review of bioenergy projects implemented under …...please cite this publication as: howes p.,...
TRANSCRIPT
-
EUR 2016.6932 October 2016
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
-
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) Unit B1 H2020 Energy
Contact: Silvia Vivarelli
E-mail: [email protected]
European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUR 2016.6932
mailto:[email protected]
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Final report
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
i
AUTHORS
Ricardo Energy & Environment: Pat Howes, Lisa Groves, Susan O’Brien, Kathryn Rushton, Arani Myvalganam, Marzena Chodor
RSE: Giovanni Ciceri
REVIEWED BY
Silvia Vivarelli (Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises – EASME), European Commission
Emilio Font de Mora (Innovation and Networks Executive Agency – INEA), European Commission
Please cite this publication as: Howes P., Groves L. et al. (2016) Review of bioenergy projects implemented
under Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) II. Report prepared by Ricardo Energy & Environment for the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) under contract EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008. Brussels. 2016.
LEGAL NOTICE
This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu).
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016
Print ISBN 978-92-9202-222-8 DOI:10.2826/20473 EA-01-16-958-EN-C
PDF ISBN 978-92-9202-221-1 DOI:10.2826/3314 EA-01-16-958-EN-N
© European Union, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
(*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The completion of this review could have not been possible without the participation and assistance
of so many people. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged.
Our thanks for agreeing to an on-site visit
Dr.Radosław Pomykała, AGH University of Science and Technology; Matthew Woodcock, Forestry Commission; Casimiro Andretta, Società Agricola Agrialleva; Bruno Tolfo, Cooperativa Agricola Livenza; Bert Huisman, Greendal Vergisting; Michele Corazzola and Roberto Corazzola, Cippo Legno; Antonio De Luca, De Luca Sas di De Luca Antonio & Co; Mr. Imerio Pellizzari, Trentino Rinnovabili; Benku Albert, Bertis Company; Farkas Csaba, Prod Com Dalia SRL; Vajda Lajos, Business Incubator
Sf. Gheorghe; Hrvoje Teo Oršanič, Kozjanski Park; Christos Karachristos, Rodopi Park; Stefan Hinterreiter, Biomassehof Achental; Orlando Paraiba, ENA.
Our thanks for participating in an Interview
Tytti Laitinen, Jyväskylä Innovation Ltd; Dr. Gerhard Schories, Verein zur Förderung des Technologietransfers an der Hochschule Bremerhaven e.V (TTZ); Ana Kojaković, Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar; Andy Bull, Severn Wye Energy Agency Ltd; Pau Puigdollers, Innovació i Recerca Industrial i Sostenible; Matthias Edel, German Energy Agency; Dominik Rutz, WIP Renewable
Energies; Stefano Proietti, ISIS- Istituto di Studi per l'Integrazione dei Sistemi; Ilze Dzene, Ekodoma Ltd; Bettina Lancaster, STUDIA; Lies Bamelis, DLV (United Experts); Günther Bochmann, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien; Paz Gómez, AINIA; Ir. R.L Cornelissen, Cornelissen Consulting Services B.V; W.J. van den Berg, Province of Groningen; Dr. Reinhard Haas & Dr. Amela Ajanovic, Vienna University of Technology; John P.A. Neeft, Agentschap NL; Mr. Maurizio Trevisan, CETA Centre for Theoretical and Applied Ecology; Dr. Eng. Guido Mattei, European Consulting Brussels SPRL; Orlando
Paraíba, ENA; S. Krause, Fraunhofer UMSICHT; Alessandro Chiesa, CESTEC S.p.A; Maria Grazia
Tommasini, CRPV Soc. coop. - Centro Ricerche Produzioni Vegetali; Calliope Panoutsou, Imperial College London; Michael Papapetrou, WIP Renewable Energies; John P.A. Neeft, RVO; Eise Spijker, Stichting Joint Implementation Network; David Sánchez, CENER; Matthew Woodcock, Forestry Commission England; Eija Alakangas, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Jyrki Raitila, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Christian Metschina, LK Stmk; Rene Cornelissen, CCS B.V; Andrew Rowson, University of Exeter; Dr.-Ing. Volker Lenz, DBFZ Deutsches
Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH; Ms. Pilar Zapata Aranda, BIOAZUL S.L; Jean-Marc Jossart, AEBIOM - European Biomass Association; Dr Nike Krajnc, Slovenian Forestry Institute; Cosette Khawaja, Rainer Janssen, WIP Renewable Energies; WIP Renewable Energies, AEBIOM - European Biomass Association; Mr Pasi Poikonen, Finnish Forest Research Institute; Ellen Corke, Environment Department, City of Malmö; Jean-Marc Jossart, AEBIOM - European Biomass Association; Diego Mattioli, Legambiente ONLUS; Rita Mergner, Dominik Rutz, WIP Renewable Energies; Eva López Hernández, CIRCE; Elisabeth McDonnell, DECC, UK; Kees Kwant, Netherlands
Enterprise Agency; Dr Åsa Forsum, Swedish Energy Agency; Mr Matthew Clancy, SEAI; Noel Gavigan, IrBEA Ltd; Volker Jaensch, Renewables Academy AG (RENAC); Andrew Welfie, Manchester
University; Isabela Butnar UCL; Marie Kirby, Harper Adams; Jan Willem Bijmagte, CCCS BV; Professor Remigio Berruto, University of Turin; Lisa Lundmark, Swedish Energy Agency.
Our thanks for completing the Online Survey
Ryszard Wnuk, The Polish National Energy Conservation Agency (KAPE); Santino Di Berardino,
LNEG; Maurizio Dal Ferro, Studio Dal Ferro; Michal Néemth, Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency; Alain De Vocht, PXL University College; Kees Kwant, Netherlands Entreprise Agency; Calliope Panoutsou, Imperial College London; Ellen Corke, City of Malmö; Marek Amrozy, Narodowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii S.A; Katrin Kayser, IBBK Fachgruppe Biogas GmbH; Kurt Hjort-Gregersen, Danish Technolical Institute; Edward Majewski, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Declan O Sullivan, RGFI; Laurens Vandelannoote, Innovatiesteunpunt; Göran Gustavsson, Energikontor Sydost; MIndaugas Šilininkas, Euromediena; Frédéric Janssens, COPO; Patrick J. McCarthy,
Renewable Gas Forum-Irish Green Gas Ltd; Daniel Bisorca, ISPE – Institute for Studies and Power Engineering Bucharest; Pablo RODERO, Asociación Española de Valorización Energética de la
Biomasa; Daniel Dulcea, ISPE Romania; Ionel Ioana, Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara; Ana Kojakovic, Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar; Léa Dieckhoff, EIFER; Paola Mazzucchelli, EUREC; Orlando Paraíba, ENA; Lorenzo Ceccherini, CEWEP; Zwier van der Vegte, Wageningen UR Livestock Research
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
iii
KTC De Marke; Katja Kurki-Suonio, Finnish Energy; William Richardson, Rural Development
Initiatives Limited; Pau Puigdollers, IRIS; Leire Iriarte, IINAS - International Institute for Sustainability Analysis and Strategy; Eva López Hernández, CICRE Foundation; Jørgen Hinge, DTI; Thomas Maidonis, WIP Renewable Energies; Regis Vankerkove, SRIW; Martin Leahy, The Heath Farm; Eija Alakangas, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd; Tiit Maidre, Estonian Biofuel
Association; Mark Prior, Forestry Commission; Masja Pit, DCA; Peeter Volke, United Loggers; Reinhard Haas, Energy Economics Group; Biljana Kulisic, Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar; Daniel O'Sullivan, Institute of Technology Carlow; Velimir Šegon, REGEA; Ilze Dzene, Ekodoma, Ltd; Christian Metschina, Lk Steiermark; Bettina Lancaster, STUDIA; M Dolores Curt, ADABE and Technical University of Madrid; Pasi Poikonen, Natural Resources Institute Finland; Eise Spijker, Joint Implementation Network; Lies Bamelis, DLV; Antonia Lorenzo, BIOAZUL SL; Nike Krajnc, Slovenian Forestry Institute; Helen McHenry, Western Development Commission; Willem Boeve, Inagro;
Francies Van Gijzeghem, ODE Bio-enerige platform; Conor McGovern; Matthew Woodcock, Forestry Commission; Katrin Heinsoo, Estonian University of Life Sciences; Elis Vollmer, Estonian University of Life Sciences; Reinhart Van Poucke, UGent; Kai Sipilä, VTT; Declan Kennedy, Biotricity; Vita
Tilvikiene, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry; Francesco Fatone, University of Verona; Benjamin Blumenstein, Universität Kasssel; Silke Weyberg, Fachverband Biogas; Wolfgang Gabauer, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien; Thomas Dory, Bert Energy GmbH; Katharina Hartmann,
Renewables Academy (RENAC) AG; Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau, Stiftung; Christian Schlagitweit, proPellts Austria; Johann Mayr, ARGE Österreichischer Abfallwirtschaftsverbände; Dominik Rutz, WIP Renewable Energies; Dr. Anne Berghoff, ttz Bremerhaven; Franco Parola, Coldiretti; David Bolzonella, Università di Verona; Carla de Carolis, UNIVPM Università Politecnica delle Marche; Remigio Berruto, DISAFA - DEIAFA - University of Turin; Bonhomme Trame; Patrick de Jamblinne, 2ZK; Camille Poutrin, Services Coop de France; Bastin Almadius, SPRL; Herve Gorius, Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Bretagne; Ewa Kwapich, Wielkopolski Osrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego w
Poznaniu; Adam Piszczek, Kujawsko-Pomorski Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego w Minikowie; Ryszard Adamiec, Śląski Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego w Częstochowie; Bogusław Kiedrowski, LODR w Końskowoli; Janusz Jurkiewicz, WODR Poznań; Grzegorz Manowski, Pomorski Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego w Gdańsku; Anna Grzybek, Instytut Technologiczno Przyrodniczy Polskie Towarzystwo, Biomasy; Marek Siuciak, LODR w Końskowoli; Krzysztof Wychowałek, Ośrodek Działań
Ekologicznych "Źródła"; Król Małgorzata, WIelkopolski Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego; Pilar Zapata Aranda, Bioazul S.L; Paz Gómez, AINIA.
