review for semester 1 final exam 01/26/2015. subatomic particles ions & isotopes ionic compounds...
TRANSCRIPT
CATALYST
• Review for semester 1 final exam
OBJECTIVES
DATE: 01/26/2015
Subatomic particles
Ions & Isotopes
Ionic Compounds
Periodic Trends
Miscellaneous
100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500
Jeopardy Trash Ball
Subatomic Particles : 100
Where are neutrons located?
Back
Answer: In the nucleus
Back
Which subatomic particle(s) make up most
of an atom’s mass?Answer: Protons and Neutrons
Subatomic Particles : 200
Back
Subatomic Particles : 300
What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
discover about atoms?Answer: Atoms are mostly made
up of empty space.
Back
Why can’t we measure the exact radius of an
atom?Answer: The electron cloud does
not have a defined edge.
Subatomic Particles : 400
Back
How did scientists discover the existence of electrons?
Answer: Cathode Ray Tube – the stream of particles (electrons) were
attracted to the positive plate.
Subatomic Particles : 500
Back
Ions & Isotopes : 100
Why is the average atomic mass
not a whole number ?Answer: It is a WEIGHTED average
of all the isotopes of that element
Back
Explain the octet rule.
Answer: The octet rule states that atoms will gain, lose, or share
electrons in order to get 8 valence electrons.
Ions & Isotopes : 200
Back
What type of ions do alkaline earth metals and halogens tend to make?
Answer: Alkaline earth metals = cations, Halogens = anions
Ions & Isotopes : 300
Back
Why is Cl1- more stable than neutral Cl.
Answer: Cl1- has 8 valence electrons while Cl only has 7. The
octet configuration is the more stable form.
Ions & Isotopes : 400
Answer: Carbon-12 is the most stable because it is the closest to the weighted atomic mass so it is the most abundant.
The more abundant an isotope is, the more stable it is. Back
Which is the most stable carbon isotope: carbon-10, carbon-12,
carbon-14? Why?
Ions & Isotopes : 500
Back
Define ionic bond.Answer: Ionic Bond is when atoms transfer electrons to form ions. The
ions are attracted to each other creating an ionic bond.
Ionic Compounds : 100
Back
What is the correct formula for the compound made of
potassium and chloride ions?
Answer: KCl
Ionic Compounds : 200
Back
What is the correct name for this formula: Pb(NO3)2?
Answer: Lead (II) Nitrate
Ionic Compounds : 300
Back
Which two ions come together to make iron (II)
sulfide?
Answer: Fe2+ and S2-
Ionic Compounds : 400
Back
Why is Iron Phosphate an incorrect name?
Answer: Because iron is a transition element and can have more than 1 possible charge so
roman numerals and needed to tell which ion is in the compound.
Ionic Compounds : 500
Back
Define periodic trend.
Answer: Periodic trend is a pattern in the periodic table.
Periodic Trends : 100
Back
How does atomic radius change in each period?
Answer: As you move left to right in each period, the atomic radius
decreases.
Periodic Trends : 200
Back
What happens to atomic radius down a group? Why?
Answer: Atomic radius increases because there are greater energy levels and electron
shielding decreases coulombic attraction so the electron cloud can get bigger.
Periodic Trends : 300
Back
The ionization energy of oxygen, selenium, and tellurium are 192 MJ, 98 MJ, and 44 MJ. What is the estimated
ionization energy for sulfur?
Answer: Somewhere between 192 MJ and 98 MJ.
Periodic Trends : 400
Where on the periodic table do we find the most electronegative
elements? Why?Answer: Upper right because those elements have
the smallest radii, so they have the strongest coulombic attraction. They are need electrons to
reach the octet rule so they attract other electrons the most.
Back
Periodic Trends : 500
Back
20,000 mm = _____m ?
Answer: 20 meters
Miscellaneous : 100
Back
Convert to scientific notation: 34,000
Answer: 3.4 x
Miscellaneous : 200
Back
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Answer: Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
Miscellaneous : 300
Answer: Controlled variables are variables that do not change throughout the
experiment. They are important because if they change, they may affect the dependent
variable.Back
What are controlled variables and why are they
important?
Miscellaneous : 400
Answer: PES tells us that electrons are in suborbitals which are similar in energy so they are part of the same principal energy
level. Back
What does Photoelectron
Spectroscopy tell us about
the structure of the atom?
Miscellaneous : 500