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Restoration and Enhancement of Aquatic Habitats in Alaska:

Project Inventory, Case Study Selection, and Bibliography

By

Betsy L. Parry, Celia M. Rozen, and Glenn A. Seaman

Technical Report No. 93-8

Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Habitat and Restoration Division

--WALTER J. HICKEL, GOVERNOR

333 RASPBERRY ROAD A:>ICHORAGE, ALASKA 99518-1599 PHONE (907) 344-0541

-2- October 20, 1993 Distribution

Distribution:

Mike Haddix/Tim Zadina, ADF&G, CFMD, Ketchikan Joe Teter/Dick Aho, USPS, Petersburg John Edgington, USPS, Petersburg 1Jeb,Zerieh;~~. Pate durg Van Sundberg/Nate Johnson, ADOT/PF, Douglas Ralph Thompson, ACOE, Juneau Mason Bryant, USPS Research, Juneau Christopher Riley & Chris James, USPS, Hoonah Steve Reifenstuhl, NSRAA, Sitka Lon Garrison, NSRAA, Haines Steve Babler, Wildlife Biologist, USPS, Cordova Dave Schmid, Fisheries Biologist, USPS, Cordova Garvan Bucaria, Chugach National Forest, Anchorage John Strand/Bruce Wright, NMFS, Auke Bay Ken Roberson, c/o ADF&G, Glennallen Kate Wedemeyer, Joellen Lottsfeldt, and Dan Gillikin, USPS, Girdwood Tom Mears/Gary Fandrei, CIAA, Soldotna Mike Stekoll, Univ. of Alaska-Southeast Gary Kyle, ADF&G, Limnology, Soldotna Roseann Densmore, National Park Service, Healy Page Spencer, National Park Service, Anchorage Laura Jacobs/Torre Jorgenson, Alaska Biological Research, Fairbanks Mike Joyce, ARCO, Anchorage Steve Lombard/Tom Barnes, BP Exploration, Anchorage Nevin Holmberg, USFWS, Juneau Rosa Meehan, USFWS, Anchorage Dan Robison, EPA, Anchorage Marc Little/Laura Ogar-Wilkins, Municipality of Anchorage Tom Bacon, Department of Public Works, Anchorage Steve Planchon/Kathy Hess, The Nature Conservancy, Anchorage Ann Leggett, Mark Dalton, Dan Billman, HDR Engineering, Anchorage Jim Reynolds, Cooperative Fisheries Unit, UAF Director, Institute of Arctic Biology, UAF

Jim Glaspell, Resource Analysts, Anchorage

Steve Shaner, Dames & Moore, Anchorage

Maureen McCrea, Anchorage Waterways Council, Anchorage

Bill Gossweiler/Bill Quirk, DOD, Fort Richardson, Anchorage

Cliff Eames, Alaska Center for the Environment, Anchorage

Larry Bright, USFWS, Fairbanks

Jay McKendrick, UAF Experimental Station, Palmer

_. '. .

-3- October 20, 1993 Distribution

Phil Cutler, Alaska Sportfishing Association, Anchorage Dave Cline, National Audubon Society, Anchorage Kim Titus, The Wildlife Society, Douglas Mike Scott, Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage Susan Will, Kobuk District, BLM, Fairbanks Brain Lubinski/Jon Kostohrys, Steese/White Mtn District, BLM, Fairbanks Shelly Jones, Steese/White Mtn District, BLM, Fairbanks Skip Walker, Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado Tamra Faris, NOAA, Juneau Don Martin, USFS, Juneau Ron Medel, USFS, Ketchikan Ron Josephson, ADF&G, CFMD, Douglas Mark Willette, ADF&G, CFMD, Cordova LonWhite,ADF&G,CFMD,~

Restoration and Enhancement of Aquatic Habitats in Alaska: Project Inventory, Case Study Selection, and Bibliography

