Review of pages in packet

Industry Packet: Part II

Document 1:GROSS EARNINGS OF THE RAILROADS

1.) How much money was earned in 1861? 1879? 1861 - 130,000,000 1879 – 529,012,9992.) What is the difference between 1861 & 1879?Drastically increased by about $400,000,000 3.) What do you think the reason for this difference

is?Many more railroads were built due to

industrialization and movement west. More profit was earned because of this. More goods were shipped and more people moved (all paying for this service).

Questions:

INVENTOR’S NAME

YEAR OF INVENTION

INVENTION HOW DID THE INVENTION AFFECT

INDUSTRIALIZATION? 

BESSEMER1850 BESSEMER

PROCESSALLOWED THE

PRODUCTION OF STEEL TO BE MUCH FASTER TO MAKE

FACTORIES, BRIDGES, & RAILROADS

EDISON 1878 LIGHT BULB CAN LIGHT FACTORIES CAN RUN

MACHINESReplaces candles

   

BELL   

1876 TELEPHONE CAN COMMUNICATE NEW IDEAS AND

INVENTIONS

WRIGHT BROTHERS

   

1903 AIRPLANE TRANSPORT GOODS AND PEOPLE

QUICKER

GEORGE PULLMAN

BETWEEN 1860 AND

1870

PULLMAN CAR

NEW PASSENGER AND SLEEPING CARS ALLOWED FOR SAFER AND

MORE COMFORTABLE

TRAVELGEORGE

WESTINGHOUSE

1860’S NEW BRAKES

MADE RAILROAD TRAVEL SAFER

  

EDWIN DRAKE

1859 A WAY TO PUMP

CRUDE OIL OUT OF THE

GROUND

THIS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO

PUMP THE OIL OUT IN MASS

QUANTITIES, OIL BECOMES BIG

BUSINESSNIKOLAUS

OTTO1876 ENGINE

POWERED BY

GASOLINE

CREATED ANOTHER SOURCE

OF POWER FOR FACTORIES AND

NEW TRANSPORTATION

Document #2: TONS OF STEEL PRODUCED IN THE U.S.

1.) In 1870, how much steel was produced?50,000 tons of steel2.) In 1880, how much steel was produced?1,000,000 tons of steel 3.) What was the reason for the difference (p.

579)?BESSEMER PROCESS sped up the

process to create steel

Questions:

Document 3: Political CartoonFind the page

with this cartoon:

Look at the cartoon: What do you see?

How many things in this picture could you label if I asked you to do so?

1) Who is the man in this cartoon?JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER2) What industry did he control?OIL3) What is made to look like a factory in the

background?THE CAPITOL BUILDING, where Congress works 4) What is the message of this cartoon?JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER WAS SO POWERFUL, HE

EVEN CONTROLLED THE GOVERNMENT, too much power 

5) What act was passed to try to prevent monopolies? THE SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT 

Answers for Document 3

THERE WERE ALSO MANY PROBLEMS CREATED BY INDUSTRIALIZATION

WORKING CONDITIONS:Describe what working conditions were like

below (p. 586). LONG HOURS, LOW WAGES,

DANGEROUS MACHINERY, UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS

Document 4: 1) What type of work is

shown in this picture?COAL MINING2) Describe the worker.YOUNG, DIRTY, SAD3) Describe the

working conditions.DANGEROUS, DIRTY4) What problem is

shown in this picture?CHILD LABOR

Before answering these questions: Watch this youtube video about Upton Sinclair’s book http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2ppaJwQ9UM

QUESTIONS:What was it like working in the factory?DARK, COLD, CHEMICALS EATING THROUGH BOOTSWhat was wrong with Antanas as a result of the working

conditions and what eventually happened to him?BAD COUGH, SORE FEET AND HE EVENTUALLY

COLLAPSED AND DIEDList some of the dangers of working on the killing beds.VERY COLD, BLOODY, SKIN STICKS TO KNIVES,

WORKING FAST WITH KNIVES, POOR VISIBILITY

Document 5: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Due to the bad working conditions, workers formed UNIONS.

