Review For Unit 1 Test

America at WarMr. Janeway

Test Will Include:

•Why Countries Fight

•Capitalism and Mercantilism

•War Powers in the Constitution

•Washington’s Farewell Address

•Mexican American War

•Spanish American War

Format

•Short Answers

•Vocabulary (matching)

The Political Spectrum

• Radicals - Want big change. Not content with things the way they are.

• Liberals - See a positive role for government. OK with government programs that help people. OK with higher taxes to pay for government services.

• Moderates - In the middle on most issues.

• Conservatives - Prefer smaller government, lower taxes. Less government involvement in economy and everyday life.

• Reactionaries - Want to go back to the good old days. see much smaller role of government. Against many of the social and economic changes of past 75 years (social programs, civil rights...).

Why Countries Fight

•Noble Cause - Protecting freedom and democracy. Helping oppressed people.

•Military Threat - Protecting the U.S. and our friends from attack or invasion.

•Economic Threat - Protecting our economy. Gaining valuable resources or securing freedom of the seas.

Mercantilism

• Based on the idea that countries competed for resources.

• Job of government was to increase the wealth of the country.

• Resources important to mercantilists were gold, silver, and land.

• Only way a country could get wealthier was by going to war and taking land by force.

Capitalism• Based on the idea that private

individuals should own businesses and property.

• Production and prices determined by law of supply and demand.

• Believe in concept of “laissez faire” - the idea that the government should not interfere with economics.

• Those opposed think this system encourages business owners to exploit workers and consumers.

George Washington’s Farewell Address

•Published in written form on September 26, 1796.

•Warned against permanent foreign alliances

•Warned against foreign entanglements

•Warned about accumulation of debt

•Warned of an over-powerful military establishment.

Manifest Destiny•Idea that America had a special destiny

to stretch across the continent, which motivated many people to migrate West.

•Led expansionists to demand that the U.S. should own the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

•Used to justify Indian removal, war with Mexico, and American expansion into Cuba.

The Mexican War1846-1848

• Underlying cause was the movement of American pioneers into lands claimed by Mexico.

• Immediate reason for conflict was the U.S. annexation of Texas in 1845.

• First American war fought almost entirely outside of the U.S.

• First American war to be reported, while it happened, by daily newspapers.

•Controversial in U.S. due to anti-slavery concerns as well as heavy casualties and high cost.

•Fighting lasted for 2 years.

•Result: For $18 million, the U.S. added a half a million square miles of territory including Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California.

•Led to U.S. becoming a major world power.

•Cuba had been under Spanish rule.

•Growing U.S. concern over Spanish rule (and atrocities) and Cuban revolts.

•Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor

•Role of Yellow Journalism

Spanish American War 1898

• War fought for 10 weeks. Fought in both Caribbean and Pacific.

• Series of American naval and military victories.

• Result: Spain relinquishes sovereignty over Cuba, cedes the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States for the sum of $20 million.

• Led to rancorous new debate over the wisdom of expansionism.

• Established U.S. as world power.

Link for Quizlet:http://quizlet.com/6195182/america-at-war-unit-one-flash-cards/