We also thank the European Commission Steering Committee for their valuable input and reviews.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report provides a review of the support for bioenergy delivered under the Intelligent Energy Europe II (IEE II) programme in terms of measurable outputs and impacts. The IEE II programme
was open to calls for proposals between 2007-2013 and has supported 47 bioenergy projects with €48.3m of funds:
18 projects for solid biomass (total funding: €17.5m);
14 projects for biogas (total funding €16m);
6 projects for liquid biofuels (total funding €5.2m);
9 projects for strategic initiatives (total funding €9.6m).
IEE’s role was to fund specific actions within the market place to overcome non-technological barriers to both the efficient use of energy and the greater use of new and renewable energy sources, with
the overall aim of contributing to the provision of secure, sustainable and competitively priced energy for Europe. The bioenergy projects aimed to increase the share of biomass used in the production of electricity, heat and cooling.
As of May 2015, 34 of the 47 IEE II bioenergy projects were complete. At that point, in order to understand the potential impacts of IEE II bioenergy funding both today and in the future up to 2020, and to feed into European future support structures and approaches (such as Horizon 2020),
EASME commissioned this study to review all of the available evidence and provide expert opinion on the impacts claimed by the projects. A fundamental element of the review was to evaluate all available evidence on the basis of the reliability of the data. The methodology process used is shown in the figure below. The data was assessed as reliable (i.e. there was a clear reference source for the data), acceptable (i.e. using a clear methodology or estimate derived from reliable data) and potential (i.e. estimated from a related metric using a common conversion factor or from data potentially resulting from the project). Most data below is shown as reliable or reliable and
acceptable. Where total data is provided this includes all potential estimated impacts as well. By the completion of this review, 43 of the 47 projects were complete, and their final data were taken into account when possible.
Findings and Conclusions
The review has shown that IEE II bioenergy projects played an important role in assisting the development of bioenergy in Europe between 2007 and 2013 and continue to influence the sector
at present and into the foreseeable future. There is evidence that this programme accelerated the development of bioenergy in Europe, increasing the mobilisation of indigenous biomass, creating and reinforcing bioenergy supply chains and augmenting the final
Evidence Assessment
What evidence is available through Projects?
What other sources of information is available (e.g. from EASME, at regional/national level, trade associations)?
Evaluation of Impact
How was impact estimated in each project?
What assumptions were made by the projects?
Were these assumptions reasonable?
How confident are we in the impact estimate?
Stakeholder evidence
Information obtained from stakeholders in the programme through:
Telephone interviews with project co-ordinators and with stakeholders impacted by the projects
A survey of stakeholders
Field visits to stakeholders who developed plants asa result of the projects
Other evidence provided by stakeholders e.g. trade associations.
Enhancement of data
Estimation of impacts using assumptions and conversions of available data:
Conversion to standard units for comparison
Assumptions regarding mobilisation, investment and jobs
Checking summed data against total country and total EU projections
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
v
biomasss consumption for energy purposes. This has been made possible by; providing tools
for assessment of opportunities and risks for the development of bioenergy; providing users with confidence in the feedstocks and technology available; building awareness and understanding of bioenergy and capacity and skills needed to implement bioenergy, creating networks between stakeholders and developers, establishing bioenergy supply chains, promoting investments and
spreading best practice. Support to policy development and implementation at EU, national and regional level has also contributed to create a more favourable framework for bioenergy.
The headline impacts from the IEE II bioenergy projects were:
Metric Programme Achievement
Biomass mobilisation and production
The reliable short term (by the end of each project up to June 2016) biomass feedstocks mobilised was 0.49 Mtoe (million tonnes oil equivalent) (0.9 million tonnes), rising to 1.2 Mtoe (2.97 m tonnes)
if acceptable data was included, and 3.4 Mtoe (18.6 m tonnes) if potential data was included. The reliable and acceptable estimate included 1 Mtoe of forest wood, and 0.12 Mtoe of Used Cooking Oil.
In the long term (by 2020) the biomass feedstocks mobilised could be 6.58 Mtoe (29.1m tonnes), comprising 0.39 Mtoe (2.9m tonnes), from reliable and acceptable data and 6.18 Mtoe (26.3m tonnes) from potential data.
The reliable short term bioenergy carriers produced were 1.34 Mtoe and a further 0.37 Mtoe arose from acceptable data, rising to a potential of 2.09 Mtoe if all data was included.
In the long term there is potential for over 8 Mtoe of bioenergy carriers to be produced, including 5.5 Mtoe of wood pellets, 0.7 Mtoe of woodchips, and 1 Mtoe biogas/biomethane.
Renewable Energy The reliable and acceptable short term renewable energy production was 1.65 Mtoe (0.24 Mtoe reliable and 1.41 Mtoe acceptable), rising
to a potential of 2.6 Mtoe if potential data was included. This comprised: 1.43 Mtoe heat, 0.05 Mtoe electricity, 0.03 Mtoe of biomethane injection to the grid, 0.11 Mtoe for CHP (0.1 for heat, 0.01 Mtoe for electricity) and 0.01 Mtoe for biofuels.
The reliable long term renewable energy production was 4.4 Mtoe, acceptable data added another 6.8 Mtoe, rising to 15.00 Mtoe if potential data is also included. These figures are higher than biomass
mobilised because there was less data available for biomass mobilised.
Contribution to EU projections1
In 2016 the completed projects made a contribution of 0.2 Mtoe to EU bioenergy projections, assessed from reliable data. Acceptable data added 1.4 Mtoe to this and potentially the projects contributed a further 0.95 Mtoe. The total reliable and acceptable contribution
was 1.6 Mtoe, or 1.18% of the 2015 EU Primes modelling projections (136 Mtoe).
