review of historic property identification ...evaluate the historic significance of post-world war...
TRANSCRIPT
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REVIEW OF HISTORIC PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION SURVEYS AND STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTSNational Cooperative Highway Research Program 25-25, Task 110
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Acknowledgments
NCHRP Panel Members:
• Tony Opperman, Virginia DOT • Chris Bell, Oregon DOT• Jody Brown, California DOT• Roy Jackson, Florida DOT• Jacob Woodcock, Iowa DOT• Kristen Zschomler, Minnesota DOT• Emily Pettis, Mead & Hunt• David Clarke, Federal Preservation Officer, FHWA
Liaison
Project Team• Camilla Deiber, Louis Berger• Steven Bedford, Louis Berger
This study was conducted for the AASHTO Committee on the Environment and Sustainability, with funding provided through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-25, Task 110, National Synthesis of Successful Strategies for Managing Post-World War II Resources in Historic Property Identification Surveys.
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) or its sponsoring agencies. This report has not been reviewed or accepted by the TRB Board Executive Committee or the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The project was managed by Ann Hartell, NCHRP Senior Program Officer.
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NCHRP 25-25, Task 110Research Objective
• Have agencies used the model in NCHRP Report 723?
• How do we know what’s working?
• What successes have DOTs and SHPOs had regarding post-World War II housing survey and evaluation?
Synthesize specific approaches DOTs have implemented to identify and evaluate the historic significance of post-World War housing since the 2012 release of NCHRP Report 723, A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing.
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NCHRP Report 723:A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War Housing
• Develop a practical, consistent, efficient, and useful approach to the identification and evaluation of post-World War II resources.
• Key Sections: • Survey Methodology• National Historic Context• Model Context Outline and Model
• Where are we today?
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NCHRP 25-25, Task 110
Summary of Methodology and Growth Statistics for Sample Communities
State of Practice Survey and Matrix In-Depth Survey Case Studies
Project Activities
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Purpose• Identify all state DOTs
and SHPOs that have developed or are in the process of developing a post-World War II housing survey and evaluation program
Methodology• Literature Review• Screening Survey
State of Practice SurveyPurpose and Methodology
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
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• Screening survey sent to both DOTs and SHPOs.
• Twenty-nine out of 50 states responded.
• Six states submitted responses from both agencies.
State of Practice SurveyResults
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
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State of Practice SurveyResults: Awareness and Use of NCHRP Report 723
Awareness of NCHRP Report 723
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
Use of NCHRP Report 723 Model
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Post-World War II Areas of Concern• Suburban
Developments • Rural Residences • In-Fill Housing
State of Practice SurveyResults: Resources of Concern
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
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State of Practice SurveyResults: Post-World War II Methodologies
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
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Case Studies
Results
• Late 2000s when most SHPOs/DOTs began to grapple with post-war housing
• Widely Varying Funding Sources • Collaboration between DOTs and SHPOs Ensures
Success• Good historic context is backbone of an effective post-
war program.• “To Each His Own”
Sample Communities State of Practice In-Depth Survey Case Studies
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NCHRP 25-25 Task 110ConclusionFor More Information Visit the Project Website:http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=4334
The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) produces ready-to-implement solutions to the challenges facing transportation professionals. NCHRP is sponsored by the individual state departments of transportation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). NCHRP is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB), part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Any opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in resulting research products are those of the individuals and organizations who performed the research and are not necessarily those of TRB; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or NCHRP sponsors.
