Reuse of Energy (Biogas)

Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international, Austria

Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in India

Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials

Ecocycle

source: www.kristianstad.se/

co-digestion of waste and manure

food production at farms

re-use of nutrients

re-use of energy

organic waste from households and

industries

Possible Benefits of Biogas Plants to the End-users

Under the right conditions a biogas plant yields several benefits to end-users:

Improved sanitation: reduction of pathogens, worm eggs and flies;

Environmental advantages: fertilizer substitution, less greenhouse gas emission;

Reduction of workload: less firewood collection, better cooking performance;

Production of energy: lighting, heat, electricity, etc.;

Improved indoor air quality: less smoke and harmful particle emission of biogas stoove compared to wood or dung fuels;

Economical benefits: substitution of spendings on expensive fuels and fertilizers;

Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?

Environmental Advantages

Local environmental advantages through protection of forests, soil, water and air.

Global environmental benefits through reduced green house gas emissions.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has a GWP of exactly 1 (since it is the baseline unit to which all other greenhouse gases are compared)

Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?

Social Advantages

Reduction of workload, mainly for women, in firewood collection and cooking

Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?

Health Advantages

Reduction of respiratory chest diseases, lung cancer, cataract and other eye infections, lung infections

source: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/ photo: M. Wafler

Indoor Air Pollution Improved Air Quality Using Biogas Stoove

Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?

Economic Advantages

Substitute to fire wood, LPG, dung cake in e.g. cooking

0.5 kg Diesel, Kerosene @ ca. 12 kWh/kg

1.3 kg Wood @ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg

1.2 kg Cow Dung @ ca. 5 kWh/kg dry matter

1.3 kg Plant Residue @ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg dry matter

0.7 kg Hard Coal @ ca. 8.5 kWh/kg

1.1 m3 City Gas @ ca. 5.3 kWh/m3

0.24 m3 Propane @ ca. 25 kWh/m3

1 m3 Biogas (@ ca. 6 kWh/m3) is equivalent to:

Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?

30 m3 BIOGAS= = INR. 400

(@ 14.2 kg of LPG per container)

Biogas Appliances

photo: Krmer (TBW)

Institutional biogas burnerin a community kitchen

Biogas Lamp (Thailand)

photo: Chaing Mai

Biogas Appliances

Biogas Water Heater (China)

Biogas Generator

Biogas Rice Cooker (China)

Biogas Appliances and Their Biogas Consumption

(photo: K.P. Pravinjith) (photo: M. Wafler)

appliance:biogas consumption

l/hour

household burner 200 - 450

industrial burner 1,000 – 3,000

refrigarator (100 l capacity; depending on outside temperature)

720 – 1,800

gas lamp (equivalent to 60 W bulb) 120 - 150

biogas/diesel engine (per bhp) 420

sour

ce:

[6]

Reuse of Energy (Biogas)

Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international, Austria

Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in India

Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials

Bibliography

(1) Kossmann, W. et al (unknown). Biogas Digest (Volume I) – Biogas Basics

(2) Seghersbetter (2002). Anaerobic Digestion in Wastewater Treatment http://www.scientecmatrix.com/seghers/tecm/scientecmatrix.nsf/_/FF976EA7B13F69F5C1256B5A005418EC/$file/AnaerobicDigestionInWasteWaterTreatment.pdf. (last accessed on March 15th, 2007)

(3) Hammer, M., (2002). Ugandan Biogas Plants – State of the Art

(4) SANIMAS (2005). Informed Choice Catalogue (PP-Presentation) http://sanimas.waspola.org/product.html

(5) Werner, U., Stöhr, U., Hees, N. (1989). Biogas plants in animal husbandry

(6) Sasse, L. (1988). Biogas Plants

(7) Morel A., Diener S. (2006). Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of different treatment systems for households or neighbourhoods. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Dübendorf, Switzerland.