review exam #4 expenses, vehicle information, and fluids

ReviewExam #4

Expenses, Vehicle Information, and Fluids

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

2Chapter 3

Expenses include…

• Loan Payments• Insurance• Fuel Expenses• Annual License and

Registration• Routine

Maintenance• Unexpected Repairs


3Chapter 3

Insurance

• Deductible– The amount you pay

before the insurance applies.

– You can decrease your insurance costs if you increase your deductible.

– Only applies to collision and comprehensive (not Liability)


4Chapter 3

Insurance

• Liability Insurance– The minimum policy commonly required.– Covers claims to others that you cause.


5Chapter 3

Insurance

• Collision and Comprehensive– Covers the cost to

repair your vehicle if you were at fault.

– Collision – auto accidents.

– Comprehensive – natural disasters, vandalism, theft, fire, animal collisions.


6Chapter 3

Fuel Expenses

• Fuel economy varies greatly depending on the vehicle and it impacts your monthly costs.


7Chapter 3

License and Registration

• Sales tax• Title fees• License plate tags• Pay at DMV (Dept of

Motor Vehicle)


8Chapter 8

Common Fluid Locations


9Chapter 8

Windshield Washer Fluid

• Commonly blue.• Do not use engine

antifreeze.


10Chapter 8

Engine Oil

• Common multigrades are 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30.

• Synthetic and semi-synthetic blends are also available. Synthetic and conventional are compatible


11Chapter 8

Engine Oil• To get an accurate reading, check when the engine is

cold.


12Chapter 8

Engine Oil

• Check the oil cap and owner’s manual for engine oil information.


13Chapter 8

Transmission Fluid

• Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is pinkish-red. • Always use the ATF that is recommended by the

manufacturer.


14Chapter 8

Transmission Fluid

• Follow checking procedure in owner’s manual.

• Some transmissions don’t have dipsticks.


15Chapter 8

Transmission Fluid• Manual transmissions

commonly take ATF, heavyweight/high-viscosity gear oil, synchromesh, or motor oil.

• Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) may have a dipstick or check plugs.


16Chapter 8

Coolant

• Coolant - two main types– Standard (green).– Extended life (various

colors).– Mix 50% water/50%

antifreeze.– Use distilled water.


17Chapter 8

Coolant

• Check the level at the coolant recovery tank first.

• Let engine cool.• Never open a hot

radiator cap.


18Chapter 8

Brake Fluids

• Most common DOT 3 (but DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1 are available).

• Check cap or owner’s manual for the correct type.


19Chapter 8

Clutch Fluid (manual transmissions only)

• Commonly DOT 3 brake fluid, but always check the owner’s manual.


20Chapter 8

Differential Fluid

• This fluid check is on RWD and 4WD vehicles.

• 4WD trucks will have front and rear differential check plugs.

• Gear oil. Thicker than motor oil.


21Chapter 8

Power Steering Fluid

• Use the type that is recommended in your owner’s manual. Usually clear in color.

• Electric Power Steering systems do not have fluid.

Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

www.AutoUpkeep.com22

Purpose of Engine Oil

• Lubricates• Cools• Cleans• Seals• Cushions



Understanding Oil Ratings

• Society of Automotive Engineers – SAE rates oil viscosity (e.g., 5W-20).

• Viscosity – thickness• 5W is at 0 F• 20 is at 212 F



Understanding Oil Ratings

• American Petroleum Institute – API rates engine oil service (e.g., SN).

• Energy Conserving – increased additives to lower friction.



Synthetic OilsSynthetic oil is totally compatible with conventional oil



Oil Filters

• Oil circulates through the engine and is cleaned by an oil filter. Bypass function if clogged.



Changing the Oil and Filter

1. Visual on Grounda. Color, smell, texture (feel), taste

2. Visual on Cara. Gravityb. Check fluid levels for what may be low

3. Dye4. Baby Powder – spray better5. Types of Leaks

a. Staticb. Under pressure / runningc. Classes

1. Class 1: Film/coating2. Class 2: Drop3. Class 3: Drips

Finding Leaks

1. Moisture above the fill level on the oil dip stick. 2. Milky - sludgy stuff under the oil fill cap.

Causes: Piston blow-by combustion gases contain water vapor. Once vapor cools, it condenses in crankcase as liquid water. That water will remain (with some being sucked into valve cover area by the PCV system) unless the engine is run at operating temperature for an extended period of time to “burn off” the water.Short Duration driving is “SEVERE”

Water in Oil

30% of West Texas Intermediate

Oil Recycling

Arsenic 5 ppm maximum

Cadmium 2 ppm maximum

Chromium 10 ppm maximum

Lead 100 ppm maximum

Flash Point(Closed

Cup)100°F

Total Halogens

4,000 ppm maximum

PCBs <2 ppm maximum

Table 2. Constituent/Property - Allowable Levels2


32Chapter 1

Vehicle Identification

• VIN– Vehicle Identification

Number• 17 Characters• Found on driver’s

doorjamb and on the top of the dashboard


33Chapter 1

Vehicle Emission Control Info (VECI)


34Chapter 1


• Manufacturers– GM– Chrysler– Ford– Toyota– VW– Honda– Many others…


35Chapter 1



36Chapter 1


review exam #4 expenses, vehicle information, and fluids

Documents

rolling hills

compatible chapter

liability chapter

fluid locations chapter

owners manual

engine oil information

motor oil

oil cap