reticulated science steven c. hayes, university of nevada
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reticulated ScienceSteven C. Hayes, University of Nevada
![Page 2: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Purpose of ACBS
Creating a psychology more adequate to the challenge of the human condition
![Page 3: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where CBS Started:Behavior Analysis
Philosophical clarity
Basic principles from the lab
Inductive extensions using functional analysis
Time series designs evaluating extensions
![Page 4: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What do you do when you hit a wall?
COG NI TION
COG NI TION
COG NI TION
LAN GU AGE
LAN GULAN GU AGEAGE
LAN GU AGE
GU AGE LAN GU AGE LAN
LAN GU AGE LAN GU AGE LAN
COG NI TION
G NI TION
NI TION COG NI
N
N
E
U
N
COG
Why That is Not Enough
![Page 5: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The CBS Strategy
Rearrange the relation between applied and basic psychology
![Page 6: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
You Cannot Turn This Over to Someone Else
The CBS approach: Applied and basic psychologists need to take responsibility for each other and for the field as a whole
![Page 7: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ACT in Silence
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
RCTs on ACT by Year
![Page 8: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Its Not Bottom Up vs Top Down
It’s reticulated development versus silos
![Page 9: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Context Theory of Cognition
Manipulable variables linked to actions of importance
This is controlled by history and context
Limoo
Betrang
1. Mutual Entailment
2. Combinatorial Entailment
![Page 10: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Functions
Betrangsour
salivation
citrus
bumpy
lemonade yellow
3. Transformationof Functions
soursalivation
citrus
bumpy
lemonade yellow
Manipulable variables linked to actions of importance
This is controlled by history and context
![Page 11: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A Classic Example all Parents Know
A child learns that a nickel is “smaller than” a dime
5 10
And thus that a dimeis “bigger than” a nickel
10 5
& is worth moregood
5If
Good
10then
![Page 12: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Our Fence-Post DumbBehavioral Idea
• Maybe it is operant behavior• View it as a contextual
controlled relational response, based originally on multiple exemplar training
![Page 13: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
It Can Be Trained Berens and Hayes, JABA, 2008
![Page 14: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
It Makes a DifferenceGiven A < B < C; Shocks to B
Dougher et al., JEAB, 2007
![Page 15: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Applied Basic GambitFound a New Way Forward
Expand Behavioral Principles to Account for Human Language and Cognition: Relational Frame Theory
![Page 16: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Liberalized Language
Practitioners need middle level terms. These needs to be linked to basic principles and integrated into models and theories.
Self asContext
Contact with the Present Moment
Defusion
Acceptance
Committed Action
Values
![Page 17: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Probability of Avoidance
100%
50%
100%
50%
“Don’t Think “Bear” Earlier
Remove “Bear”B
EA
R
GE
ED
ER
(C
)
UN
RE
LAT
ED
BE
AR
GE
ED
ER
(C
)
UN
RE
LAT
ED
![Page 18: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PosD NegD
High BDI -0.023 -0.116
Low BDI 0.3 0.041-0.095
-0.045
0.005
0.055
0.105
0.155
0.205
0.255
0.305
Me
an
D-I
RA
P S
co
re m
sExpectations of Depressives
Liv Kosness, Louise A. McHugh, Jo Saunders & Robert Whelan
![Page 19: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IAT versus IRAPSarah Roddy, Ian Stewart & Dermot Barnes-Holmes
.1
.05
R2 Above Explicit Anti-Fat Attitudes
R2 Above Feelings toward Fat People
IAT
IRA
P
IAT
IRA
P
.1
.05
Relation to behavioral intentions
![Page 20: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ExampleJared Chase dissertation
Adjusted Cumulative GPA
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
Beginning Spring 2009
End Spring 2009
End Fall 2009
3 Group RCT: Wait list, Goal-Setting, Values plus Goal-Setting
Psych Majors Not in Study (N = 447)
Goal Setting Alone (N = 48)
Wait list (N = 33)
Values plus Goal Setting (N = 51)
Now add: Values plus Goal Setting
![Page 23: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
THEN
NOW
YOU
I
HERE
THERE
Deictic Frames
![Page 24: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Perspective Taking Self
Self-as-context
![Page 25: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Figure 6. Within subject analysis for Abu. Multiple baseline across levels of Complexity includes data series for each deictic relational frame. The
lower panel represents Theory of Mind probe percentages.
![Page 26: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
30
4050
6070
8090
100
Pre Simple DoubleReversals
Phases
Per
cen
t C
orr
ect Deictic
ToM
Relation of Deictic Framing to Theory of Mind Performance
![Page 27: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
For Example: Caring About Being
With Others
Roger Vilardaga, Ana Estévez, Michael E. Levin and Steven C. Hayes
Social Anhedonia
I/You
Here/There
Now/Then
-
Perspective Taking
EmpathyExperiential Avoidance
JoySadness
- - +
Repertoire Narrowing
![Page 28: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Social AnhedoniaR2 ∆F β
Step 1 .036 1.865 Gender -.17 Age -.09Step 2 .10* 6.914 Gender -.13 Age -.10 Deictic ability -.26*Step 3 15* 5.172 Gender -.06 Age -.04 Deictic ability -.23* Empathic concern -.23*Step 4 .26** 14.599 Gender -.02 Age .05 Deictic ability -.18† Empathic concern -.26* Experiential Avoidance .35**
![Page 29: Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649d0c5503460f949df90e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Its Not Bottom Up vs Top Down
It’s reticulated development versus silos