In the long term the projects will make a reliable contribution of at least 4.4 Mtoe to the 2020 bioenergy targets. Acceptable data adds 6.9 Mtoe to this and there is a potential to contribute a further 3.7 Mtoe, totalling 15.0 Mtoe. The total reliable and acceptable
contribution was 11.3 Mtoe, or 7.5% of the 2020 projection for bioenergy (150.7 Mtoe).
Investment Triggered
In the short term the reliable and acceptable investment triggered was EUR 913 million of which 14% was from reliable investment data (EUR 258 million). Potential data added a further EUR 905 million.
The total long term the reliable and acceptable investment triggered
was EUR 6 372 million, of which 9% was from reliable estimates (EUR 1 138 million). Potential data added a further EUR 5 848 million.
1 The EU projections used here were taken from DG ENERGY Primes modelling (reference scenarios)
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
vi
Leverage effect (per
EUR 1 million EU funding)
Short term potential investment leveraged: EUR 18.9 million per EUR
million of EU funding, based on reliable and acceptable estimates. This increases to EUR 37.5 million per EUR million of EU funding when potential data is included. The highest proportion of this comes from
solid biomass (56%), with biogas/biomethane and strategic initiatives projects each contributing 27%.
Long term investment leveraged: EUR 132 million per EUR million EU funding, based on reliable and acceptable estimates. The highest proportion of this comes from solid biomass (81%) with biogas/biomethane projects contributing 13%, and strategic initiatives projects contributing 6%.
Short term renewable energy leveraged: 0.035 Mtoe was generated per EUR million EU funding using reliable and acceptable energy production data. The highest energy triggered in reliable and acceptable projects is for solid biomass, followed by strategic
projects. Long term renewable energy leveraged using reliable and acceptable
generation data was: 0.23 Mtoe was generated per EUR million EU funding. These results are influenced by two projects that have high estimates for Mtoe triggered.
Greenhouse gas emission savings
The reliable short term GHG emission savings were 0.5 Mt CO2e/y, rising to 5.6 Mt CO2e/y for reliable and acceptable data, and a potential of 6.9 Mt CO2e/y if all data was included. The reliable long
term GHG emission savings were 1.6 Mt CO2e/y, rising to 25.7 Mt CO2e/y for reliable and acceptable data, and a potential of 30.3 Mt CO2e/y if all data was included.
Reduction in GHG coming from biomass heat is the main source of predicted reduction (67%), with electricity comprising the smallest contribution (0.003%). There were over 6.6 Mt CO2e/year (in the long term data) that were unspecified by the projects as to the source.
Dissemination of information
Around 2.8 million stakeholders have been informed about bioenergy as a result of the dissemination activities supported in the programme.
1.86 Million stakeholders accessed websites hosted by the projects, including 0.24 million downloads and just over 1 100 online scans
using online tools. More than 2 200 one to one meetings, 2 400 workshops and 316 study
tours were held. In addition projects organised training sessions, demonstrations, forums and information days.
These events attracted just over 200 000 stakeholders, including almost 70 000 at workshops, over 122 000 at conferences, over 8 600 stakeholders at one to one meetings and around 6 000 at study
tours/site visits. Handbooks or guides to bioenergy were distributed to over 23 000
stakeholders; leaflets were distributed to over 600 000 stakeholders. These events reached over 200 stakeholders in almost each EU
Member State, but attracted over 1 000 stakeholders from each of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Greece, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Slovakia and the UK.
Contact with key stakeholders
Farmers (13 300), foresters (19 150), agro-food sector (300), SMEs (18 100), local and regional officials and policy makers (7 100), decision makers (15 200, including policy makers and financiers) and experts, auditors, standards and nature organisations and NGOs (7
700).
Supply chain support 443 business plans and 1 536 feasibility studies were developed. This resulted in the development of over 400 plants across the EU, representing over 165MW (there were 279 heat and CHP plants, 9
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
vii
PVO plants, 46 biogas/biomethane plants and 91 biogas plants2). In
addition to this 6 upgrading plants for biomethane were installed, 68 filling stations or filling points for biomethane or biofuels were installed and almost 3 300 vehicles were purchased.
236 supply chains were developed.
Policy intervention Direct contact with over 560 policy makers. In addition many projects reported policy maker attendance at events.
76 biomass action plans, roadmaps or implementation plans were developed by 18 projects. 59 of these were aimed at specific regions that had been involved in the projects; five provided plans of
relevance at EU level; and 12 were aimed at national level. These resulted in 39 plans or project recommendations implemented at the regional level and 17 at national level. In addition there were 372 letters of intent from policy makers to take project results into account.
Specific policy achievements are described in the section of this report
examining success stories (section 6.3) and in the conclusions.
Development of models/tools to assist bioenergy development
28 projects developed tools and methodologies to enable evaluation of the potential of bioenergy and its uptake and the impact on reduction of GHG emissions at regional, EU Member State and Europe level and tools that allow policy makers understand the impact of various policy measures. Projects recorded that over 15 000
stakeholders downloaded, used or were trained to use these tools.
The conclusions we can draw from the review (taking account of the activities and their impacts) are:
A core strength of IEE II is that it strongly contributed to capacity building and provided
an important framework of support for stakeholders (particularly SMEs and at regional and
local level who did not otherwise have the capacities or resources to undertaken such activities themselves) to accelerate the development of bioenergy in Europe by:
1. Supporting policy development and implementation, providing policy recommendations and market feedback to policy makers at both European and national level, and assisting local and regional policy-makers to develop and implement local strategies and action plans.
2. Providing information and tools for assessing opportunities in the bioenergy sector, such as
assessment of biomass feedstock resource availability (now and potential, including assessment of competition for the resource on a regional, national and EU basis) and bioenergy potential.
3. Enhancing stakeholders’ confidence in biomass feestocks and in the technologies available, including the development and implementation of standards and certification systems.
4. Building capacity and skills through training, workshops, information and development tools, guidelines, etc. and by spreading best practice.
5. Creating networks between stakeholders to enable development of bioenergy and the establishment of bioenergy supply chains.
6. Promoting investment, performing feasibility studies, developing business plans, providing expert advice and supporting tendering procedures and contracting.
IEE II has successfully transferred knowledge and best practice from countries and regions experienced in bioenergy to countries/regions where bioenergy opportunities were less developed.
The programme has a wide geographical range and is demonstrably inclusive. Large scale dissemination has clearly introduced bioenergy concepts to a wide audience, and it is clear that a number of projects have also successfully funnelled stakeholders towards development of biomass, by targeting small scale workshops, study tours and one to one meetings with stakeholders that would most benefit from this assistance. Stakeholders targeted have included local authorities and
2 Biogas/Biomethane plants are those plants developed to use biogas/biomethane as a vehicle fuel or to upgrade biogas to biomethane for injection into the grid. Biogas plants are anaerobic digestion plants that are used for heat or heat and power.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
viii
regional policy makers, financiers, plant developers, energy companies and the forestry, agricultural
and agro-industry sector.
IEE II has successfully increased bioenergy planning and implementation. Figures to support this are provided in the summary table above. The type of actions supported under IEE II (such as dissemination, capacity building, development of bioenergy supply chains and policy
implementation) take time to produce concrete results. Furthermore, many IEE II bioenergy projects focused on small-scale thermal energy systems, which do not give immediate high figures in terms of bioenergy produced, but have high replication potential. These small-scale systems are also difficult to identify and their impact difficult to capture by project teams. Therefore it is likely that higher impacts have been achieved by IEE II bioenergy projects than reported here. Furthermore, the impacts of some activities such as standardisation, certification, dissemination, policy development and implementation are difficult to quantify. If those could also be taken into account
the impacts achieved would be much higher.
IEE II represents a small proportion (4%) of the EU funding budget for bioenergy in the 2007-13 period. Its success in implementing bioenergy demonstrates their power in accelerating bioenergy development and the need for these activities to continue. The leverage per EUR investment is high, demonstrating the underlying importance of the actions undertaken. However, many of these actions contribute to the early stages of biomass development, so the leverage may
not be due completely to IEE II alone.