By Betsy L. Parry, Celia M. Rozen, and Glenn A. Seaman

Technical Report No. 93-8

Frank Rue

Director

Habitat and Restoration Division

Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 25526

Juneau, Alaska 99802-5526

July 1993

The Alaska Department of Fish and Game receives federal funding. All of its public programs and activities are operated free from discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, nstional origin, age, or handicap. Any person wbo believes he or she has been discriminated against by this agency should write to: OEO, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lll

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT INVENTORY .............................. 2-1

A) Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

B) Results/Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

C) How to Use These Database Reports ......................... 2-15

D) Summary Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Southeast Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Southcentral/Southwest ............................... 2-22

Northern/Interior ................................... 2-30

E) Project Narratives .................................... 2-35

Southeast Alaska ................................... 2-35

Southcentral/Southwest ............................... 2-59

Northemllnterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-112

F) Index to Database Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-141

CHAPTER 3. CASE STUDIES ................................... 3-1

A) Selection of Case Study Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

B) Description of Evaluation Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

CHAPTER 4. PROJECT BffiUOGRAPHY ............................ 4-1

A) Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

B) Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 C) Index to Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37

APPENDIX A: Data Field Descriptions for Aquatic Habitat Database . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

APPENDIX B: Full Data Printout for One Project Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

APPENDIX C: Data Entry Form for 309 Aquatic Habitat Database . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

APPENDIX D: Additional Alaskan Aquatic Habitat Projects Identified During Course of Inventory Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

i

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Description of Selected Data Fields Used in Reports and Discussion .... 2-5 Table 2. Possible Case Study Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

See Also "Summary Table", Section D of Chapter 2 ...................... 2-17

ii

Figure 1.

Figure 2 .

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7 .

LIST OF FIGURES

Boundaries of the Three State Regions Used to Sort the Project Inventory Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Years in which Restoration/Enhancement Projects were Begun ........ 2-7

Geographic Distribution of Aquatic Habitat Restoration or Enhancement Projects on Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Types of Aquatic Habitat Being Restored or Enhanced . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Objectives of Restoration/Enhancement Projects ................ 2-10

Target Habitat Use of Restoration/Enhancement Projects .......... 2-11

Assessment of Success at Meeting Restoration/Enhancement Objectives . 2-13

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Individuals representing a wide variety of federal, state, and local government agencies and researchers served as members of an interagency advisory group for the project during the past year. Those that contributed particular guidance include: K Koski, Rick Sinnott, Sandy Tucker, Thede Tobish, Phil Brna, Kevin Brownlee, Janet Schempf, Mary Lee Plumb-Mentjes, Andy Grossman, Sandy Milner, Stoney Wright, Nancy Moore, Robert "Skip" Gish, and Duane Peterson. Dozens of other agency and private industry employees participated in the project by providing project information and/or contact referrals. Many were directly interviewed to obtain descriptions of past Alaskan restoration or enhancement projects. A few individuals took particular time to provide project details in the exact format needed; these include Christopher James, John Edgington, Gary Fandrei, and Ken Hodges. A few other individuals assisted in the production of this technical report. Within the Habitat and Restoration Division of the Alaska Department ofFish and Game (ADF&G), Kathrin Sundet provided expertise in formatting reports from R:BASE, Frances Inoue produced the maps, and Mark Fink assisted in formatting the index to the database reports and other sections. Other graphics and general clerical work were supplied by Jamie Simmons, Division of Commercial Fish Management and Rehabilitation, ADF&G.

This study was financed in part by the Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP) which is funded by the State of Alaska and the Office of Oceans and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Specific federal funding for this project was disbursed to the ACMP through the Section 309 Enhancement Grant Program. ACMP funds are administered by the Alaska Division of Governmental Coordination, Office of Management and Budget.

iv

Chapter 1

Introduction

CHAYI'ER 1: INTRODUCI'ION

The Habitat and Restoration Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) received federal funding to undertake an evaluation of aquatic habi