rethinking the library catalogue: making search work for the library user
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Rethinking the library catalogue:making search work for the library user
Sally Chambers The European Library
[email protected] http://twitter.com/schambers3
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Challenges for library search
To survive the future, a library catalogue has to offer the same user experience as a library user’s favourite search engine
How can libraries harness web technologies to provide a search engine like experience for their users?
I hope to outline the challenges faced by librarians to transform the traditional library catalogue into a search-engine like user experience
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Introducing to The European Library
Unique accesspoint for thecatalogues anddigital collectionsof the 48 NationalLibraries of Europe
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Introducing to The European Library
www.theeuropeanlibrary.org
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Library I.R. protocols
a client/server-based protocol for searching and retrieving information from remote databases
http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/
http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/
SRU is a standard XML-focused search protocol for Internet search queries, utilizing CQL (Contextual Query Language), a
standard syntax for representing queries
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Library federated search
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The difficulties of federated search
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The difficulties of federated search
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Results list per country (1)
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Results list per country (2)
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Issues with federated search
Speed of return of results not up to current user expectations
Search is dependent on individual services outside the library’s control (‘not responding’)
Results are returned independently and therefore difficult to integrate into a single result list
Ranking of results is not core functionality of federated search protocols
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Towards integrated search
The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a low-barrier mechanism for repository
interoperability. Data Providers are repositories that expose structured metadata via OAI-PMH. Service Providers then make OAI-PMH service requests to harvest that metadata. OAI-PMH is a set of six verbs or services that are invoked within HTTP.
http://www.openarchives.org/pmh/
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Metadata harvesting protocol
http://193.200.14.178:8080/repox/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&set=Albymika_0001&metadataP
refix=oai_dc
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Towards integrated search
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Integrated results list
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Integrated results list
Metadata is harvested and indexed in advance – no need to rely on real time federated search
Availability of search is determined by the library, without needing to rely on remote servers
As the metadata is in one place it is easier to present an integrated result list
Ranking search results becomes possible ... but how?
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Relevancy ranking in libraries?
Users ‘used to good relevancy ranking’, e.g. in web search engines and can’t understand why user experience is generally inferior in libraries
Ranking needed for results list which contain large amounts of data (for libraries) - estimated 180 million records in The European Library - but not web-scale
Dealing with a diversity of library materials
In many different languagessee: Lewandowski (2009)
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Diversity of library resources
Metadata (catalogue) records (MARC format) -some link to digital objects, some not
Metadata records (often Dublin Core format) - linking to digital objects
Increasing amounts of full-text content with minimal metadata
In other types of libraries, e-journals, institutional repositories etc.
A mix of structured and un-structured data
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Typical record in MARC format
www.loc.gov/marc/
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Full-text search
www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records
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Full-text search
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Full-text search
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Full-text search
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Full-text search
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Ability to sort the results
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Faceted search examples
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Drop down ‘pick-list’
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Faceted search examples
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Faceted search examples
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Visual search
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Faceted search
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Facets and ‘dirty’ data
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Facets and ‘dirty’ data
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Facets and ‘dirty’ data
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Facets and ‘dirty’ data
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A conceptual model for the bibliographic universe
www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records
http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records—or FRBR, sometimes pronounced /ˈfɜrbər/—is a conceptual
entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records
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FRBR essentials
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Refining by clustering
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Refining by clustering
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Libraries and linked data
http://id.loc.gov
http://viaf.org/
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Mobile search
…and all of this via a mobile device
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References
Lewandowski, D (2009) Ranking library materials (Pre-print version)www.bui.haw-hamburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/lewandowski/doc/LHT2009_preprint.pdf
Karen G. Schneider (2006) How OPACS suck, ALA TechSourceHow OPACs Suck, Part 1: Relevance Rank (Or the Lack of It)www.alatechsource.org/blog/2006/03/how-opacs-suck-part-1-relevance-rank-or-the-lack-of-it.html
How OPACs Suck, Part 2: The Checklist of Shamewww.alatechsource.org/blog/2006/04/how-opacs-suck-part-2-the-checklist-of-shame.html
How OPACs Suck, Part 3: The Big Picturewww.alatechsource.org/blog/2006/05/how-opacs-suck-part-3-the-big-picture.html