There is a need for common terminology for outputs and impacts, so that projects report in standard units and use standard conversions. The high quality of outputs and impacts could be improved further by making their definition more prescriptive and methodology driven. This would enable spot checks on the programme against targets and allow impacts to be assessed as the programme develops. It would also make it easier to audit and evaluate the projects. In particular there is a need for clear reporting of biomass feedstocks used and the type of energy generated.
The intended impact of IEE II funding for bioenergy was an increased uptake of bioenergy in
Europe, beyond that that would have been achieved by EU and national Member State policy alone. It is our conclusion that the data and analysis carried out in this review supports this impact being achieved.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1
The Intelligent Energy - Europe II (IEE II) Programme ...................................... 3
EU Bioenergy Policy Background..................................................................... 7
2. IEE II BIOENERGY PROJECTS: AN OVERVIEW .......................................................... 11
Solid Biomass IEE II projects ........................................................................ 11
Biogas & Biomethane IEE II projects .............................................................. 17
Liquid Biofuels IEE II projects ....................................................................... 21
Strategic initiative IEE II projects .................................................................. 23
3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 26
IEE II reporting requirements and available data ............................................. 27
Challenges present in the baseline data ......................................................... 28
Impact Review Methodology ......................................................................... 30
Site visits (providing detail for success stories) ............................................... 34
Assessment of reliability ............................................................................... 37
Challenges encountered during our assessments ............................................. 38
Conversions and enhancement of the data ..................................................... 39
4. PERFORMANCE OF IEE-II BIOENERGY PROJECTS AGAINST COMMON PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ........................................................................................................ 43
Biomass feedstock mobilised and bioenergy carriers produced .......................... 44
Final renewable energy production ................................................................ 64
Contribution to the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) overall target ...... 73
Contribution to the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) sectoral targets ... 76
Reduction of GHG emissions ......................................................................... 78
Investments ............................................................................................... 82
Multiplication (Leverage) effect ..................................................................... 85
Potential employment impacts ...................................................................... 94
5. ADDITIONAL METRICS OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE .................................................. 98
Analysis of outputs .................................................................................... 100
6. SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS AND SUCCESS STORIES ................................................ 145
Introduction.............................................................................................. 145
Success stories ......................................................................................... 181
7. SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................... 194
Sample Selection & Approach ..................................................................... 194
Summary of survey results ......................................................................... 194
Survey responses analysis .......................................................................... 195
8. BIOENERGY RELATED PROJECTS SUPPORTED UNDER OTHER EU PROGRAMMES ......... 210
Introduction.............................................................................................. 210
Methodology ............................................................................................. 210
High level findings ..................................................................................... 210
European Territorial Co-operation (ETC) Energy Projects ................................ 215
LIFE+ ...................................................................................................... 216
NER300 .................................................................................................... 217
Seventh Framework Programme for research and technological development (FP7) ....................................................................................................... 218
Rural Development Programmes (RDPS) funded under EAFRD ........................ 219
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
x
European Industrial Bioenergy Initiative (EIBI) ............................................. 219
Awareness of IEE II amongst other EU programmes ...................................... 220
Discussion ................................................................................................ 221
9. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 224
Conclusions on outputs .............................................................................. 224
Conclusions on impacts .............................................................................. 226
Conclusions on stakeholder input and comments ........................................... 228
Conclusions on other EU support ................................................................. 229
Suggestions for future improvement ............................................................ 229
Summary ................................................................................................. 230
10. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................ 231
11. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 233
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 List of evidence reviewed for each IEE II project
Appendix 2 Conversion methodology
Appendix 3 Stakeholder survey questions
Appendix 4 Bioenergy projects funded under other European programmes
Appendix 5 Data for stakeholder participation by country and stakeholder type.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
1
1. INTRODUCTION
This review was undertaken for the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
(EASME) between May 2015 and June 2016. It was aimed at evaluating the impacts and achievements of bioenergy projects supported under Intelligent Energy - Europe II (IEE II) between 2007 and 2013. In total 47 IEE II bioenergy projects were supported in this time period. These are shown in Figure 1-1.
The evaluation examined the impact of all 47 projects. It was undertaken in two stages. The first determined common metrics and other factors that could be aggregated into programme-level achievements. This was supplemented with specific key examples of success.
The final impacts were categorised by category of bioenergy project (i.e. transport biofuel, biogas/biomethane, solid biomass and strategic initiatives), bioenergy carrier and country using the following metrics and factors:
Bioenergy produced/mobilised; o Tonnes (t) and tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) of solid biomass mobilised o Cubic metres (m3) and toe of biogas produced,
o Cubic metres and toe biomethane produced, o Tonnes and toe of liquid biofuels produced (by type, e.g. biodiesel and bioethanol),
Final renewable energy production; o Million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in total, o (GigaWatt hours/ year (GWh/year) for electricity, Mtoe for heat and Mtoe for
transport fuels), Investments (million Euro, €) triggered by project, by country and by topic/application;
Leverage effect, per project and in total, in terms of; o € triggered per Million € EU funding, o GWh/year or Mtoe triggered per Million € EU funding,
o Differentiating per end use (thermal energy, electricity and transport fuel), Contribution to the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) overall target: share of
country gross final energy consumption (GFEC); Contribution to the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) sectorial targets: share of
energy/electricity/transport sectorial GFEC; Reduction of GHG emissions (tonne CO2-eq/year).
A key part of this review was to identify the key programme-level indicators and specific examples that allow production of a reliable evidence base on which to base any statements around the importance of market support intervention funding. Therefore in evaluating the projects we also considered how the results were reported and what factors were most important in showing the
market impact of the funding.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
2
Figure 1-1 The 47 projects supported by IEE II, by date of project and colour coded for sector. The red line indicates the timing of the mid-term review. The green line indicates the time scale of this review. The number beside the project acronym indicates the EU contribution.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
3
The Intelligent Energy - Europe II (IEE II) Programme
1.1.1 Background
The IEE programme3, which was a pillar of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework
Programme (CIP), ran from 2003-2013 in two phases, the second running from 2007-2013 (IEE II). Although it still funds a number of ongoing projects, since 2014 IEE II has not held any further open Calls for proposals. Support to market uptake in bioenergy is included in the Horizon 2020 programme.
IEE’s role was to fund specific actions within the market place to overcome non-technological barriers to both the efficient use of energy and the greater use of new and renewable energy sources, with the overall aim of contributing to the provision of secure, sustainable and competitively priced energy
for Europe.
The IEE II programme had a budget of EUR 730 million to fund projects4. These were mostly
disbursed in the form of grants and tenders to public and private organisations committed to collaborating towards a cleaner, more competitive and more secure energy future. The IEE II programme was intended to form a bridge between research and innovation to mass market uptake. The main areas covered5 were:
Energy efficiency and the rational use of energy (SAVE).
o Targeted the improvement of energy efficiency and the rational use of resources in
the industry, products and building sectors.
New and renewable resources (ALTENER).
o Aimed to increase the share of renewables in the production of electricity, heat and
cooling, and to integrate them in the local energy systems.
Energy in transport (STEER).
o Focused on energy savings and energy efficiency in the transport sector, including
stimulation of demand for alternative fuels and clean and energy-efficient vehicles.
Other integrated initiatives.
o These projects covered several economic sectors or several of the main areas of
energy efficiency, new and renewable resources and energy in transport at the same
time. Projects supporting educating children, tomorrow's energy savers and
consumers, were covered by this part of the programme.
Additionally the European Commission (EC) launched a number of special initiatives6 under IEE II to
create momentum and accelerate progress in particular areas. These include the BUILD UP Skills
programme, Covenant of Mayors and EU Sustainable Energy Week. The IEE II also supported
Concerted Actions7 around key EU legislation, including the Energy Savings, Energy Performance of
Buildings and Renewable Energy Sources Directives. Under IEE II, national authorities could
informally meet to discuss and evaluate cost effective options for implementing the relevant
European Directives, and gives the opportunity for the EC to work with Member States.
