Review for Quiz 2Review for Quiz 2

Outline of Part 2• Properties of Stars

Distances, luminosities, spectral types, temperatures, sizes Binary stars, methods of estimating mass, stellar masses

• The HR Diagram Spectral type, absolute magnitude, using the HR diagram

• Stellar Evolution (Low Mass and High Mass stars) Hydrostatic equilibrium, sources of energy, energy transport Evolution in the HR diagram

• Stellar Endpoints Planetary nebulae white dwarfs, supernovae, neutron stars Black holes

• Binary Star Evolution Mass transfer and accretion; novae

• Protostars and Star Formation

The H-R Diagram

Stellar Evolution

• Main Sequence (core H fusion)

Stellar Evolution

• Main Sequence (core H fusion)

• Red Giant (core contraction, Hydrogen shell burning)

Stellar Evolution

• Main Sequence (core H fusion)

• Red Giant (core contraction, Hydrogen shell burning)

• Core Helium burning

Stellar Evolution

• Main Sequence (core H fusion)

• Red Giant (core contraction, Hydrogen shell burning)

• Core Helium burning

• 2nd Giant Branch (core contraction, H, He shell burning)

Mass Loss Occurs HereMass Loss Occurs Here

Stellar Evolution

• Main Sequence (core H fusion)

• Red Giant (core contraction, Hydrogen shell burning)

• Core Helium burning

• 2nd Giant Branch (core contraction, H, He shell burning)

Mass Loss Occurs HereMass Loss Occurs Here

If Core is Less Than 1.4 M

• Planetary Nebula (ionization of mass lost by star)

• White Dwarf (inert C/O core)

Planetary Nebulae

Stellar Evolution

• Series of core burning and core contractions Carbon to Magnesium, etc.

If Core is Greater Than 1.4 M

Magnesium, etc., to Silicon, etc. Silicon, etc. to iron

• SUPERNOVA

Supernova Remnants

Elemental Synthesis

In the supernova explosion, all the elements are made, and are ejected into space

Stellar Endpoints

• If Remnant Core is less than 3 M

Remnant is a Neutron Star If Magnetic Pole Points at Earth

Remnant is a Pulsar

Stellar Endpoints

• If Remnant Core is less than 3 M

Remnant is a Neutron Star If Magnetic Pole Points at Earth

Remnant is a Pulsar

• If Remnant Core is greater than 3 M

Remnant is a Black Hole

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The HR Diagram