Sometimes the unions decided to go on STRIKE to get better conditions.

Haymarket Riot What caused the strike: DEMAND FOR 8 HOUR

WORK DAY. WHILE ON STRIKE 2 STRIKERS WERE KILLED. THEN WORKERS WERE PROTESTING THE KILLINGS AND SEVERAL MORE WERE KILLED AND INJURED.

Was the strike successful? NO. UNION MEMBERSHIP DECLINED.

Rest of page 12:

Homestead Strike What caused the strike? COMPANY WANTED TO ADD

NEW MACHINERY THAT WOULD REPLACE WORKERS

Was the strike successful? NO. FIGHTING BROKE OUT AND THE UNION WAS DEFEATED.

Pullman StrikeWhat caused the strike? PULLMAN LAID OFF

WORKERS AND CUT THE WAGES OF THOSE THAT REMAINED

Was the strike successful? NO. THE COURT USED THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT AGAINST WORKERS AND STOPPED THE STRIKE.

More page 12

How the Other Half Lives? By Jacob RiisWhy is it so dark in the tenement?SO FEW WINDOWS AND NO ELECTRICITY2.) Where do the people get their water?FIRE HYDRANT 3.) Why does Riis show a difference between the

poor people in the tenements and paupers? THE POOR IN THE TENEMENTS ARE TRYING

TO MAKE A BETTER LIFE FOR THEMSELVES BUT IT’S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE GIVEN THE CONDITIONS THEY’RE IN.

Document 6

Click on the following link to watch part of a video clip on Jacob Riis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nac62E1Zmk&list=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61

The video is about 7 minutes long and will describe life in the cities during this time period

A little bit more about Jacob Riis

What problems are caused by urbanization?Many problems including diseases,

polluted water, poverty, homelessness, overcrowding

Document #7

Document 8: Photo by Jacob Riis1) What were the

living conditions like in the tenements?

DARK, DIRTY, RUN-DOWN, CROWDED, LACK OF LIGHT, SMELLY, UNSAFE

Document 9: Graph

 Question #2- Multiple Choice answer: ???

CHOICE 21.) How did

industrialization affect urbanization?

PEOPLE MOVED FROM THE FARMS TO THE CITIES FOR FACTORY JOBS

Read the text: The environmental problem was not serious or widespread until

the eighteenth century and early part of the nineteenth century.  This period in history is called the Industrial Revolution, which began in England and spread to other European countries and the United States.   The main feature of the Industrial Revolution was the development of factories and overcrowding with factory workers in cities.  At that time coal was the prime energy fuel to power most of the factories and to heat most of the homes in the cities.  Because of the burning of coal, the air over such industrial cities as London became filled with huge amounts of smoke and soot containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. 

An additional problem was poor sanitation facilities, which allowed raw sewage to get into water supplies in some cities.  The polluted water caused typhoid fever and other diseases. In the early 1900’s, air pollution in industrial cities in the United States became a particularly serious problem.

Document 10: Environmental Issues

When did environmental problems become serious?18TH AND 19TH CENTURY What caused these problems?OVERCROWDING WITH FACTORY WORKERS IN

CITIES. COAL,  How did this affect cities?HUGE AMOUNTS OF SMOKE AND SOOT CONTAINING

SULFUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE.  POOR SANITATION FACILITIES, WHICH ALLOWED

RAW SEWAGE TO GET INTO WATER SUPPLIESWhat different types of pollution were there and what

problems did these different types of pollution cause?AIR POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTIONTYPHOID FEVER AND OTHER DISEASESWhat was to blame for this pollution? FACTORIES

Document 10 questions:

Watch this clip from the Story of UShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_8V1mIF

3rQ&list=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61This clip will tell you all about the building of

the modern city with Carnegie StealAnd if you still have time…http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpq9jPmv

DW4&list=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61Watch this clip about City workers

If you still have time…