Most parts of the IEE II programme were run by the Executive Agency for Competitiveness and
Innovation (EACI) (which became the Executive Agency for SMEs (EASME) in 2014) on behalf of the
European Commission.
1.1.2 Support to bioenergy under IEE II
This assessment is concerned only with those actions supported in IEE II to enhance the use of bioenergy as part of the programme of work supported on new and renewable energy sources. 47 bioenergy projects were funded under IEE II: 18 on solid biomass (total funding: €17.5 M); 14 on
3 Information summarised from: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/files/doc/iee_at_a_glance_2011_en.pdf and IEE
Guidelines for the calculation of the IEE Common Performance Indicators (CPIs). 4 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/about/iee-programme/. 5 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/about/funding-areas/. 6 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/about/iee-initiatives/ 7 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/about/concerted-actions/
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/files/doc/iee_at_a_glance_2011_en.pdf
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
4
biogas (total funding €16 M); 6 on liquid biofuels (total funding €5.2M) and 9 on strategic initiatives (total funding €9.6 M).
Bioenergy projects were supported under the IEE II programme within the ALTENER area, which had the objective of promoting new and renewable energy sources and supporting energy diversification.
Each project supported addressed one or more of five defined fields of delivery:
1. Shape policy development and implementation (e.g. provision of recommendations and
market feedback to policy makers in the European Commission and Member States (MS);
actions to support the implementation of EU Directives and policies; and actions that assist
local and regional policy makers to develop and implement local strategies and action plans,
etc.)
2. Create favourable market conditions (e.g. contribution to standards development and
implementation, accelerated uptake of certification schemes; development of infrastructure
and logistic, improved information; tackling common barriers, etc.)
3. Change behaviour (e.g. large scale information exchange and awareness raising; actions
encouraging market players to change behaviour, etc.)
4. Build skills and capacities (e.g. supporting the development of appropriate skills and
competencies of market players through e.g. trainings, study tours, workshops, developing
tools and guidelines, etc.).
5. Mobilising investments (e.g. provision of necessary information; performing feasibility
studies; mobilising decision makers and funding technical assistance; promoting cooperation
between market actors, preparation of tendering procedures and contractual arrangements;
facilitating use of structural and other investment funds, etc.)
Further information on the spectrum of bioenergy projects supported in IEE II is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Range of work supported in bioenergy by IEE II, by key area and type of action
Bioenergy key areas addressed in IEE II
Solid biomass, biogas/bio-methane, liquid biofuels: Support to the development of supply chains and to their use for energy purposes.
Strategic initiatives - Support to policy development and implementation, including planning.
Examples of Actions supported
Development of tools and guidelines (online and published)
Training and skills development
Provision of data and information
Support to the development of standards and their implementation
Support to the development of certification schemes and their implementation
Economic data and analysis of best cost options
Development of networks for target stakeholders
Facilitation of exchange of information between regions and between different types of stakeholders (e.g. policy makers, bioenergy developers, environmental protection
associations and different regions)
Promotion of cooperation between actors in the biomass mobilisation chain and for the use of biomass for energy purposes
Establishment of supply chains
Promotion of actions and exchange of information at local levels
Support to investments and improve access to finance
Development of infrastructure for collection/harvesting, transformation, distribution and
use; improvement of use of infrastructure in existence
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
5
Resource quantification, information on biomass potentials and competing uses
Guidelines for development of biomass trade
Knowledge transfer between regions
Regional bioenergy planning tools
Information on biomass sustainability and development of harmonised data on sustainability and GHG emissions
Information to policy makers to create a favourable policy and support framework for bioenergy.
1.1.3 IEE II bioenergy intervention logic
It is critical to ground any programme or project review in an understanding of how the programme intervenes in the implementation process (referred to as its “intervention logic”). This is an important process as defining the intervention logic helps to frame the assessment questions that the study is
seeking to answer, as well as defining the scope and depth of the analysis.
An intervention logic pathway starts with the rationale and objectives of the programme and the challenges and barriers the programme was designed to address. It then describes the actions taken
under the programme (e.g. creating awareness; building capacity), the expected results (e.g. in this case, bioenergy mobilisation) and the wider impacts (e.g. greater market competitiveness; contributing to EU 2020 renewable energy targets and beyond).
Our assessment uses the intervention logic as a framework for understanding the IEE II bioenergy projects’ impacts and outcomes in the wider context of the IEE II programme. We have produced a simplified intervention logic for the IEE II programme, in relation to its impact in bioenergy in Figure 1-2.
The key drivers for the IEE II programme are: improvement in the sustainability of energy and increased energy security; and a need to stabilise GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. There is
clearly capacity for bioenergy to contribute to these needs, as has been identified through the IEE programme. However the market for bioenergy is underdeveloped in many EU countries. The driving intervention logic in supporting bioenergy projects under IEE II is that market development is a key part of the path to success.
Targeted funding on projects that are designed to deliver on the five defined fields of delivery (Section 1.1.2), is intended to result in individual quantitative targets being met, as well as various other results such as policy development and implementation, supply chain mobilisation, increased access to finance and feasibility studies.
The consequent intended impact of IEE II funding for bioenergy was an increased uptake of bioenergy in Europe, beyond that which would have been achieved by EU and national Member State policy alone.
The objective of this review of bioenergy projects delivered under IEE II was to produce a
reliable evidence base to show the impact of market support on the bioenergy market.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME)
EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008 6
Figure 1-2 IEE II Bioenergy Projects’ Intervention Logic
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
7
EU Bioenergy Policy Background
1.2.1 Renewable Energy policy
Bioenergy is part of renewable energy (RE) policy at the EU level. Development of RE has the following EU policy objectives:
Reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels
Increase energy security
Make energy production more sustainable
Drive technical innovation and employment opportunities across Europe
Until 2008, the development of renewable energy was driven by the Renewable Electricity Directive and the Biofuels Directive8, which set national indicative targets. These Directives did not include heat and cooling, and the targets were non-binding.
The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) came into force in April 20099 and superseded the previous Directives. The RED set a binding target of 20% final energy consumption in the EU from renewable sources by 2020. Each EU Member State (MS) has its own binding national renewable energy target, and a sub target of at least 10% of transport fuels from renewable sources by 2020. An amendment in 2015 requires MS to set a non-binding sub target for advanced renewable transport fuels production by 202010. In addition the amendment sets a cap of 7% to first generation biofuels
produced from energy crops and addresses the indirect land use change (ILUC) impact for biofuels.
The bioenergy sustainability debate has developed as follows:
Issues related to crops and wood grown specifically for energy purposes requiring land.
o Land use for bioenergy purposes has led to concerns over food security and direct and indirect land use change, (LUC) and (ILUC).
o Energy crop production also requires ecosystem resources and fossil energy use
which may reduce GHG emissions savings for the overall bioenergy production chain.
o GHG emissions and direct land use constraints were addressed from the outset in the RED for liquid biofuels and bio-liquids. Since 2010 there has been a debate about extending sustainability requirements to solid and gaseous bioenergy. This is not currently an EU requirement, but recommendations on appropriate requirements were made in a report by the EC in February 201011 and have been implemented in several countries. In 2014 the EC reviewed solid and gaseous biomass sustainability again12 and concluded that up to 2020 biomass will be mainly from EU sources, and
current sustainability safeguards are adequate. However, sustainability of imported biomass remains a major concern.
o In 2010 the EC investigated the impact of ILUC from biofuels. An impact assessment was published in 201213, in which 4 options for minimising the impact of ILUC on GHG emissions of biofuels was considered. In October 2012 a proposal was put forward to limit ILUC based on limiting the proportion of bio-liquids from food crops
and raising the GHG emissions savings required14. Since 2012 there has been sustained and intense discussion on the ILUC proposals for biofuels and bio-liquids, and also how ILUC may impact on solid and gaseous biomass. In 2015 agreement was reached on an amendment to RED which provided short term solution15, which
8 Directive 2001/77/EC of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources
Directive 2003/30/EC of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels 9 Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources . http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0028 10 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L1513&from=EN 11 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/2014_biomass_state_of_play_.pdf 12 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for electricity, heating and cooling in the EU, (2014)
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/2014_biomass_state_of_play_.pdf 13 Impact Assessment on indirect land use change related to biofuels and bioliquids.
