Review of Plant and Animal Phyla

Bryophyta• Short stature plants such as mosses, liverworts, and

hornworts• Non-vascular because no xylem or phloem• No true leaves or roots (rhizoids instead)• No flowers or seeds, but produce spores

moss liverwort hornwort

Filicinophyta

• Includes ferns and horsetails• Vascular plants; non-woody stems• No flowers or seeds but produce spores

fern horsetail

Coniferophyta• Includes cedar, juniper, fir, and pine trees• Vascular plants that have woody stems and their

leaves are in the form of needles or scales• Most produce seed cones with scales

juniper fir

Angiospermophyta• Includes all plants which make flowers and have

their seeds surrounded by fruit• Vascular plants that have flowers (hold the

reproductive organs) and fruit• Produce seeds which are held in the fruit

wheat apple tree orange tree

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes and Annelida

Mollusca

Arthropoda