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POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING: A PERSPECTIVE FROM OHIO
Erica L. Schneider, M.A., RPAAssistant Environmental AdministratorODOT-Office of Environmental Services
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING IN OHIOo There are hundreds of thousands of Post-World War II houses in Ohioo In Franklin County alone there are 135,440 extant houses dating to the
period between 1946 and 1975o Perhaps the most famous is the Lustron House made of prefabricated
enameled steel manufactured in Columbus
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
110 Hummel Avenue, New Philadelphia
130 Woodley Ave, Findlay
2906 Hudson Drive, Cuyahoga Falls
3359 Kingston Ave, Grove City
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POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING IN OHIOo Post-World War II houses are rarely eligible individually unless they
have some outstanding characteristico Often these houses are in developments or neighborhoods built during
this period as soldiers returned and needed housing for them and their families
o It often makes sense to record and evaluate these resources as potential districts rather than individually eligible properties
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING IN OHIOo Ohio’s program has mainly been focused on
maintenance for the past several years
o No large-scale projects that impact entire neighborhoods
o Mainly strip right-of-way and the occasional parcel
o Projects that would adversely affect a Post-World War II development are rare
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION METHODS o NPS Bulletin: Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines for Evaluation
and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places
o Ohio Modern Statewide Historic Context and Ohio Modern Dayton Area Survey Report for context and examples of Post-World War II housing
o NCHRP Report 723: A Model for Identifying and Evaluation the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing for context and examples of WWII housing as well as approaches to recording and evaluating properties
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION METHODS o We do not have a time-saving, streamlined process or agreement with
our SHPO
o We document and evaluate these resources on a project-by-project basis in consultation with the SHPO
o We hope to develop an agreement with our SHPO on how to programmatically evaluate these properties in the future
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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FOR EXAMPLE…A TYPICAL PROJECTo Replacement of a traditional intersection with a roundabout and
replacement of three culverts in a suburban setting o The APE included 11 resources over 50 years oldo Seven were Post-World War II (1960s) ranch houseso Strip right-of-way (temporary and permanent) required from these
properties
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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FOR EXAMPLE…A TYPICAL PROJECTo ODOT cultural resources staff examined the historic context, the
setting, and the architectural attributes of these houses:
o Examples of common mid-century house types (ranch homes)
o Not associated with a planned development or event
o Not associated with a significant person
o Well-preserved examples of mid-century ranch homes, but common resources that do not feature distinctive or unique architectural or decorative features
o None were determined eligible for listing on the NRHP-either individually or as a group
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ELIGIBLE POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING DEVELOPMENTSHanford Village George Washington Carver Edition
o Planned FHA neighborhood for African Americans to use their GI Bill housing funds
o Over 160 Cape Cod-style homes built using the FHA Minimalist plan o Neighborhood bisected by I-70 in the 1960s o Eligible under A for event
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
Columbus Landmarks Foundation Columbus Dispatch
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ELIGIBLE POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
Hanford Village George Washington Carver Addition Historic District
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ELIGIBLE POST WORLD WAR II HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/OH-01-049-0083
https://www.jeffreyhorvath.com/p371708343/h161900CB#h161900cb
RushCreekVillage
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ELIGIBLE POST WORLD WAR II HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
o Mid-Century subdivision in suburban Columbus
o Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian style
o Designed by a student of Wright
o Built using traditional construction methods which allowed them to survive harsh Ohio winters
o “[A] wonderful and intact example of a local interpretation of Wright's organic architecture philosophy.“ (NR Form, 2003)
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COULD THIS BE ELIGIBLE?
Colonial Hills, Columbus (1940s-1950s)o Not evaluated
o 800+ homes designed by Todd Tibbals—early work of a prominent Columbus architect who went on to design well-known buildings and developments
o Commissioned by the Defense Homes Corporation to provide houses for executives engaged in wartime activities
o One of the first sites in the nation to use sheetrock rather than plaster
o Prefabricated houses trucked to the location
o Racial restrictions included in deeds ensured only Caucasians could live there
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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COULD THIS BE ELIGIBLE?
Assessing eligibility/impacts could be a huge undertaking
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
1943 2017
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WHAT ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES?
Hoffer Addition/Company Line neighborhood in Mansfield, Ohio
o Constructed mainly in the Post-World War II era
o Predominantly African American neighborhood
o Many residents moved from the South during the Great Migration
o Many worked in the nearby steel mill
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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WHAT ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES?
o The razing of the Hoffer Addition
o Issues with water and sewer in the neighborhoodo Urban Renewal movement o Desire by the city to use this land for something more
profitable o Cheaper to tear it down than fix the problems
All of this led to the razing of the neighborhood in the early 1970s
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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WHAT ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES?