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/swd_2012_0344_ia_resume_en.pdf 14 Proposal for a Directive amending the FQD and RED. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/com_2012_0595_en.pdf 15 Directive 2015/1513 amending the RED and FQD. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L1513&from=EN
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0028http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0028http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L1513&from=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/2014_biomass_state_of_play_.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/2014_biomass_state_of_play_.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/swd_2012_0344_ia_resume_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/com_2012_0595_en.pdf
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
8
was to limit proportion of transport fuels from food crops to 7% and introduce a non-binding sub target of 0.5% for advanced biofuels.
Issues related to the alternative competing markets of agricultural and forestry residues:
o Current emphasis is on utilisation of residues and waste biomass to both maximise
GHG emissions savings and to avoid the land use concerns. However, these resources can have other existing markets. Future policy aims to ensure fair access to resources for all potential markets
The EU is currently considering renewable energy policy after 2020, and published a policy framework for climate and energy in the period 2020 to 2030 in 2014. The focus in the Framework is on a low carbon economy, GHG emissions reductions, and cost effective implementation. RE targets for 2030 are part of the energy and climate goals. No national RE targets are proposed, but
a RE target of 27% of final energy consumption in the EU as a whole by 2030 was agreed by EU heads of state in October 2014. The policy framework also suggests that the RED is substantially revised for the post 2020 period, and that National Plans are streamlined and simplified to one
consolidated plan containing
GHG emissions reductions plans
Amount of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency intended for 2030
National policies to deliver the above.
In the policy framework for 2020 to 2030 it is proposed that food based biofuels should not receive public support after 2020.
1.2.2 Bioenergy contribution and special considerations
There are no specific binding targets for bioenergy, but bioenergy is recognised in MS National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPS)16 as likely to make an important contribution to renewable energy targets and EU policy objectives because:
It is dispatchable, i.e. generation is independent of time of day and weather conditions.
It is flexible and can be used to produce electricity, heat and transport fuels, and is suitable for technologies a range of sizes from domestic to industrial.
Many bioenergy technologies are commercially available today, and In particular liquid biofuels produced with current technology make a significant contribution to renewable transport fuels targets.
It offers opportunities in rural developments for agriculture and forestry and for technology
development in advanced conversion systems.
However, there are also issues that relate specifically to bioenergy. These have been addressed to some extent in current legislation, and future policy aims to address these issues more fully.
1.2.3 Impacts of policy on bioenergy production
The RED requires Member States to report progress towards renewable energy targets every two years. On the basis of these reports from 2011, 2013 and 201517 and the Intermediate Evaluation
of the RED the following general observations can be made relating to bioenergy
Member States foresee a substantial contribution of bioenergy to their RE targets
The bulk of financial support is offered at MS level. Bioenergy is usually eligible for some level of support, although some biomass sources are excluded in some Member States based on sustainability or resource competition concerns. A range of different instruments are used, with the most common being Feed In Tariffs for electricity, Investment grants for heat and tax exemptions/ quota obligations for transport18.
16 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy/national-action-plans 17 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy/progress-reports 18 COM 2011 31 Final. Renewable Energy: Progressing towards the 2020 target. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0031&from=EN
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy/national-action-planshttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0031&from=ENhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0031&from=EN
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
9
Barriers of infrastructure, planning and permitting were identified in 2009. There has been slower than expected removal of key barriers to renewable energy growth. In 2015 market barriers still persisted but progress was observed in this area, with a large number of simplification measures reported by MS in 2015.
Disruptive changes to renewable energy support schemes at national level, including retroactive measures in some Member States, have slowed development.
Policy uncertainty relating to sustainability has also affected development, particularly for biofuels for transport. Although there are no specific sustainability requirements in the RED for solid and gaseous biomass at present, the intense debate created uncertainty.
After a slow start, strong development of RE in heating, with substantial contribution from solid biomass, was reported in 2015.
Biogas use in heating and electricity is increasing, but more effort is required to enable them to meet potential to 2020.
Improvements in co-ordination and co-operation amongst involved authorities was reported in 2015.
Evaluation of RED suggests that RE capacity would probably have increased in some MS without mandatory targets, but that the RED has been a key driver for other MS that were previously
striving less to develop RE.
To achieve 2020 targets more use should be made of co-operation mechanism.
After 2020 the EC intends to develop an improved biomass policy including further consideration of sustainability.
1.2.4 Development of bioenergy policy during IEE II
Table 2 lists the main EU bioenergy policy developments over the period IEE II was active, summarises the Member State actions relating to bioenergy over this period.
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 10
Table 2: Summary of bioenergy policy developments and Member State Actions within the timeframe of IEE II
European Policy Developments Member State (MS) Actions IEE II Developments
2007Until 2008, the development of renewable energy was driven by the Renewable
Electricity Directive and the Biofuels Directive
which did not cover all energy sources and set non-binding national indicative targets.
Intelligent Energy Europe II (IEE
II) programme begins. Bioenergy
projects eligible under a range of
key actions.
2009
Renewable Energy Directive (RED) introduced: sets mandatory target of 20% final
energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020, with 10% sub target for the
transport sector. Sustainability requirements for biofuels and bioliquids included.
2010
EC introduces non-binding recommendations for increased efficiency in renewable
energy production and the sustainable use of solid and gaseous biomass.
MS submit National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPS) to show how they will
meet 2020 national renewable energy targets. IEE II introduces a specific key
action on bioenergy
2011
MS report they foresee a substantial contribution to RE targets from bioenergy. MS
introduce a range of instruments for support of renewable energy.
2012
EC places additional emphasis on sustainability of biofuels feedstocks, and explores
how minimising indirect land use change could be included in legislation. Capping use
of food crops in biofuels and introducing a sub target for advanced biofuels is
proposed.
2013
EC reviews MS progress reports and finds that progress towards RE targets impeded by
continuing key barriers in planning/ permitting and disruptive changes in support schemes.
More effort is required to increase deployment in heating sector and advanced biofuels.
Sustainability concerns affect investment decisions.
IEE II programme closes
2014
EC publishes policy framework for climate and energy for 2020 to 2030. EU heads of
state agreeto the proposed 27% renewable energy target for 2030. Policy proposes
food based biofuels should not receive support after 2020. EC also publishes a review
of biomass sustainability, which concludes that sustainability safeguards are
adequate up to 2020, but that an improved biomass policy will be prpared for the
post 2020 period, which will include sustainability considerations.
EC reports that about half MS have adopted regulations to promote higher efficiency of
bioenergy production. 5 MS have adopted sustainability measures for solid and gaseous
biomass.
2015
RED amendment sets limit of 7% on food crops used for biofuels and introduces non-
binding target of 0.5% for advanced biofuels
EC reviews MS progress reports and finds that there has been strong development in
biomass heating. Biogas use is also increasing but more effort is required to meet 2020
potential. Biofuels progress has been hampered by uncertainty in ILUC policy and
insufficient progress with advanced biofuels. Improvements in planning/ permitting
procedures and co-ordination and co-operation amongst relevant authorities noted . A
number of MS have introduced legislation aimed at addressing potential competition with
exising biomass uses by excluding some biomass feedstocks from subsidy schemes.
Review of impact of IEE II
bioenergy projects. Impacts
influenced by IEE II shown in
bold.
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 11
2. IEE II BIOENERGY PROJECTS: AN OVERVIEW
The bioenergy projects funded by IEE II programme were aimed at supporting initiatives that addressed non-technological barriers by triggering and accompanying the implementation of local supply chains of the most sustainable solid biomass, biogas & biomethane and liquid biofuels resources. They also aimed to support the implementation of strategic actions to support policy development and implementation, contributing towards the 2020 targets and setting strategies in the bioenergy field beyond 2020. The bioenergy projects funded by the programme are summarised in Sections 2.1 – 2.4
Solid Biomass IEE II projects
Table 3 Summary of projects supported under IEE II
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
#
Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
AFO Activating private forest
owners to increase forest fuel supply.
