RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONThe good, the bad, and the ugly.

Widespread EpidemicsEpidemicsThe Spanish brought small

pox, measles, and influenzaConquistadors purposely gave

infected blankets as gifts as a way to kill off the Native Americans—biological warfare

Native American died in mass number due to little immunity

Population of Indians in Hispaniola

*1492—250,000 *1512—60,000 remained *1562—500 left

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGEGlobal exchange of people, plants, animals

ideas and technology between Europe and the Americas

From Americas to Europe—corn, potato, beans, pineapple, cocoa, tobacco, peanuts, and tomatoes

From Europe to the Americas—wheat, sugar, bananas, horses, pigs, cattle, chicken, sheep, small pox, typhus, and measles.

Exchange of Goods

IMPACT OF NEW PRODUCTS

The goods brought to the America s and to Europe changed the course of history. The potato revolutionized Europe by providing a reliable, starchy food. It increased the population of Europe.

THE TRIANGLE TRADE

Europe shipped cotton goods, weapons, and liquor to Africa

African slaves were shipped to Americas

Plantation products of tobacco, cotton, and sugar shipped to Europe

THE SLAVE TRADE Middle Passage slave voyage from

Africa to the Americasmillions died on the

journey Effects of the Slave Trade ended in the 1800s 11 million Africans

were sent to the Americas

undermined the political structure in Africa

AFRICAN SLAVE SHIP

Humans were packed like sardines trying to fit as many people in as possible. Slaves were kept in the bottom of the ship, chained to one another over the long journey.

The Brutality of Slavery"The voyage, the horrors of which are beyond description. For example, the mode of packing. The hold of a slave vessel is from two to four feet high. It is filled with as many human beings as it will contain. They are made to sit down with their heads between their knees: first, a line is placed close to the side of the vessel; then another line, and then the packer, armed with a heavy club, strikes at the feet of this last line in order to make them press as closely as possible against those behind... Thus it is suffocating for want of air, starving for want of food, parched with thirst for want of water, these poor creatures are compelled to perform a voyage of fourteen hundred miles. No wonder the mortality is dreadful!"

EXPLORATIONA TURNING POINT IN HISTORY

Mercantilism and CapitalismEuropean capitalism—investment of money to make a profit

was becoming more popularMercantilism—building up national wealth by exporting more

goods than the nation exports.a. based on the idea that the world had a fixed amount of

wealth, in order for a nation to gain more, it had to take from another nation.

b. colonies served two purposes to the mother nation: 1. a place to take raw materials from 2. forced colonies to but only their goods.

England, France, Portugal and Spain gained massive amount of wealth. This strengthened their regions and led to the development of modern day nations. As Monarchies grew stronger in Europe, the power of the Church continued to decline.