retrofit zne feasibility studies - new buildings...

Retrofit ZNE Feasibility Studies

Peter Pollard, PEkW Engineeringwww.kw-engineering.com

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Intro to kW Retrofit ZNE ain’t for sissies Feasibility Study Steps

1. Goals2. Boundaries3. Assessment4. Projects Feasibility Study Examples

1. Pegasus in LA2. Nevada Corrections3. City of LA4. County of Santa Clara Resources: CEC Programs

What we’ll cover

© 2013 kW Engineering, Inc.

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Intro to kW Engineering kW Engineering Energy engineering – efficiency & renewables Oakland, Long Beach, Chicago, Salt Lake City We walk the talk: our HQ building is LEED® Gold

certified with Energy Star = 100

Peter Pollard, P.E., P.Eng., BEAP - Principal Mechanical engineer 26 yrs capital projects incl 8 yrs devoted to energy Energy audits, strategic plans, PM, commissioning

Current clients and sites include: Apple, AT&T, CB Richard Ellis, California Energy

Commission, Cisco, Citrus College, County of Santa Clara, Cushman and Wakefield, CSU-EB, Google, Kaiser, Kilroy Realty, Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, Marvell, Pacificorp, PG&E, PepsiCo, Pixar, SCEdison, SFPUC, SFSU, SFUSD, Stanford University, St Jude Children’s Hospital, UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz, VISA, Yahoo, Zynga


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1. How many of you have started or done ZNE feasibility studies?

2. How many of you were satisfied with the results?

Polls (show of hands)


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Retrofit Zero Net Energy

ZNE is ambitious for newbuildings Retrofit ZNE is even more

ambitious but achievable Deep efficiency is essential Particular to each site

Retrofit ZNE ain’t for sissies !

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Retrofit ZNE = ?

Requires that 100% of currentenergy use be:

Reduced through Efficiency

or

Produced through Renewable Generation

Lighting, 14%

Plug Loads, 8%

Server Rooms, 5%

HVAC Cooling & Pumping,

9%

Ventilation, 22%

East Wing Electricity Consumption by End Use(After Energy Efficiency Measures)

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Retrofit ZNE

Mix of EE and RE is required But what mix? need feasibility study

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Feasibility Study Steps


Feasibility Study Steps

1. Confirm Goals

1. Confirm Goals

2. Research

Project Boundaries

2. Research

Project Boundaries

3. Perform

Detailed Site Assessments

3. Perform

Detailed Site Assessments

4. Select Project

Mix

4. Select Project

Mix

5. Evaluate

5. Evaluate

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ZNE

1. Goals

Confirm Goals ZNE = 100% Renewable Energy Is < 100% RE acceptable?

Definition of ZNE? Scope? Building vs. community Source vs. site Gas too? How to define for success? ZNE is aspirational, abstractWhat underlying goals, intent? Engage all stakeholders

Grid-Purchased

Energy

Net Zero

Site-Owned Projects

Efficiency & Conservation

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2. Boundaries

Financial cost limits? ZNE projects need to justify

their costs Funding sources / amounts

Timeline bounds?

Extent of behavioral change expected / accepted? Aggressive efficiency must

involve people

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3. Assessment

ZNE feasibility assessments Detailed auditingDeep efficiency projectsRenewables projects Very technical Application-specific

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3. Assessment

Rounds of increasing depth Initial Scoping Detailed Construction

Parallels with ASHRAE Levels 1, 2, 3 for audits

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www.ashrae.org/bookstorewww.kw-engineering.com/audits

4. Select Projects Find economic and

technical balance point. Find the point at which: the rising marginal cost of

additional efficiency retrofit projects

meets the marginal cost of

additional renewable generation projects.

Graph is different for every site.

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100% of current energy use

Mar

gina

l Cos

t pe

r kW

h

$

Energy

4. Select Projects

Consider comparing four possible projects: 1. an investment in efficient windows2. a solar photovoltaic system on the parking lot3. an advanced lighting control system 4. a fuel cell cogeneration system using

renewable bio-gas.