VTT, Finland
www.afo.eu.com
The aim of the project was to activate forest owners and to increase wood fuel supply and use at regional and local levels. Activation was through
workshops, study tours and face-to-face meetings. Wood fuel supply clusters were established in
target regions 4 countries. The experience from Austria and Finland was transferred to these countries.
2009-12
9 FR, LV, SK, UK
1.4
AGRIFORENERGY II Promoting and securing the production of biomass from
forestry and agriculture without harming the food
production.
Lk-stmk,
Austria
www.agrifor
energy.com
The aim of the project was to promote and secure the production of bioenergy through workshops, study tours and one-to-one meetings between stakeholders from the supply and demand sides of
bioenergy. The project aimed to operate in the
following specific areas: biomass heating; pure vegetable oil use; and biogas and biomethane.
2009-
12 8
AT, SK, IT, BG,
FI, DE, SE
1.5
http://www.afo.eu.com/http://www.afo.eu.com/http://www.agriforenergy.com/http://www.agriforenergy.com/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 12
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
BASIS Biomass Availability and
Sustainability Information
System.
AEBIOM,
EU
www.basisbi
oenergy.eu
The aim of the project was to interact with bioenergy project developers and investors, providing them with a comprehensive view on the sustainable supply and competition for wood chips
for woodchip boilers, using intuitive maps of NUTS2
regions of all EU-27 Member States. The final product was a GIS mapping exercise that allows assessment of regional biomass potential, feedstock competition and integration of sustainability criteria for wood chip supply.
2013-
16 10 All 1.0
Bioenergy farm Implementation plan for
BioEnergy Farm.
CCS, The
Netherlands
www.bioenergyfarm.eu
The aim of the project was to disseminate well-structured and unbiased information about the feasibility of bio energy and biofuels in agricultural environment. It aimed to increase the production and use of bioenergy by farmers (biogas, bioheat, energy crops), supporting them in determining the
profitability and feasibility of different bioenergy
options.
2010-13
11
BE, DE,
ES, IT, PL, NL
1.2
BioEUParks
Exploiting the potentialities of solid biomasses in EU
Parks.
LEGAMBIENTE, Italia
www.bioeuparks.eu
The aim of the project was to create new biomass supply chains from sustainably managed forests and from agricultural residues in national parks in Austria, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania and
Slovenia. The mobilised biomass was to be used in heating and CHP plants. The project was particularly focused on starting up local biomass supply chains in Nature Parks in EU countries, promoting short chains and small-scale
installations. A methodology was developed involving discussions, sharing and co-planning
between the key actors in order to overcome possible social conflicts.
2013-16
10 AT, EL, HU, IT,
SK 1.3
http://www.basisbioenergy.eu/http://www.basisbioenergy.eu/http://www.bioenergyfarm.eu/http://www.bioenergyfarm.eu/http://www.bioeuparks.eu/http://www.bioeuparks.eu/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 13
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
Bio-HEAT Promotion of Short Rotation Coppice for District Heating Systems in Eastern Europe
BIOAZUL, Spain
www.bio-heat.eu
The aim of the project was to promote the use of Short Rotation Coppice (SRCs) as a source of
energy for District Heating (DH) in Eastern European countries in order to set up regional SRC
to DH chains.
2010-12
9
CZ, DE, LI, PL,
RO, SK, SV, ES
0.8
BiomassTradeCentre II
Development of Biomass Trade and Logistics Centres for Sustainable Mobilisation
of Local Wood Biomass Resources.
SFI, Slovenia
www.biomasstradecentre
2.eu
The aim of the project was to trigger investments
in new bioenergy business, new biomass trade and logistic centres and promote new bioenergy supply contracts by bringing together interested key actors in workshops, one-to-one meetings, study visits and open days. Creation of a network of biomass quality laboratories and promoting the implementation of CEN quality standards.
Demonstration of modern technologies for wood
biomass production chains to forest owners, farmers, forest entrepreneurs and SMEs in rural areas.
2011-14
11
AT, HR,
DE, EL, IE, IT,
RO, SV, SP
1.6
Cross Border Bioenergy (CBB)
Cross-border markets for the European bioenergy industry
AEBIOM, EU
www.crossborderbioenerg
y.eu
The aim of the project was to help SMEs to evaluate bioenergy markets in Europe with a view to develop cross-border investments. The project aimed to help SMEs to evaluate bioenergy market (biogas,
small scale heating, district heating, CHP and biofuels for transport) attractiveness relevant to cross-border investments and support to B2B activities. The European Biomass Association and
nine bioenergy trade associations located in Austria, Denmark Germany, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and Slovakia were involved.
2010-13
12
AT, DE,
DK, FI, HU, IT, LV, SE,
SK
0.9
EPIC 2020 Symbiotic bio-Energy Port Integration with Cities by
2020.
City of
Malmö, Sweden
www.epic2020.eu
The aim of the project was to build capacity and know-how to promote the most efficient use of
available bioenergy resources within ports and port regions. It promoted the establishment of symbiotic relationships between industries located
2013-16
10 SE, IT, DE, EL
1.9
http://www.bio-heat.eu/http://www.bio-heat.eu/http://www.biomasstradecentre2.eu/http://www.biomasstradecentre2.eu/http://www.biomasstradecentre2.eu/http://www.crossborderbioenergy.eu/http://www.crossborderbioenergy.eu/http://www.crossborderbioenergy.eu/http://www.epic2020.eu/http://www.epic2020.eu/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 14
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
close to port areas for the use of wastes for the production of bioenergy in four ports in the EU.
EUBIONET III Solutions for biomass fuel market barriers and raw
material availability.
VTT, Finland
www.eubionet.net
The aim of the project was to increase the use of biomass fuels in the EU by finding ways to overcome the market barriers. It aimed to boost
sustainable and transparent international biomass fuel trade by analysing price mechanisms, proposing CN codes for biomass fuels and identifying, evaluating and implementing
sustainability criteria and certification for biomass fuels (solid, liquid and gaseous) in cooperation with market actors. It assessed the most cost efficient and value-adding use of biomass for energy and industry and identified unexploited biomass fuels from industry and agriculture. It provided an overview of heating/cooling sector and
opportunities for biomass based systems.
2008-11
19 All 1.8
FOREST FOsteRing Efficient long term
Supply parTnerships
University of
Exeter, UK
www.forestprogramme.c
om
The aim of the project was to promote and support the development of integrated supply chains in the biomass heating sector. It did this by working directly with businesses in the biomass supply
chain, from farmers and foresters to architects and designers, to develop and consolidate long-term supply partnerships to increase end-user confidence and so encourage greater investments in renewable biomass heat. The project supported businesses through the creation of a best practice
toolkit focused on supply chain business models
and contracts, the organisation of B2B networking events and the development of direct capacity building to pilot new supply chain models and partnerships.
2010-
12 10
AT, IE, IT, PL,
ES, SE, UK
1.3
http://www.eubionet.net/http://www.eubionet.net/http://www.forestprogramme.com/http://www.forestprogramme.com/http://www.forestprogramme.com/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 15
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
MixBioPellets Market Implementation of
Extraordinary Biomass Pellets.
DBFZ, Germany
www.mixbiopells.eu
The aim of the project was to promote the
production & use of alternative pellets (from agriculture residues, excluding wood) and develop a concept for a standardised labelling system for Europe.
2010-12
7
AT,
Denmark, FI,
DE, IT, ES, SE
1.0
PellCert
European Pellet Quality Certification.
AEBIOM, EU
www.pellcert.eu
The aim of the project was to develop and implement an EU certification system for pellets (ENPlus) and develop procedures to certify the sustainability of pellet production and trade.