Hoffer Addition/Company Line neighborhood
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
1947 1955
19641974
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WHAT ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES?
Hoffer Addition/Company Line neighborhood
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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WHAT ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES?
o Recommended as an archaeological district eligible under Criteria A for its association with the Great Migration and D for its information potential
o Project avoided the sites and no further work was conducted
Is this a sealed “time capsule” or is it a former neighborhood location that has been bulldozed and graded with little information potential or integrity?
How should we treat Post-World War II archaeological sites?
AASHTO SCES Summer 2019 – Post-World War II Housing
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THE FUTURE OF THE PAST IN OHIO
o No new, innovative streamlining methods because we haven’t needed them…yet
o No agreement with SHPO regarding the recordation and evaluation of Post-World War II housing…yet
o Addressing projects on a case-by-case basis using accepted processes and working closely with SHPO reviewers when evaluation is necessary
o We will likely develop some sort of agreement or SOP with the SHPO in the future
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QUESTIONS?Erica L. Schneider, Assistant Environmental Administrator
Susan Gasbarro, History/Architecture Team [email protected]
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Post World War II housing comes of age
Evaluating our childhood homes
Gail A. D’Avino, PhDAssistant State Environmental Administrator
August 2019
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Ranch House ChallengesYou got to be kidding, I grew up in one!
orIt’s just a ranch.
There are just too many of them to do Section 106 compliance.
Finally . . .
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Ranch Houses are 50 years old?!
The one that started it all.
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Primary Research
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Georgia SHPO’s Outreach
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The Ranch Assessment Team aka “RAT”
• Georgia SHPO• Georgia
Transmission Corporation
• Georgia DOT• Consultants
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The Benefits of the Guidelines• Historic context – national and state• Visual Guide• Georgia’s Ranch House Geography• Guidelines for identification and evaluation• Glossary of terms
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National Context• Provides history of the
ranch from its California roots to its establishment as a national house type.
• Post war development & suburbanization are explored
• Notes the major architects, landscape designers, and house plan books involved with Ranch House design
Cliff May
Bandolini House
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Georgia Context
• Provides an understanding of the house type and its significance in Georgia.
• Identifies the differences we know at this point between the national storyline and Georgia’s mid-twentieth century residential building growth.
Architect: Jean League
National Register of Historic Places listed Ranch House
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Visual GuideIdentifying the “must have qualities” to be considered a Ranch House building type on the exterior
Low Profile
Long
One story in height
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. . . they must have zoned living spaces
Open Floor Plan Closed Floor Plan
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Character-defining Features
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Character Defining Features for Georgia’s Ranches
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Eight Descriptive Subtypes
Compact Linear Linear with Clusters Bungalow
Half Courtyard Courtyard Rambling Alphabet
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Eight Descriptive Subtypes
Compact
AlphabetRamblingCourtyardHalf Courtyard
Bungalow Linear with Clusters Linear
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Ranch House Geography
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• Neighborhood Infill and Growth
• Subdivisions
• Tract Planned Communities
• Rural or Individual Ranch Houses
Location Matters!
• Ranch Houses located along Corridors
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Evaluation Tools• Provides tools for evaluating both
individual and grouped properties under the National Register Criteria.
• Discusses integrity and provides an evaluation framework for Ranch House resources.
• Identifies common alterations and suggests how these might be weighed.
• Provides evaluation examples.
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Major Mobility Investment Program (MMIP)
$11 Billion Program
Innovative Delivery and public-private partnerships to accelerate projects
11 projects under contract by 2026
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MMIP Project Locations
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MMIP Considerations• Minimal ROW• Interstate Construction• Level of Effort Commensurate with Potential
for Effect
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Memorandum of Understandingfor Historic Resources
• Defined a Reduced Area of Potential Effect• Fewer resources impacted = Smaller Reports• Less time needed for SHPO review
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The Results
Number of resources
600
60
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Then Now
# of Resources
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Thank you!
The Ranch House in Georgia Guidelines for Evaluation available at http://georgiashpo.org/