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Complex questions on many levels Technical Financial Political Social

Feasibility Study Examples


Feasibility Study Examples

1. Pegasus apartments in LA2. Nevada Corrections3. City of LA - LEED Buildings4. County of Santa Clara

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Case 1: Pegasus Apartments

Utility leaders wanted to demonstrate deep retrofits Owner very engaged kW performed ZNE

feasibility study

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David Gilliland, P.E.Antonio Huizar, P.E.

Project: Pegasus Downtown LAFeasibility:Demonstration & Showcase of Emerging Technologies

Case 1: Pegasus Apartments

kW’s initial feasibility study found: Great savings opportunities … and major challenges Tenant / owner interests Gas / electric balance

Efficiency and SHW projects started, but unlikely to target full ZNE soon

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Case 2: Nevada Corrections

Prisons in the desert Primary goals are $: Reduce demand charges with PV Minimize fuel use Trucked fuel is expensive

kW performing feasibility studies at several sites: Solar PV Efficiency and load shifting Solar Hot Water

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Case 3: City of LA

City of LA planning to pursue ZNE for several buildings Feasibility studies being funded Newer buildings LEED certified Solar-ready

LEED certification is no guarantee of deep efficiency ZNE easier but not easy

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Case 4: County of Santa Clara

Political leaders set ambitious targets for achieving ZNE at an existing County Government Center Execution by Lin Ortega and Brad Vance

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Defined ZNE target for two-building core (CGC)24


County first installed 1 MW of Solar PV in parking lot Assigned that PV generation to

CGC buildings Just the start Hired kW Engineering to study

feasibility and oversee construction:1. Strategy Report2. Investment Grade Audit3. CEC ECAA Loan, $3 million4. Install: CM, M&V, Cx

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Strategy: Phase 1 Efficiency (“slam dunks”) Determine lowest cost of generation Phase 2/3 Deep Efficiency

(cost = cost of generation)

Goal: 82% Renewable Onsite

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Goal: 82% Renewable Onsite27


Generation - Primary Issues: Solar PV: Space? Fuel cells, CHP: Available base load?Bio-gas source and cost?Uses for waste heat? Solar Hot Water:HW demand? When?Wind:Any?

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Project Mix (Cost per kWh*)

Efficiency and Renewables


Deep Efficiency

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Case 4: County of Santa Clara31


Plug loads32


Lighting and controls33


HVAC Controls, Persistence34


Air Systems35

Convert Single-Fan Dual-Duct to Dual Fan aka “extreme engineering”

Case 4: County of Santa Clara36


Current Status: Selecting contractors to install $3

million of efficiency projects at CGC Construction underway for retrofit of

LED lighting and granular dimming controls (at 6 buildings) In final design stages to install fuel

cells (at four sites, 2.8 MW) Evaluating solar hot water

opportunities (at 17 sites) and more !

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Resources: CEC Programs


Resources: CEC Programs FREE technical assistance for energy projects eg. Auditing, feasibility studies, design and bid

documents and reviews, construction assistance Bright Schools EPP: Energy Partnership Program aka “Bright Cities”

www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/brightschools/ www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/partnership/ Eligible

Schools (publicly-funded and non-profit Cities Counties Special districts Public or non-profit hospitals, public care facilities Public or non-profit colleges/universities State-owned facilities NOT eligible

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Resources: CEC Programs CEC Low-Interest Loans Up to $3 million, currently 1% ECAA: Energy Conservation Assistance Act www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/financing/ Requires a feasibility study documenting EE projects

planned Pay back loan within 15 years Overall simple payback under ~13 years required Some state agencies may qualify if they own and

operate a school, hospital or public care institution

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Questions?41

Thank you for your time!

Peter Pollard, P.E. P.Eng. BEAP [email protected]

510.229.5614

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