National bioenergy and pellet associations from ten countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden) and a representative of the power sector (Belgium) participated.
2011-14
12
AT, BE, FI, DE,
FR, HU, IT, PT, ES, SE
0.9
Promobio Promotion of regional
bioenergy initiatives.
Metla, Finland
www.promobio.eu
The aim of the project was to provide support to
the regional bioenergy initiatives and to facilitate new bioenergy business projects in Eastern European countries (Poland, Romania and Slovakia) where potentials in particular of forest and agricultural biomass have been utilised insufficiently as renewable energy sources. Best
bioenergy practices and successful business models from the partner countries Finland and Austria were tested and transferred to the target regions.
2011-14
8 PL. RO,
SV 0.9
SolidStandards
Enhancing the
Implementation of Quality and Sustainability Standards and Certification Schemes
for Solid Biofuels.
WIP, Germany
www.solidstandards.eu
The aim of the project was to support the implementation of EU standards for solid biofuels
by delivering training, by implementing the standards in selected companies (in Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Finland and Poland) and by collecting feedback on biomass standards from the stakeholders.
2011-14
11
AT, BG, HR, DK, DE, FI,
PO
1.4
http://www.mixbiopells.eu/http://www.mixbiopells.eu/http://www.pellcert.eu/http://www.pellcert.eu/http://www.promobio.eu/http://www.promobio.eu/http://www.solidstandards.eu/http://www.solidstandards.eu/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 16
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project Partner
s
Countries
Total Budget (€m)
SRC-Plus Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRC) plantations for local
supply chains and heat use.
WIP,
Germany
www.srcplus
.eu
The aim of the project is to support and accelerate the development of local supply chains of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRC) by implementing various capacity building measures and regional
mobilisation actions for the key actors in local
supply chains. Sweden will transfer its best practice, know-how and experience to the target regions.
2014-17
On-
going
10
HY, CZ, FR, DE,
EL, LV,
MK
1.4
SUCELLOG Triggering the Creation of
Biomass Logistic Centres by the Agro-Food Sector.
CIRCE, Spain
www.sucellog.eu
The aim of the project is to increase the
participation of the agrarian sector in the sustainable supply of solid biofuels in Europe. The project action focuses on the implementation of biomass logistic centres in the agro-industry, using the large synergy existing between the agro-food economy and the bio-economy.
2014-17
On-going
7 AT, FR, DE, IT,
ES
Unknown
Whs Woodheat Solutions
Forestry Commissi
on, UK
www.woodheatsolutions.
eu
The aim of the project was to mobilise wood
biomass potential for heat generation from private unmanaged/under-managed forests and from agricultural land by increasing cooperation among farmers and forest owners, promoting new quality assurance standards for solid biofuels. Transfer of
knowledge to target countries from Finland and Austria.
2008-11
6 SV, HY,
UK 1.0
http://www.srcplus.eu/http://www.srcplus.eu/http://www.sucellog.eu/http://www.sucellog.eu/http://www.woodheatsolutions.eu/http://www.woodheatsolutions.eu/http://www.woodheatsolutions.eu/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 17
Biogas & Biomethane IEE II projects
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
#
Project Partners
Countries
Total
Budget (€m)
BioEnergy Farm II Manure, the sustainable
fuel for the farm.
CCS, The
Netherlan
ds
www.bioenergyfarm.eu
BioEnergy Farm II is based on the previous experience and lessons learnt from the original
BioEnergy Farm. The project focuses on micro-scale biogas installations that mainly use own
manure and feed leftovers of the farm. This can increase the amount of sustainable energy produced on farms, by assisting farmers to assess the feasibility of business plans. The project proposal estimated that it should result in an
increase of 60 MW of biogas capacity installed
2014-17
On-going
13
BE, DK,
FR, DE, IT, NL,
PO
1.9
Biogas Heat Development of sustainable
heat markets for biogas plants in Europe.
Ekodoma, Latvia
www.biogasheat.org
The aim of the project was the creation of a handbook on ‘Sustainable Heat use from Biogas Plants’, running 90 pre-feasibility studies on strategies and business models for the utilisation of heat from biogas plants as well as formulating
policy recommendations.
2012-15
10
AT, BE, HY, CZ, DK, DE,
IT, PO,
RO
1.4
BIOGAS3 Sustainable Small-scale
biogas production from agro-food waste for energy
Self-sufficiency.
Ainia, Spain
www.biogasheat.org
The aim of the project was to promote the
sustainable production of renewable energy from biogas obtained from agricultural residues and food and beverage industry wastes in small-scale projects for energy self-sufficiency.
2014-16
10
FR, DE, IE, IT, PO, ES,
SW
1.4
BiogasIN Sustainable biogas market development in Central and
Eastern Europe.
EIHP, Croatia
www.biogasin.org
The aim of the project was to create a sustainable
biogas market in Central and Easter Europe (CEE) by addressing market barriers, specifically building capacity in the public sector and to create awareness of the technology. The project undertook training of biogas market actors, improvement of permit procedures and facilitation
of access to finance for new biogas plants based on the experience of German partners.
2010-12
10
HY, BG,
CZ, EL, LV, RO,
SV
1.5
http://www.bioenergyfarm.eu/http://www.bioenergyfarm.eu/http://www.biogasheat.org/http://www.biogasheat.org/http://www.biogasheat.org/http://www.biogasheat.org/http://www.biogasin.org/http://www.biogasin.org/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 18
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project
Partners
Countries
Total Budget
(€m)
Biomaster Biomethane as an
Alternative Source for Transport and Energy
Renaissance.
ISIS, Italy www.biomast
er-project.eu
The aim of the project was to promote the use of biomethane as transport fuel in four European regions by a consortium covering the entire supply
chain (waste-to-wheel). The project aimed to stimulate investments and remove non-technological barriers, through the creation or
revitalisation of biomethane networks; promotion of investments in biogas plants, grid injection points and filling stations; production of adapted recommendations for policy makers; analysis of
the engine and storage possibilities, etc.
2011-
14 17
IT, PO,
SW, UK 2.4
Biomethane regions Promotion of BioMethane
and its Market Development through Local and Regional
Partnerships
Severn
Wye Energy Agency
Limited, UK
www.bio-methaneregio
ns.eu/
The aim of the project was to focus on the increased production of biogas and its efficient conversion to usable energy. The project focused on achieving this through the development of new digesters; the optimisation of existing digesters to produce more biogas; switching of gas utilisation
from electricity generation to biomethane production; and increased utilisation of heat from combined heat and power units.
2011-14
15
AT, BE,
DE, IT, SE, FR, HR, SK,
UK, DK, HU
1.6
FABbiogas Biogas production from
organic waste in the European Food and
Beverage industry.
TUV,
Austria
www.fabbiog
as.eu
The aim of the project was to trigger the implementation of biogas units in food and beverage industry or supply contracts between the
food and beverage industry and biogas plants for the use of food waste as renewable energy resource.
2013-
15 9
AT, CZ, FR, DE, IT, PO
1.1
Farmagas
Biogas Production from Agricultural Wastes in
European Farms.
TTZ, Germany
www.farmagas.eu
The aim of the project was to train farmers in high biogas potential areas, based on the materials prepared in the FP7 project AGROBIOGAS, which
developed useful materials and information for farmers about the potential of their agricultural wastes and different crops to produce biogas. The project achieved widespread dissemination of knowledge, tools and guidelines; exchange of
2009-11
5 HU, PO,
RO 0.6
http://www.biomaster-project.eu/http://www.biomaster-project.eu/http://www.bio-methaneregions.eu/http://www.bio-methaneregions.eu/http://www.bio-methaneregions.eu/http://www.fabbiogas.eu/http://www.fabbiogas.eu/http://www.farmagas.eu/http://www.farmagas.eu/
-
Review of bioenergy projects implemented under IEE II
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) EASME/H2020/EE/2014/008
EUR 2016.6932 EN 19
Acronym Led by Project website
Brief description of main purpose Duratio
n
# Project
Partners
Countries
Total Budget
(€m)
information on