review hint game. patriarchal men as hunters men as traders and warriors men as head of family...
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ReviewHint game
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Patriarchal
• Men as hunters• Men as traders and warriors• Men as head of family• Societal Structure
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River Valleys
• Yellow• Indus• Nile• Where we find the earliest agricultural
societies
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Mesopotamia
• Sumer• Babylonians• In present day Iraq• “between the rivers”
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Pastoralism
• Fertile crescent goats• Typically nomadic• Horse peoples on the Asian steppe
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City-state
• Sumer• Sparta• Maya• Political structure: independent cities that
had their own legal and social structure
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Bronze Age
• Minoans• Hittites• Shang• Ancient Egypt• Age that predated the Iron Age
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Hammurabi
• Ancient King of the Amorites (Babylonian Empire)
• Law codes based on class
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Phoenicians
• Carthage• Sea People• Alphabet
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Nubians
• Connected Egypt to interior of Africa• Ruled Egypt in 9th C… the “Black
Pharaohs of Egypt”• Lived south of Egypt and had key cities
such as Meroe• People of the bow
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Minoans
• Inhabited the Aegean• Bronze Age civ• Flush toilets• Probably ruled over the Mycenaean's from
their capitol of Knossos on Crete
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Diffusion
• Spread of ideas• Spread of diseases• Spread of… well, everything• Ex: Bantu language and culture spread
from W. Africa to all reaches of sub-Saharan Africa
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Iron Age
• Assyrians• First to initiate were the Hittites• An age that first started with the
Mycenaens • Democratized metallurgy… but an age
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Alexander the Great
• Macedonian• Father was Phillip II• Educated by Aristotle• Conquered Persia, but died and opened the
door for the Maurya Empire (Chandragupta Maurya may have met him)
• Hellenized Persia• Started the Greek Hellenistic Age
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Hellenism
• Greek colonization of Persia and the Mediterranean
• Ex: Rome adopts Greek mythology• Ex: Greek influences in the Middle East• “Like Greece”
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Classical Empires
• Before 600BCE• Empires with strong militaries and
centralized governments• All pressured and defeated bypeoples
from the Asian Steppe• Han, Rome, Maurya and Gupta
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Rome
• Kingdom, Republic, Empire• Italy• City-state that grows to conquer most of
Western Europe and the Mediterranean• Split in two• Defeated by barbarians
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Punic Wars
• Rome vs Phoenicians…• Phoenician Carthage, that is• 2nd one found Romans running from
Hannibal and his elephants• Third war Rome devastated Carthage
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Augustus
• Adopted heir of Julius Caesar• Octavian• First emperor of Rome• More stringent laws and focus on family
values (Pater-familias)• Ushers in the Pax Romana
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Pax Romana
• Ushered in by Augustus• Roman Peace• Empire had expanded enough to create
buffer states that provided security for citizens and merchants
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Athens
• Greek city-state• Socrates, Plato, Aristotle• Early democracy• Defeated the Persians at Marathon• Eventually Persians burn this city to the
ground… but then rebuild it.
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Marathon
• Persian vs. Greek• Athenian victory• Angers Persia• Darius, then Xerxes forms a Massive army
in an attempt to defeat the Greeks
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Maurya Empire
• Founder may have met Alexander• Power Vacuum left by Alexander may
have led to the rise of this empire
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Celts
• First peoples to settle Europe• Settled a land called Gual• Eventually will make their way North to
Ireland
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Dynastic Cycle
• Continuation of norms in China• From Shang to Zhou to Qin to Han to Sui
to Tang to Song…• Probably the main reason that the fall of
Western Europe was so much worse on the region than the fall of the Han in China
• Round and round she goes…
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Zhou
• Dynasty constantly at war• Spring and Autumn period (don’t be
fooled, kingdoms were warring)• Warring States period (kingdoms banded
together to form states and kept on fighting)
• Confucius, Laozi, and Legalism, Oh my!
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Qin
• United China (of course it all falls apart a few more times)
• Shi Huangdi (self-proclaimed first emperor of China)
• Dynasty that followed Zhou
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Han
• Strong centralized government• Bureaucrats placed in high positions• Strong military to defend their northern
frontiers• Founded by Liu Bang• Dynasty that followed the Qin• Pressure from Xiongnu (called Huns by
some) led to their downfall
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Vedic Age
• Indo-Europeans made their way into northern India and started this period
• Time of the Vedas (Rig Veda)• Sanskrit developed from combining Aryan
and Dravidian languages• Beginning of Hinduism and birth of the
Caste system
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Caste System
• India• Reinforced by Hinduism… especially
reincarnation• Rejected by Buddhism• Class system
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Constantinople
• Earlier known as Byzantium• City on the Bosporus• First Roman Christian City• Justinian had the Hagia Sophia (Church of
Holy Wisdom)• Taken by the Ottomans and renamed
Istanbul• Founded by Constantine
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Diaspora
• Jews forced to leave (Northern Kingdom, Israel, destroyed by Assyrians in 722BCE, Southern Kingdom, Judah, destroyed by Babylonians in 586BCE).
• Merchants travel abroad to make their fortunes in the Indian Ocean
• Africans brought to the New World and to areas of the Middle East
• Means dispersion
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Gupta
• Classical Empire• India• Theater State• Defeated by White Huns
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The Huns
• From the Asian Steppe• Pastoral nomads• Pushed German tribes into Europe• Attila
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Germanization
• During and after the fall of Rome• People groups entering Europe at the end
of the Classical Age• Changed the culture and structure of
Europe: from Latin to German
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Olmec
• Americas (Mesoamerica)• Mother Culture• Big Heads• Were-jaguars and sacrifices
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Dao
• Belief system in China• The Way• Harmony between humanity and nature• Founded by Laozi
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Apostle Paul• Roman Citizen• Spread Christianity• Successfully set up churches in
cosmopolitan Rome
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Legalism
• Another response to the constant fighting during the Zhou
• Ideas embraced by the Qin• Men need strict laws and strict leaders to
function well in society
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Judaism
• Belief system with origin in the Middle East• Dualism• Covenant between Hebrew people and
God• Abraham is the patriarch
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Confucianism
• China• Response to Warring States Period• Social Harmony• Created strict social hierarchy• Examination system was based on these
ideals
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Hinduism
• India• Polytheism• Aryan origins• Based on a mix of Aryan and Dravidian
beliefs along with the Vedas• Spread through India, into Sri Lanka and
to S.E. Asia
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Buddhism
• Indian Origin• Response to Caste System and
reincarnation• Rejected by India• Spread along the silk routes to SE Asia
and E. Asia• Rejected by the Tang Dynasty• Founder: Siddhartha Gautama
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Christianity
• Middle Eastern Origin• During the Roman Empire• Paul and others spread this belief system
through the Eastern Mediterranean• Branches: Roman Catholicism, Eastern
Orthodox and later Protestantism