results from an industrial-size biogas-fed solid …...2 the demosofc eu project politecnico di...
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DEMOSOFC Project: Results from an Industrial-Size Biogas-Fed Solid
Oxide Fuel Cell plant
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The DEMOSOFC EU project
POLITECNICO DI TORINO (IT): project coordinator
CONVION (FI): SOFC technology provider
SMAT (IT): WWTP owner / end-user of electricity and thermal energy
VTT (FI): performance evaluation
IMPERIAL COLLEGE (UK): business analysis
This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells
and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant
agreement No 671470. This Joint Undertaking
receives support from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen
Europe and Hydrogen Europe research.
Anaerobic digestion for biogas production
Internal Combustion Engine or Micro Gas Turbine
Electricity
Heat
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
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• Medium size WWTP
• Entering load: 180’000 P.E.
• # 50 for entering load among all IT WWTPs
• Previous biogas exploitation: boiler for anaerobic digester heating and flare
The site: SMAT Collegno Waste Water Treatment Plant
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SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
High electrical
efficiency
(50-60%)
Near-zero emissions
to atmosphere
(NOx, SOx, PM, VOC) Modular concept:
performance are
kept constant from
kW to MW size
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The DEMOSOFC plant
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Plant layout
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C6
4
C6
4CK
C
C6
4C6
4
CK
C
S1
S2
S3
Biogas purification system
Required purification
level for SOFC
H2S: 30 ppb
Siloxanes: 10 ppb
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Biogas purification system
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Plant layout
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The SOFC modules
• Fuel flexibility (NG+biogas)
• Black box for the end-user, easy to install&operate
Inlet flows:
• Biogas @ 4 bar
• Ambient air
• Compressed air (start-up)
• N-H mix purge gas (stand-by)
Outlet flows:
• Electrical power
• Thermal power
• Exhaust gas (CO2 + H2O)
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Electrical layout: island mode operation
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NOMINAL
OPERATION
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ISLAND MODE
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Results
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Biogas quality – online gas analyzer
→ Raw biogas analysis
H2S (ppm)
Si (mgSi/m3)
CH4
(%)
Average 31.561 4.065 62.493
Min. 1.833 0.000 56.038
Max. 71.048 9.429 68.114
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
H2S
(ppm
), S
i (m
gS
i/m
3)
Measurement #
H2S
Si
Nov-
Dec
2017
Feb-
Mar
2018
Apr - Jun 2018 Sep - Dec 2018 Feb 2019 - ongoing
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351
CH
4 (
%)
Measurement #
68.1%
58.1%
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SOFC – Electrical & Total efficiency
100%50%
• Until May 27th, more than 7500 hours of operation onsite have been reached (+1000h @ Convion facilities)
• Electrical power production: 322’526 kWhel
• Thermal recovery for sludge pre-heating: 195’085 kWhthCauses for downtime
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Emissions from SOFC
(onsite analysis done by on Dec 2017)
1: Limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants (MCP-directive), DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2193
2: Industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (IED-directive), DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU
3: Air quality in Europe — 2016 report, EEA Report No 28/2016
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Future perspectives & Conclusions
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• P.E. : People Equivalent –corresponds to a BOD5 equal to 60 g of oxygen per day
• Number of Active WWTPs in Europe: 23’423 (with loading or capacity data available)
• Minimum entering loadsuitable for biogas production: 20’000 P.E. (40 kW SOFC) → 19 % of totalWWTPS
Waste Water Treatment Plant in Europe
Urban Waste Water Treatment maphttps://eea.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=7fa4f0267d8249888b077803714e39fe&embed=true#
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2020
SOFC market potential in Europe
0
50
100
150
200
250
XS S M L XL
XS 20,000-60,000 P.E. 25 – 80 kW
S 60,001-150,000 P.E 80 – 200 kW
M 150,001-350,000 P.E. 200 – 500 kW
L 350,001-750,000 P.E. 500 - 1000 kW
XL >750,0000 1000 - 1500 kW
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
XS S M L XL
Installed MWel Number of plants
EU potential biogas production
1.86 - 5.44 billionm3/y
EU potential SOFC Power installed930 - 2550 MWel
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Which could be the price of an SOFC system?
Power output (kW)
100 250 500 1000
Cost of electricity (€/kWh)
0.123 € 0.102 € 0.099 € 0.094 €
SOFC-CHP system investment
cost to have the same Cost of
Electricity of the ICE case study
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Conclusions
→ The DEMOSOFC plant has demonstrated the advantages of the waste-to-energy process by coupling sewage biogas and SOFCs.
→ SOFCs could become a best practice for electricity production from biogas:• Higher electrical and lower thermal
production (usually unexploited);• Zero pollutants to atmosphere (important
especially in urban areas).
→ Small-medium size plants are a niche starting market for the technology because of the higher benefits compared to ICEs and biomethane. The replication potential is huge.
→ Because of their modulation capability, SOFC could work in grid balancing and in micro-grids, together with renewables.
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Thank you
www.demosofc.euSteps POLITO
Steps POLITO
Steps POLITO
https://demosofc.wordpress.com
Come and visit us the DEMOSOFC site!
This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking
under grant agreement No 671470. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe
and Hydrogen Europe research.