung
Middle lobe
of right lung
Inferior lobe
of right lung
Trachea
Superior lobe
of left lung
Left main (primary) bronchus
Lobar (secondary) bronchus
Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
Inferior lobe of left lung
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Figure 22.8a Respiratory zone structures.
Alveolar duct
Respiratory bronchioles
Terminal
bronchiole
Alveoli
Alveolar duct
Alveolar
sac
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Figure 22.8b Respiratory zone structures.
Respiratory
bronchiole
Alveolar
duct
Alveoli
Alveolar
sac
Alveolar
pores
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Figure 22.9a Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Smooth
muscle
Elastic
fibers
Alveolus
Capillaries
Diagrammatic view of capillary-alveoli relationships 10/4/13 13
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Figure 22.9c Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Red blood cell in capillary
Alveoli (gas-filled air spaces)
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
Capillary
Macrophage
Endothelial cell nucleus
Respiratory membrane
Alveolar epithelium
Fused basement membranes of alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
Capillary endothelium
Capillary
Alveolus
Nucleus of type I alveolar cell
Alveolar pores
Red blood cell
Alveolus
Detailed anatomy of the respiratory membrane
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Figure 22.10a Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Trachea Thymus
Apex of lung
Right inferior lobe
Horizontal fissure
Right superior lobe
Oblique fissure
Right middle lobe
Heart (in mediastinum)
Diaphragm
Base of lung
Intercostal muscle Rib
Parietal pleura Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
Left superior lobe
Oblique fissure
Left inferior lobe
Cardiac notch
Anterior view. The lungs flank mediastinal structures laterally.
Lung
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Figure 22.10c Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Transverse section through the thorax, viewed from above. Lungs, pleural membranes, and major organs in the mediastinum are shown.
Posterior
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
Pericardial membranes
Sternum
Vertebra
Esophagus (in mediastinum)
Root of lung at hilum
• Left main bronchus • Left pulmonary artery • Left pulmonary vein
Thoracic wall
Heart (in mediastinum)
Anterior mediastinum
Anterior
Left lung
Pulmonary trunk
Right lung
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Film Clips
• Mechanics of ventilation
• Cilia Action and gas exchange
• Brochial Asthma
• Action of Epiglottis
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Table 17.4 ABO Blood Groups
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Figure 17.16 Blood typing of ABO blood types.
Blood being tested Serum
Anti-A Anti-B
Type AB (contains agglutinogens A and B; agglutinates with both sera)
Type A (contains agglutinogen A; agglutinates with anti-A)
Type B (contains agglutinogen B; agglutinates with anti-B)
Type O (contains no agglutinogens; does not agglutinate with either serum)
RBCs
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Transfusion reactions cause Agglutination
p. 809 / 785
similar Vessels plugged =
ischemia & hypoxia
Hemolysis follows =
anemia
If hemolysis is massive
and rapid = kidney failure
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Rh Blood Groups
• 52 named Rh agglutinogens (Rh factors)
• C, D, and E are most common
• Rh+ indicates presence of D antigen
• 85% Americans Rh+
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HDN = Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
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HDN is a.k.a. erythroblastosis fetalis
2nd, 3rd, 4th Rh+ child
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